Dyslexia - mankhwala

Dyslexia ndi kuphwanya pang'onopang'ono kowerenga, chifukwa cha ntchito zopanda nzeru zapamwamba. Zimadziwonetsera pakupitirizabe zolakwika pamene mukuwerenga ndi kusamvetsetsa kuwerenga. Chiwawa chikhoza kuchitika mwa anthu omwe sakhala ndi vuto lililonse lachinsinsi kapena chitukuko, popanda kumva ndi kuwonongeka. Kawirikawiri ana amene amapezeka kuti ali ndi dyslexia, amasonyeza maluso odabwitsa m'madera ena a ntchito. Ndicho chifukwa chake amatchedwa matenda a okalamba. Asayansi odziwika kwambiri Albert Einstein ndi Thomas Edison anadwala matendawa.

Pali zifukwa ziwiri zomwe zingayambitse dyslexia:

• chibadwidwe
• zizindikiro za ubongo zovuta.

Kawirikawiri makolo a ana omwe ali ndi vutoli amakumbukira zovuta za kuwerengera ali ana, izi zimatsimikizira chiphunzitso chokhudza matenda a matendawa. Kuphatikizanso, ntchito yofananirana ya maubongo onse a ubongo amawonedwa mwa ana.

Chizindikiro cha dyslexia

Icho chimachokera pa njira zosiyanasiyana. Malingana ndi mitundu ya mawonetseredwe ake, amasiyanitsa mawu ndi enieni. Zolemba zenizeni za dyslexia zikhoza kuwonetseredwa mu kulephera kapena zovuta zodziwa makalata. Vesi - m'mavuto a kuwerenga mawu.

Palinso mndandanda wa zovuta zowerengera malingana ndi chigamulo chachikulu. Zitha kukhala zamtundu, zamoto ndi zamoto. Pogwiritsa ntchito mafilimu, kumva kumakhala kosavomerezeka, ngati vuto la opaleshoni limakhala losaoneka bwino, kusakhala kosavuta kumva komanso kufotokozera, pamene kulibe magalimoto, mgwirizano pakati pa zofufuza ndi zojambulazo zimasokonezeka.

Ndiponso, pali magawo a zovuta zowerenga, malingana ndi chikhalidwe cha kuphwanya kwazomwe amagwira ntchito. Potsatira izi, akatswiri oyankhula amalongosola mitundu yotsatira ya dyslexia:

1. Phonemic dyslexia. Fomu iyi ikukhudzana ndi kupititsa patsogolo ntchito za phonemic system. Zimandivuta kuti mwana adziwe zofanana ndi zilembo zomveka zamatope m'mawu (scythe-mbuzi, tom-nyumba). Komanso amadziwika ndi kuwerenga ndi kuwerengera ndi kuvomereza, kutaya kapena kusandutsa makalata.
2. Semantic dyslexia (kuwerenga makina). Zikuwonekera m'mavuto omvetsa zomwe zawerengedwa, ngakhale kuwerenga kuli koyenera. Izi zikhoza kukhala chifukwa chakuti mawu akuwerenga akuwonedwa motalikirana, kunja kwa kugwirizana ndi mawu ena
3. Dyslexia yachinsinsi. Fomu iyi ikuwonetsedwa kuvuta kwa makalata ophunzirira, kusamvetsetsana kumene kalata ikugwirizana ndi phokoso lenileni.
4. Dyslexia Optical. Pali vuto mukumangirira ndi kusanganikirana ndi zilembo zofanana (B-C, G-T).
5. Agramatic dyslexia. Pali chidziwitso cholakwika mwa chiwerengero, chiwerengero ndi chikhalidwe cha mawu ndi mawu.

Kudziwa ngati mwanayo ali ndi chiwerengero cha matendawa akhoza kukhala zaka zisanu. Ngati zilipo, nkofunika kuchita ndondomeko zothandiza kupewa dyslexia. Njira yolondola yophunzirira, kuyang'anira chitukuko cha mwana komanso thandizo la maganizo ndi zachiphunzitso, lolani kupewa kupezeka kwa matendawa.

Ngati mwanayo amasonyeza zizindikiro zonse za dyslexia, m'pofunika kuyamba mankhwala.

Pali mapulogalamu osiyanasiyana ochizira dyslexia. Awa ndi mankhwala osagwiritsidwa ntchito mankhwala omwe cholinga chake ndi kukonza maphunziro ndondomeko. Kumaphatikizapo kuphunzitsidwa ntchito zamaganizo komanso kulimbikitsa luso lowerenga bwino. Ndiponso, zowonekeratu zotsatira za chithandizo cha dyslexia zingapangitse machitidwe olimbitsa. Zochita zimenezi zingakhale zogwirizana ndi kukula kwa phonemic ndi kuona malingaliro, kusanthula zithunzi ndi kaphatikizidwe, kupanga mapangidwe a malo, kufalikira ndi kutsegula mawu.

Choncho, kuchotsedwa kwa matendawa kumafuna kuti munthu asamalidwe mosiyana. Njira yothetseratu imachokera ku mkhalidwe wa mavuto, ziwonetsero za mavuto ndi njira zawo.