Osati maluwa onse amadziwika ndi mankhwala onse ochiritsira. Ngati mumadziwa za phulusa ndi anyezi ambiri, ndiye zomwe zimafunika kuti fodya ndi momwe angazigwiritsire ntchito sizidziwika kwa aliyense.
Fumbi la fodya ndi kukonzekera kofiira, komwe kumapangidwa kuchokera ku zinyalala zopangidwa ndi mafakitale a fodya. Amagulitsidwa kale mu matumba a polyethylene olemera 260 g ndi matumba a mapepala olemera makilogalamu imodzi.
Fumbi la fodya m'munda ndi m'minda:
- monga feteleza;
- monga chitetezo ku tizirombo.
Kugwiritsa ntchito fodya fumbi m'munda monga feteleza
Fumbi la fodya lili ndi nayitrogeni 2-5%, peresenti ya 1-3 peresenti, 1-2% ya phosphorous, motero kumachepetsa zakudya za zomera ndi kuwonjezereka kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Fumbi la fodya limatsanulidwira m'nthaka m'nyengo yam'masika ndi yophukira asanayambe kukumba. Izi zimapangitsa zokolola za mbewu ndi mabulosi ndi zamasamba 40% komanso zimapangitsa kuti zinthu zizikhala bwino.
Ntchito:
- pamene mukumba nthaka, gwiritsani ntchito 2 - 4 g / m2;
- mutabzala mitengo ndi zitsamba, zimaphimba makilogalamu 0,5 pa 1 kubzala dzenje;
- pamene kuyala udzu ndikugona mabedi amtundu wa fodya akuphatikizidwa ndi dothi la pamwamba, kuthirira madzi, ndiyeno mbeu imayendetsedwa;
- Mukamabzala maluwa mu miphika kusakaniza ndi turf ndi mchenga mu chiŵerengero cha 1: 1: 1;
- monga fetereza wamkulu amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa mlingo wa 40 g / m2 kamodzi mu zaka zitatu.
Momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito fumbi fodya ku tizirombo?
Mu fodya fumbi, mpaka 1 peresenti ya chikonga ilipo, yomwe imakhala njira yowonetsera tizilombo panthawi ya kukula kwa zomera. Fumbi la fodya limagwiritsidwa ntchito ku bokosi, ku nsabwe za m'masamba, ku nyerere, ku utitiri, kuchokera ku tsamba lofiira masamba ndi tizirombo tina kuteteza kabichi, fodya, zipatso ndi mabulosi ndi maluwa.
Pofuna kuteteza tizirombo, fumbi fodya imagwiritsidwa ntchito monga:
- pollin . Kuwononga: Zomera zimapukutidwa ndi fumbi ya fodya mu mawonekedwe abwino kapena osakaniza ndi laimu kapena phulusa mu chiŵerengero (1: 1). Mlingo wa ntchito yofufumitsa ndi 10-20 g / m2;
- Kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi kulowetsedwa kapena decoction . Kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa: 2-3 pa tsiku ndi nthawi ya masiku asanu ndi asanu ndi atatu. Kukonzekera kwa nthawiyi: fumbi la fodya la 400g kuti likhale ndi maola 24 mu ndowa, nthawi zina kusanganikirana. Kenaka muzitha kupyolera m'madzi awiri, sungani madzi (1: 2) ndi kuwonjezera pa malita 10 a yankho la 50 g sopo. Kulowetsedwa kuyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mwamsanga mutangokonzekera. Kukonzekera msuzi: 1 gawo la fumbi la fodya kuthira madzi 10 ndi kuwiritsa kwa mphindi 30, kuwonjezera madzi. The chifukwa msuzi kuteteza tsiku ndi fyuluta. Kuthira zomera, kuchepetsa msuzi ndi madzi (1: 3) ndi kuwonjezera 10 magalamu a 40 g sopo 10 malita;
- fumigation ndi utsi . Kuwombera: mu chidebe kuti awononge zinyalala ndipo, pamene akuwotchera pang'ono, kuchokera pamwamba amathira fumbi la fodya pamtunda wa 2-4kg pa 100m2. Kutsindika kumafunika kupitilira kwa mphindi 30.
Kugwiritsa ntchito bwino fodya kuchokera ku tizirombo zotere:
- kuchokera utitiri mungu wochokera 2-3 nthawi iliyonse masiku 45;
- kuchokera ku anyezi ndi ntchentche ya kabichi ndi anyezi a burbot pollinate pafupi ndi mizu ya mchenga pamtunda wa 10 g / m2 kamodzi pachiyambi cha chilimwe, nthawi yachiwiri - pamapeto;
- motsutsana ndi slugs ndi nyerere zimatulutsa nthaka kuchokera ku mawerengedwe a 20-25 g / m2;
- Kuyambira pachimake, mitengo yamtengo wapatali imayambidwa panthawi ya mphukira kapena kuphulika kwa munda wamtunduwu usiku madzulo;
- Kuchokera ku nsabwe za m'masamba kutsanulira kapena kugwiritsa ntchito fodya kapena kulowetsedwa kwa fodya, ngati kuli kotheka, kubwezeretsanso pambuyo pa masiku 7-10, nambala ya nsabwe za m'masamba imachepa ndi 12;
- Kuchokera ku njere ya jamu ndi kachilomboka kabuloni kamatulutsidwa ndi kulowetsedwa panthawi ya Mphukira ikuphulika;
- Kuchokera kwa akangaude, koyamba kupopera mbewu kumapezeka pamene tizilombo tomwe timapezeka, kachiwiri pambuyo pa sabata.
Mukamagwira ntchito ndi fodya, nthawi zonse muzigwiritsa ntchito chovala cha thonje-gauze ndi magolovesi a mphira. Ngati fumbi likufiira khungu ndi mitsempha ya pakamwa kapena maso, tsambani bwino ndi madzi ambiri oyera.