Inde, aliyense amadziwa zomwe anyezi wamba amawoneka ngati. Koma ndi yankho la funso lakuti "Kodi shallot ndi chiyani?" Ambiri a ife timavutika kuti tiyankhe. Ndipo komabe utawu ndi wotchuka kwambiri m'dziko lathu komanso kunja. M'dera la Ukraine, shallots amadziwika kuti "kuschevka", mu kukula kwa Russia monga "banja", ndipo pansi pa dzina lakuti "shallots" amadziwa izo ku Ulaya. Pa kulima shallots kuchokera ku mbewu ndi zofunikira za njira zake zaulimi ndipo tidzakambirana m'nkhani yathu.
Zosiyanasiyana za shallots
Shallot ndi gulu la anyezi ambiri. Kuyambira nthawi zambiri anyezi, amasiyanitsa ndi kuthekera kupanga kuchokera babu amodzi mwana wamkazi. Malinga ndi zosiyanasiyana, mababu a shallots ali ndi mtundu wosiyana ndi mawonekedwe. Ambiri otchuka ndi mitundu ya shallots:
- Chapaevsky;
- Sprint;
- Kunak;
- Kushchevka Kharkov;
- Albert;
- Aristarko;
- Asterisk;
- Nthawi yopuma.
Kulima kwa shallots ndi kuwasamalira
Kulima kwa shallots kungakwaniritsidwe m'njira ziwiri: kuchokera ku mbewu ndi mababu. Polima anyezi (vegetatively), chigamba cha shallots chimakonzedwa m'dzinja, ndikubzala kumayambiriro kasupe, pokhala ndikuchirikiza zokolola kwa nthawi yayitali m'madzi ofunda. Kwa kubzala, mababu aang'ono (mpaka mamita 4 cm) amasankhidwa ndikukankhidwa pansi momwe khosi limangokhala pamwamba. Kubzala shallots kumapangidwa molingana ndi chiwembu 10 * 20: 10 cm pakati pa mababu ndi 20 cm pakati pa mizere.
Kuchokera ku mbewu, shallots amakula motere: amafesa mbewu mu groove pafupifupi 3 cm yakuya, atakhala nawo patsogolo pa maola 48 mu thumba la gauze wothira m'madzi. Pambuyo pofesa mbewu zowalidwa ziyenera kufalitsidwa ndi kompositi kapena peat.
Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti kukula kwa shallots vegetatively ndi kosavuta komanso kosavuta, monga utawu ukuwonetseratu bwino, ndipo nthawi zambiri mbewu sizikhala ndi nthawi yoti zipse. Bedi la shallots liyenera kusankhidwa pa chiwembu cha dzuwa ndi nthaka yosakhwima ndi yachonde. Okonzeratu zabwino kwambiri pa shallot adzakhala zamasamba: nandolo, nyemba, nyemba, ndi mnzako wabwino - kaloti . Pa malo osankhidwa, bedi losungirako bwinja silingagwiritsidwe kawiri kawiri kamodzi pakatha zaka zinayi kusunga malamulo oyendetsera mbewu.
Maziko a agronomy a shallots
Pokambirana ndi momwe mungabzalitsire shallots, tiyeni tipitilire momwe tingasamalirire. Kusamalira utawu kumaphatikizapo ntchito zonsezi: Kupalira, kuthirira, kumasula nthaka. Kuthirira anyezi ndi kofunikira ngati n'kofunikira, kuti nthaka ikhale yothira, koma osati yodzaza. Masabata anayi isanafike, mbeuyi iyenera kuyimitsidwa.
Kuwonjezera kuthirira, shallots amafunikanso supplementation, makamaka ngati atabzalidwa pa nthaka yochepetsetsa. Manyowa mutatha kukula masamba, kubweretsa pansi nayitrogeni feteleza: urea, slurry. Panthawi yopanga shallots, ndi kotheka kudyetsa ndi jekeseni wa fetashi fetereza m'nthaka.
Kuti mukhale ndi mababu akuluakulu, pakati pa chilimwe, mbali ya anyezi yomwe idachotsedwa pa chisa imachotsedwa, ikasiya zidutswa zazikulu zokha (zidutswa 5-6). Chitani izi motere: Pang'onopang'ono mutenge pansi ndikuchotsamo pang'ono anyezi ndi cholembera. Kuwonjezera pa kukula kunja, shallots ndi abwino komanso kubzala
Shallots - matenda ndi tizirombo
Kwa nthawi yaitali kuzizira ndi mvula, shallots angadwale matenda a fungal: peronosporosa ndi kuvunda kwa chiberekero. Pofuna kuteteza matendawa kuti asawononge bedi lonse, zomera zomwe zakhudzidwa ziyenera kuchotsedwa ndipo mabedi amathandizidwa ndi anttifungal agents. Limbani ndi anyezi kuuluka ndi phulusa, komanso kuchokera ku mphutsi za masamba, shallots akhoza kupulumutsidwa pogwiritsa ntchito yankho la mchere (1 galasi la mchere pa chidebe 1 cha madzi).