Kupezeka kwa "chiwindi cha chiwindi" sikungatheke m'dziko lathu komanso padziko lonse lapansi, ndipo sizingatheke kuti wodwalayo asamayembekezere. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti matendawa amatha kukhalapo kwa nthawi yaitali m'thupi, kuwononga chiwindi, kunja kusadziwonetsera.
Chizindikiro cha matenda a chiwindi
Chilombo cha hepatitis si nthenda imodzi, koma gulu lonse la mavitamini, omwe amachititsa kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Iwo amafalitsidwa m'njira zosiyanasiyana, alibe chiwerengero chofanana cha nkhanza. Matendawa ndi omwe amachititsa kuti kutupa kwa chiwindi, kusokoneze ntchito yake.
Pakalipano, pafupifupi mitundu khumi ndi iwiri ya mavairasi amadziwika, pamene kachilombo kamene kamayambitsa matenda a chiwindi. Si onse omwe adaphunzira bwino. Kuonjezerapo, palinso mavairasi omwe sakudziwika. Chilombo cha hepatitis sichidziwika ndi mtundu wa kachilombo ka HIV, komanso ndi zina:
1. Pa maphunziro azachipatala:
- zovuta kwambiri (mpaka masiku 90);
- kuyambira mofulumira (mpaka miyezi 6);
- osatha (miyezi isanu ndi umodzi).
2. Pa kukula kwa zomwe zilipo pano:
- digiri yowala;
- chiwerengero;
- zolemetsa.
3. Pa mawonekedwe a zachipatala:
- Wotsutsa (icteric yofanana, icteric atypical, popanda jaundice);
- zobisika (zozizwitsa, ziwalo za makolo).
Chilombo cha hepatitis A
Matendawa, opwetekedwa ndi mavairasi a mtundu wa A, ndi oopsa kwambiri a chiwindi cha chiwindi, omwe amadziwika ndi mliriwu komanso kufalikira kwakukulu. Wothandizira matendawa amatchedwa enterovirus-72, ndipo matendawa amatchedwa Botkin's disease. Kutuluka ndi njira yachinsinsi, munthu wa msinkhu uliwonse akhoza kudwala, pambuyo pake amachititsa chitetezo chokhazikika.
Nthawi yopangira mavitamini imakhala pakati pa masiku 7 ndi 45. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timene timalowa mumatumbo timatulutsa epithelium ndipo timayambitsa chiwindi, kumene imayamba kuwononga makompyuta. Monga lamulo, matendawa amayamba kufalikira, ndipo ngati chithunzi cha kuchipatala chikufotokozedwa, chikupezeka:
- kumverera kwa kupsyinjika mu mimba kumagwirizana ndi kuwonjezeka kwa chiwindi;
- chisokonezo;
- kukhumba kusanza;
- mdima wa mkodzo;
- kufotokoza kwa zinyenyeswazi, udongo wake;
- kutentha kwa thupi (mkati mwa masiku 2-3);
- mutu ndi ululu wa minofu;
- mkamwa wouma;
- khungu ndi khungu;
- kuyabwa khungu ndi zina zotero
Chiwindi cha hepatitis B
Matenda a mtundu uwu akhoza kuchitika mu maonekedwe ovuta, aakulu, aakulu. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, omwe amachititsa kuti matendawa asangalatse, amadziwika kuti amakhala ndi moyo wambiri pozizira kwambiri, otentha, asidi, kwa nthawi yaitali akhoza kukhala otanganidwa ndi chilengedwe. Odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a hepatitis B, amapezeka m'magazi komanso m'madzi ena - msupa, mkodzo, kumaliseche, ndi zina zotero. Choncho, mukhoza kutenga kachilombo ka HIV, marenteral, kugonana ndi njira zina.
Chiwindi cha matenda a chiwindi cha mtundu uwu chimakhala ndi nthawi ya makulitsidwe kuyambira masiku 45 mpaka miyezi isanu ndi umodzi. Panthawiyi, mavitamini opatsirana kudzera m'magazi amalowa m'chiwindi, kumene amachulukana ndikudzikundikira. Pambuyo pokhala ndi ndalama zina, zizindikiro zoyamba zikhoza kuoneka:
- kufooka kwakukulu ndi malaise (popanda kutentha thupi);
- Kukhala ndi nkhawa nthawi zonse m'mimba, kukhala wochuluka pambuyo pa chakudya;
- chisokonezo;
- kusintha mtundu wa mkodzo;
- kupweteka m'magulu, ndi zina zotero.
Komanso, mavairasi a chiwindi amapita ku icteric, momwe mawonetseredwe onse akuwonjezeka, ndipo zatsopano zikuwonekera:
- kukonzanso;
- khungu ndi khungu;
- kuchepa kwa mkodzo;
- chosokoneza chimbudzi;
- chisokonezo chagona, etc.
Maonekedwe amtunduwu amatha ndi kupuma komanso kukhalabe ndi chitetezo chokhazikika (ndi chiwindi chikuyambiranso mu miyezi yowerengeka, ndipo zowonjezereka zimakhalapo panthawi yonse ya moyo), kapena zimakhala zosalekeza ndi zizindikiro zina zofanana ndi ziwalo zina.
Chiwindi cha hepatitis C
Matendawa amayamba ndi ntchito yovuta, yomwe nthawi zambiri imatha. Matenda makamaka amachokera kwa anthu odwala kapena odwala kachilomboka omwe amakumana ndi magazi awo, pogonana, kuchokera kwa mayi kupita kwa mwana wothandizidwa. Chifukwa chakuti kachilombo koyambitsa matenda a hepatitis C nthawi zambiri amayamba mwachinsinsi ndipo amapezeka ngakhale pamene zilondazo sizingatheke, zimatchedwa "wakupha mwachikondi."
Pafupipafupi, nthawi yopangira makina imatenga masiku 60. Ndi matenda amtundu uwu ali ofanana ndi chiwindi cha hepatitis B ndipo amatha kudziwika ndi mawonetseredwe otsatirawa:
- kufooka kwakukulu;
- zowawa;
- chisokonezo;
- chisokonezo;
- mdima wa mkodzo;
- khungu la chikasu, ndi zina zotero.
Chiwindi cha matenda a hepatitis C chimaphatikizapo zizindikiro zambiri zowonjezereka, zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa: ziphuphu zamtundu, vitiligo, kuchepa kwa magazi, ubongo wa chithokomiro, ndi zina. Pambuyo panthawi yovuta, wodwala akhoza kuchira, kapena matendawa amapita kumalo osatha. Ambiri, posakhala chithandizo cham'chidziwikiratu, akupitirizabe njira yowonongeka yomwe silingadziwonetsere kwa zaka zambiri. Kachilombo kakang'ono kameneka kakuyambitsa mafuta ndi fibrous, nthawizina njira imakhala yoipa.
Chiwindi cha hepatitis D
Matendawa amatchedwanso matenda a delta. Chiwindi cha matenda a Hepatitis D chimadziwika ndi kufunika koti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Choncho, matenda a delta amapezeka kokha chifukwa cha chizoloŵezi cha matenda a chiwindi chakumtunda B ndipo amapeza mawonetseredwe omwewo, mwachidziwitso. Kuonjezera apo, matenda ovuta oterewa amachititsa kuti pakhale mavuto aakulu. Kutenga kumapezeka kudzera mwazi.
Chilombo cha hepatitis E
Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timene timayambitsa matenda a hepatitis E ndi ofanana ndi rotavirus ndipo timafalikira ndi njira yachinsinsi. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timakhala osasunthika kumalo akunja, mwamsanga timapha ndi kutenthetsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, koma tikhoza kupitiriza nthawi yayitali m'madzi atsopano. Chithunzi cha kuchipatala chikufanana ndi Botkin's disease yosavuta, nthawi zambiri chimathera. Zotsatira zoipa za tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa pa amayi apakati: mimba nthawi zambiri imathera padera, amayi amatha kukula msanga.
Hepatitis F
Wothandizira mankhwalawa, omwe amafanana ndi adenovirus, adapezeka posachedwapa ndipo sanaphunzirepo pang'ono. Amafalitsidwa ndi njira yachinsinsi yomwe imadutsa mwazi, kuchokera kwa mayi kupita kwa mwana. Hepatitis F ili ndi zizindikiro zotsatirazi:
- kufooka kwakukulu;
- kutentha kwapafupi;
- mutu;
- ululu pachiwindi;
- mliri ;
- matenda osungira;
- chisokonezo;
- utsi wamagazi.
Kodi kachilomboka kamatulutsa bwanji chiwindi?
Njira zazikulu zowonjezera kachilombo ka shuga ndi:
- Wachilendo (olowa) - ndi madzi ndi chakudya chifukwa cha ukhondo wathanzi, malo osasamala).
- Kukumana ndi magazi ndi zina zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a munthu wodwala matenda (parenterally) - ndi njira zochiritsira ndi zozindikiritsa, kupyolera mu zipangizo zamagetsi, mano, zida zofukiza, kupyola, kujambula, etc.);
- Zogonana.
- Pakati pa mimba kuchokera kwa mayi mpaka mwana wamtsogolo.
Kuika mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya matenda imakhala ndi subspecies A ndi E. Oopsa kwambiri pa chiberekero chotchedwa hepatitis - B, C, D, F, zimayambitsa moyo. Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda ndi anthu omwe ali ndi zizindikiro za matendawa. Kuti athetse kachidutswa kakang'ono kakang'ono ka madzimadzi owonongeka, osadziwika ndi maso.
Hepatitis ya Viral - Kuzindikira
Zomwe zimachitika pa matenda a chiwindi, kuphatikizapo kuyezetsa magazi, zimaphatikizapo kuzindikira mtundu wa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, mawonekedwe a matendawa, kuchuluka kwa kuwonongeka kwa ziwalo za thupi komanso kukhalapo kwa mavuto. Kwa ichi, ma laboratory ndi njira zamagwiritsidwe ntchito. Choncho, ultrasound imapatsidwa kukhazikitsa kusintha kwa morphological mu minofu yodabwitsa. Nthaŵi zina, kuti mupeze chithunzi chokwanira cha njira yotupa, kuyesa kwake kafukufuku wa zinyama zokhudzidwa ndizofunika.
Kufufuza kwa matenda a chiwindi
Njira yofunika yothandizira ndi kuyezetsa magazi kwa zizindikiro za mavairasi a chiwindi. Pali njira ziwiri zowonetsera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda:
- Immunological - kutanthauzira kwa ma antibodies opangidwa mu thupi chifukwa cha kulowa kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, kapena tizilombo ta tizilombo tokha.
- Genetic ndi mtundu wa polymerase wotuluka njira yomwe mavairasi amadziwika ndi DNA kapena RNA m'magazi.
Zizindikiro za mavairasi a chiwindi amasonyezedwa, kuphatikizapo, pakuyesedwa koopsa:
- kuyesa kuchuluka kwa mavitamini odzola;
- kutsimikiza kwa tizigawo ta bilirubin.
Matenda a hepatitis - zizindikiro ndi mankhwala
Popeza kuti matendawa ali ndi "chiwindi cha chiwindi" zizindikiro sizimadziwonetsera nthawi yoyamba, nthawi zonse amachira. Kawirikawiri, monga taonera pamwambapa, matendawa amapitirirabe ndi zizindikiro zowonongeka zomwe zingathe kuchitika mu matenda ena ambiri:
- chiwonetsero;
- mutu;
- ululu wamimba;
- chisokonezo;
- matenda obisala, ndi zina zotero.
Choopsa kwambiri ndi chomwe chimatchedwa mphenzi pakalipano, momwe imfa yaikulu ya chiwindi cha chiwindi ikuwonetseredwa. Monga lamulo, mawonekedwe oterewa ali ndi chiwindi cha chiwindi cha matenda a chiwindi. Pachifukwa ichi, zizindikiro zimatchulidwa momveka bwino ndipo kuphulika kwa dongosolo loyamba la mitsempha limayikidwa poyamba, lomwe likukhudzana ndi kuwonjezeka kwa mankhwala oopsa. Choncho, odwala akhoza kukhala ndi chisokonezo, kusokonezeka, kusuntha, ndi zina zotero. Izi zimafuna kuthandizidwa mwamsangamsanga.
Chithandizo cha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a hepatitis C, A, B ndi mitundu ina ya chiwindi cha chiwindi ndi zambiri:
- Kuwongolera pa bedi kapena theka la bedi ulamuliro, kulepheretsa ntchito;
- kudya zakudya;
- kumwa mankhwala (mankhwala osokoneza bongo, antioxidants, interferons, enterosorbents, makonzedwe a enzyme, hepatoprotectors, antispasmodics, etc.);
- Nthawi zina - mankhwala opaleshoni (feteleza).
Odwala amawonetsedwa chakudya chamagazi kawirikawiri kupatulapo mankhwala omwe amachititsa kupanga m'mimba m'mimba ndikuyambitsa ntchito ya chiwindi. Ndikofunika kumwa madzi ambiri, kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mchere. Zida zomwe mungagwiritse ntchito:
- nyama zonenepa, nsomba;
- Zakudya za mkaka zochepa;
- dzira loyera;
- masamba owiritsa;
- phokoso;
- makeke a biscuit, mkate wa dzulo.
Choletsedwa:
- nyama yochuluka, zopangira utsi, chakudya chamzitini;
- marinades, pickles;
- chophika;
- chakudya chokazinga;
- yaiwisi yaiwisi, adyo, radish, radish, kabichi;
- chokoleti.
Zaka zaposachedwapa, mankhwala osokoneza bongo omwe ali ndi magulu otchedwa thiopetin, omwe amachititsa kuti maselo amadzipangitse, amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala a tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Mankhwala oterewa akuphatikizapo Glutoxim. Interferon inductors ndi immunomodulator ndizovomerezeka kwambiri pazovuta. Awa ndiwo mankhwala monga:
- Chithunzithunzi;
- Immunophane;
- Polyoxidonium;
- Amiksin ndi ena.
Kupewa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda
Mosasamala kanthu za mtundu wa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, kuteteza kumachokera ku malamulo angapo, kutsata kumene kumachepetsa chiopsezo cha matenda:
- Kumwa madzi owiritsa, kutsukidwa zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba, zakudya zokonzedwa bwino.
- Pewani kukhudzana ndi madzi a thupi la anthu ena (pogwiritsa ntchito zinthu zaukhondo zokha, ma sering'i osayidwa, zida zomangidwira za manicure, kuboola, ndi zina zotero).
- Pewani kucheza ndi anthu ochepa, kugwiritsa ntchito njira zotetezera.
- Katemera motsutsana ndi chiwindi cha hepatitis A ndi B.