Kodi mumadziwa mtundu wanu wa magazi? Ayi, koma pachabe. Chizindikiro ichi chiyenera kudziwika kwa munthu aliyense kuyambira ali wamng'ono, monga dzina lawo lomaliza, dzina loyamba ndi adiresi ya kwawo. Mukufunsa, bwanji? Chabwino, mu moyo zonse zimachitika. Mwachitsanzo, ngozi pa msewu, munthu amene wataya magazi ambiri, madokotala "ambulansi" afunseni amene ali ndi mtundu wotere wa magazi, thandizo. Ngati muli pafupi, mukudziwa gulu lanu, simukuyankha? Ndipo ngati simukudziwa, mudzavutika ndi kupanda mphamvu. Kapena mmodzi mwa achibalewo adzakhala ndi opaleshoni, ndipo kuikidwa magazi kumafunika, ndipo simukudziwa ngati ndinu woyenera wopereka kapena ayi. Koma ndi angati omwe alipo, ndizochitika zotani. Choncho chidziwitso n'chofunika kwambiri. Ndipo, mungapeze bwanji komanso kuti mungapeze bwanji mtundu wanu wamagazi, tikambirane nkhaniyi.
Mwazi umaphatikizapo chiyani?
Koma musanayambe kumvetsa ndondomeko yodziwa mtundu wa magazi ndi Rh factor, tiyeni tiyankhule za zomwe zimapangidwa. Choncho, mbali zikuluzikulu za magazi ndi madzi a m'madzi ndi zowonjezera. Plasma - ichi ndi chigawo cha magazi, chomwe chimapangitsa kukhala madzi ndi kulola kufalikira mu thupi lathu lonse. Mwa njira, kawirikawiri magazi ndi owopsa kusiyana ndi madzi kokha, ndipo mwa anthu omwe amakhala ndi matenda a atherosclerosis ndi thrombophlebitis, pa khumi. Zopangidwe zopangidwa ndi maselo ofiira a magazi - erythrocytes, maselo oyera a magazi - leukocyte ndi zilonda zotseka - mapulateletti. Gulu la magazi ndi Rh factor likuyambidwa ndi yoyamba. Zimadziwika kuti pamwamba pa erythrocyte pali antigen yotchedwa aglutinogens, yomwe imagawidwa m'magulu awiri "A" ndi "B". Ndipo seramu ili ndi antibodies yotchedwa agglutinins. Iwo, nawonso, agawanika m'magulu awiri, "alpha" ndi "beta." Mu labotale kusanganikirana kwa zitsanzo zosiyana wina ndi mzake pa zomwe iwo akuchita ndipo zimatulukira gulu lomwe liri la mmodzi kapena wina wa iwo. Tanthauzo limeneli la gulu la magazi limatchedwa kuphunzira kwa ABO. Tsopano akudziwika kuti pali magulu oposa 1.5 miliyoni osiyana ndi munthu aliyense payekha. Komabe, gululi limakhala ndi magulu anayi, mkati mwake pakhoza kukhala Rh positive kapena yoipa factor. Ndipo woyamba, monga ulamuliro, amalamulira. Mwachitsanzo, ngati mmodzi wa makolo ali ndi gulu langa ndi Rh factor "+" ndipo ena ali ofanana, koma ndi Rh chinthu "-", ndiye kuti mwanayo akhoza kukhala ndi Rh factor. Ichi ndi chifukwa china chomwe muyenera kudziwa zizindikiro zanu. Chabwino, tsopano tiyeni tipite kuti tipeze momwe mungapezere kapena kumene mungapeze kapena kudziwa mtundu wanu wa magazi ndi Rh factor.
Kodi ndi njira yani yodziŵira gulu la magazi?
Inde, mu labotale, zambiri, mwatsoka, palibe. Ena osankhidwa apadera si oyenera pa izi. Ingobwera kwa wodwala wam'deralo ndikumufotokozere zakukhumba kwanu. Dokotala ndi wokondwa kupita kumsonkhano wanu, chifukwa anthu omwe amasamala za thanzi lawo, osati kwenikweni ndi zambiri. Mutalandira kulandizidwa, inu m'mawa pa chopanda kanthu m'mimba pamsana ndi kafukufuku wa magazi kuchokera kwa chala kapena kuchokera ku mitsempha. Ndiye magazi amatumizidwa ku labotale, kumene kugwiritsidwa ntchito kosavuta kumapangidwira.
Kachilombo kamene kamateteza mthupi
Pano pali momwe mungadziwire kuti ndi mtundu uti wamagazi womwe muli nawo, pogwiritsa ntchito zosavuta. Wothandizira a labotolo pamapulati apamwamba ndi pensulo ya sera amapanga manambala asanu ndi atatu ndipo Rh amachititsa chimodzimodzi. Komanso, malinga ndi zolemba izi, amaika seramu pafupi ndi aliyense wa iwo, omwe amawonjezeredwa pang'ono ndi mwazi pofufuza wodwalayo. Pomwe gulu ndi Rh chiwerengero cha wodwala komanso serum ikugwirizana, agglutination zidzachitika. Ndiko kuti, antigen kuchokera ku seramu idzaphatikiza ndi wodwalayo kuchokera magazi a wodwalayo, ndipo mchenga udzathamangira. Zikuwoneka kuti zotsatirazi zidzakhala maminiti asanu mutayesedwa. Kwachindunji, zotsatira zake mu labotale ya sayansi imatsimikiziridwa ndi mtanda. Zimatanthauzira kufotokozera ndi kufotokozera mbali ya Rhesus. Kuti muchite izi, tengani miyezo ya magulu a I "a" ndi 2 "b" ndikuwonjezera magazi kwa iwo kuchokera pa kusanthula wodwalayo. Pambuyo pa mphindi zisanu, zotsatirazo ziwonetseratu mtundu wa Rh chomwe muli nacho.
Apa ndi momwe mungapezere gulu lanu ndi Rh factor ya magazi. Chidziwitso chokhudza deta imeneyi nthawi zambiri chimayikidwa pa pasipoti, chifukwa ndilo buku lodalirika komanso lofunika kwambiri kwa munthu. Pa magulu a magazi tsopano, samalirani ndi kukhala bwino.