Mawu omveka ndi osamvetsetseka kwa ambiri, omwe amatanthauzira kumasuliridwa kuti "obscurantism" ndipo amatembenuzidwa kuchokera ku Chilatini monga "kusunga". Ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito kumbali zosiyanasiyana za moyo, kuyambira ndi chipembedzo ndi kutha ndi boma.
Kodi ichi chimachitika bwanji?
Malingaliro amalingaliro, opangidwa ndi malingaliro odana ndi sayansi, chikhalidwe ndi ufulu waumwini, akutchedwa obscurantism. Monga kuyendetsedwa kwadongosolo, kunawonekera panthawi yomwe chiyambi cha sayansi ndi chitukuko chitukuko. Anthu ambiri, pofotokoza kuti izi ndizomwe zikuchitika, amalankhula za kupembedza ziwanda. Izi zamakono zimachokera pamalingaliro angapo:
- kuipa kwa kuphunzitsa chiwerengero chachikulu cha anthu;
- chiwonongeko cha sayansi ndi zamakono kusintha;
- kutsutsa kusintha kulikonse komwe kuli cholinga chowonjezera ufulu waumwini.
Mdima ndi umbuli
Komabe zomvetsa chisoni zingamveke, koma obscurantism ndi kusadziwa ndizo zigawo za anthu amasiku ano, zomwe, zedi, ziri zolakwika. Tikayerekezera zofuna za anthu amakono ndi omwe adakhala m'ma 60 ndi 70, kusiyana kuli kosiyana. Obscurantism inachititsa kuti anthu asiye kuyesera kuti aphunzire (thupi, mbiri, masamu), akukhulupirira kuti uku ndikutaya nthawi ndipo mukhoza kupeza ndalama popanda izo. Kulimbana ndi munthu wodalirika o sikophweka. Chimene chidzatsogolera ku chikhalidwe ichi sichikudziwika, koma chiyembekezo, mwatsoka, ndi chokhumudwitsa.
Pusudoscience ndi obscurantism
Posachedwa, maulendo osiyanasiyana a nyenyezi, njira zogwirira ntchito ndi mphamvu, telekinesis ndi njira zina zimakonda kwambiri, zomwe ziribe umboni wotsimikiziridwa, ngakhale kuti pali zolephera mwa iwo. Zonse izi ndi pseudoscience, zomwe ndi chitsanzo cha zosakhala zachipembedzo obscurantism. Izi zikufotokozedwa ndi mfundo yakuti sayansi imasonyeza kuti nthawi zambiri zimakhala zosagwirizana ndi njira zatsopano zowonjezereka ndipo zifukwa zoterezi zimakhala zochititsa chidwi ndi obscurantism.
Orthodox obscurantism
Kugwirizana kwa chipembedzo ndi obscurantism kumaonekera kuyambira pachiyambi cha kukula kwa lingaliro laumunthu. Kupeza zomwe obscurantism zimatanthauza muzochitika zachipembedzo, ndi bwino kuzindikira kuti munthu ali ndi khalidwe loyenera, chifukwa ntchito yawo ndikuteteza khalidwe la anthu. Chipembedzo cha obscurantism chimawonetsedwa molakwika ndi zatsopano. Ansembe amanena kuti anthu ayenera kutsatira malamulo onse a tchalitchi, kupita ku tchalitchi nthawi zonse, kutsatira zoletsa ndi zina zotero.
Nthawi zina chipembedzo chimakupatsani mpumulo ndipo monga chitsanzo mungathe kubweretsa intaneti, yomwe mpaka lero tchalitchi chimatcha mawonetseredwe a satana, koma patapita kanthawi malingalirowa adakonzedwanso komanso maofesi osiyanasiyana a ma diocese, maperishi ndi zina zotero zikuwonekera pa intaneti. M'zinthu zina obscurantism imasungidwabe. Tiyenera kuzindikira kuti sizowonekera mu Orthodoxy chabe, komanso mu zipembedzo zina.
Boma obscurantism
N'zomvetsa chisoni kunena zoona, koma anthu omwe ali pa maudindo a boma amayesetsa kuti anthu asayambe kupanga mavuto. Boma obscurantism likuwonekera pakuchotsa mavuto omwe alipo kale mu sayansi, chikhalidwe, maphunziro, ndi zina zotero. Pali mndandanda wa njira zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito obscurantism:
- kutsanzira zochitika za sayansi;
- kulengedwa kwa malemba oletsedwa;
- kusokoneza maganizo kwa anthu;
- kugwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana;
- mapangidwe a midzi yamisika;
- chiwonongeko cha anthu aluso ndi anzeru;
- kuchotsa otsutsa.
Kodi mungatani kuti musamachite zinthu zosayenera?
Chifukwa cha kufalikira kwa obscurantism m'mbali zosiyanasiyana za moyo, sikukhala kovuta kuthetsa. Kulimbana ndi obscurantism kumaphatikizapo zochita zingapo, koma ziyenera kukumbukira kuti sizimveka nthawi zonse.
- Kuthandizani anthu kuti mukambirane poyera za mavuto omwe alipo.
- Kuletsa kuletsa kupanga zosankha zofunika payekha.
- Kufalitsa mwatsatanetsatane mfundo ndi kusonyeza kusowa kwa maphunziro ndi kudzikonda kwa anthu omwe akutsutsa patsogolo.
- Kugonjetsa obscurantism yamakono ndi kotheka ngati kufalitsa sayansi mwabwino, zomwe zingathandize kuthetsa umbuli umene uliko.
- Kutsutsidwa chifukwa chosowa chikhalidwe ndi chigawenga, chomwe chiri maziko a chitukuko cha obscurantism.
- Thandizani ndi kulimbikitsa ufulu wa chilengedwe, kuphatikizapo sayansi.