Kudzudzula ndi chinthu chomwe chingapewe mosavuta popanda kunena chirichonse, kuchita kanthu ndi kukhalabe munthu. Izi zinafotokozedwa mwachidule ndi Aristotle m'masiku ake akale. Izi ndizo, kutsutsa, ndizofanana ndi ndale - ngati simudzinyoza, ndiye kuti wina adzakutsutsani. Tsiku ndi tsiku anthu amapeza maonekedwe a malingaliro komanso kuyesa zotsatira zake osati zochita zawo zokha.
Kudzudzula - ndi chiyani?
Kawirikawiri mumatha kumva - "Sindimatsutsa pa adiresi yanga" kapena "wotsutsa uyu adayamika filimuyi povomereza." Ndipo mau ena ambiri omwe mawu otsutsa amachokera ku Chigiriki chakale. Kritikos kuchokera ku Agiriki ankatanthauza "luso loti asokoneze". Kudzudzula ndi:
- Kupanga chiweruzo pa zoyenera za chinachake.
- Kuletsa, kulakwitsa kufufuza.
- Kujambula ndi kufufuza ntchito zamakono.
Wotsutsa ndani?
Wotsutsa si munthu yekha yemwe amaweruza ndi kuyesa, ndichinthu chapadera. Wotsutsa akatswiri amafufuza ntchito za luso:
- cholemba;
- nyimbo;
- chiwonetsero;
- chithunzi;
- zojambulajambula.
Kwa iye kutsutsa izi zikuyeza zonse - kulingalira njira zosamutsira zinthu, kuti aone momwe wolembayo anakhozera kukwaniritsira cholinga chake, kaya ndalama zosankhidwa zili zolondola. Wotsutsa wabwino ali ndi phunziro lomwe iye amawamasulira. Wotsutsa mbiri yodziwika ndi chikhalidwe ndi filosofi Friedrich Nietzsche. Iye analemba nkhani zovuta zokhudzana ndi chipembedzo, makhalidwe abwino, zojambula zamakono ndi sayansi.
Kudzudzula - Psychology
Kudzudzula mu psychology ndi nkhani yaikulu. Psychology ikuyang'ana zokhudzidwa ndi zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi kutsutsidwa. Akatswiri a zamaganizo amakondwera ndi:
- Zofuna zomwe anthu amadzudzula.
- Mphamvu yomwe otsutsa ali nayo pa anthu.
- Kodi anthu amachitanji akamatsutsidwa ndipo amathana nawo bwanji?
- Maonekedwe a kutsutsidwa.
- Kukana kutsutsidwa.
Kwa akatswiri a zamaganizo, otsutsa ndi mawonekedwe a ego otetezedwa. Iwo adapeza kuti anthu omwe amakonda kuyesa ena nthawi zambiri amatsutsidwa muubwana wawo, pamene izi zimapweteka kwambiri. Ana osapitirira zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri mu mawu oti "ndinu mnyamata wabwino, koma ndi khalidwe loipa" onani gawo lachiwiri chabe. Kutsutsidwa kulikonse, ngakhale wofatsa kwambiri, kumatanthauza kuti mwanayo ndi woipa komanso wosayenera.
Kodi kutsutsa ndi zabwino kapena zoipa?
Kudzudzula kuli bwino ngati muli ndi malingaliro abwino. Uwu ndiwo umoyo wofunika kwambiri. Aliyense amatsutsidwa, ndipo nthawi zina - akatswiri. Nthawi zina zimakhala zovuta kuvomereza, koma zonse zimadalira zomwe zimachitika. Mungathe kugwiritsa ntchito kutsutsa:
- mwa njira yabwino, yomwe imabweretsa kusintha;
- zoipa, zomwe zimachepetsa kudzidalira komanso zimayambitsa kupanikizika, mkwiyo kapena ngakhale nkhanza.
Ndiko kutsutsidwa kotani komwe kulipo?
Pali mitundu yambiri yotsutsa. Zimasiyana malinga ndi momwe amagwiritsira ntchito, momwe amachitira ndi zomwe amadziŵa, ndi zolinga zawo. Kudzudzula kumachitika:
- Kusangalatsa . Za kukongola ndi uve, kulawa ndi kulawa koipa, kalembedwe ndi mafashoni, ntchito komanso ntchito.
- Zolingalira . Pa lingaliro, mtsutso, zochita kapena mkhalidwe umene ulibe tanthawuzo labwino.
- Zenizeni . Chifukwa chosowa umboni wokwanira.
- Zabwino . Zochita zabwino koma zosasamala. Kawirikawiri anthu amangoona mbali yolakwika chabe ya chinachake, kotero pali chosowa chotsindika zomwe zili zabwino. Kaŵirikaŵiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pofuna kudziletsa ndi kulungamitsidwa.
- Zoipa . Zomwe ziri zolakwika ndi zopanda pake. Zimasonyeza kusayenerera, kusagwirizana ndi kutsindika zolephera. Nthawi zambiri amatanthauziridwa ngati kuukira.
- Zothandiza . Zotsatira zothandiza.
- Zopeka . Pa tanthauzo la malingaliro omwe machitidwe amachokera.
Pali mitundu yambiri ya kutsutsa: ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri pazochitika zonse za moyo waumunthu. Koma mitundu iŵiri yotchuka kwambiri ndi kutsutsa kokondweretsa ndi kuwononga. Inde, mosasamala kanthu za kuchuluka kwake kwa kutsutsidwa kunalibe, iwo onse angagawidwe mu "misasa" iwiriyi. Kusiyana pakati pa kutsutsa kokondweretsa ndi kuwononga kuli momwe njirayi ikufotokozera.
Kutsutsa kokhazikika
Kutsutsa kokhazikika kumapangidwira kuzindikira zolakwa ndi chithandizo chomwe, komanso momwe mungakonzere. Iyenera kuonedwa kuti ndiwothandiza. Pamene kutsutsidwa kumakhala kolimbikitsa, nthawi zambiri zimakhala zosavuta kulandira, ngakhale zitakhala zokhumudwitsa pang'ono. Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti zingagwiritsidwe ntchito phindu lanu. Choncho, kulola kupita kutsutsa pa adiresi ya munthu, ndi bwino kulingalira za phindu lomwe lidzabweretse. Malamulo a kutsutsa kokwanira:
- Tsatirani njira ya "sandwich": kutsindika koyamba pa mphamvu, ndiye - zoperewera, ndi kumapeto - kubwereza kwa phindu ndi zotsatira zabwino zotsatira zothetsa chiopsezo.
- Ganizirani za mkhalidwe, osati umunthu wa munthuyo .
- Tchulani ndemanga.
- Perekani malangizo pa momwe mungapangire bwino.
- Pewani kunyoza.
Kutsutsa kovulaza
Kutsutsa kovulaza kumakhudza kunyada komanso kumakhudza kukhudzidwa, kudziletsa. Kutsutsa kovulaza nthawi zina kumangokhala chinthu chopanda nzeru cha munthu wina, koma kungakhalenso choipa mwadala, ndipo nthawi zina kumayambitsa mkwiyo ndi nkhanza. Mitundu ya kutsutsa koononga:
- Nyama . Wotsutsa samavomereza kuti akhoza kulakwitsa.
- The Nebula . Kufufuza kumaperekedwa popanda chodziwika.
- Zosayenera . Zokambirana sizothandiza.
- Kusamvera . Kufotokozera ziweruzo mwanjira yovuta.
- Zovuta . Popanda zitsanzo ndi zifukwa.
- Makhalidwe . Osavomereza njira zina zowonera.
Kodi mungatsutse bwanji?
Pali mitundu iwiri ya khalidwe loipa:
- Munthu amalingalira bwino zomwe zimapindulitsa ndi zowonongeka, kenako amapanga mapeto.
- Wotsutsa amapereka chiweruzo chochokera m'malingaliro.
Otsatirawa nthawi zambiri amagwirizanitsidwa ndi nkhanza. Kudzudzula pa nkhaniyi kumachokera mukumverera kwa mumtima kusakhutira ndi kuyesayesa kopitiriza kulikaniza. Munthu wokonda kukhala ndi "maganizo" amatsutsa, amayesa kuonjezera kudzidalira potsutsa phindu la munthu wina. Kudzudzula kotereku kumadalira kudzikweza ndipo ndi "wakupha" wa chiyanjano.
Lamulo la golidi, limene akatswiri a zamaganizo amalimbikitsa kuti amvere - "Lemekeza munthuyo. Ganizirani kutsutsa pa khalidwe limene liyenera kusinthidwa - pa zomwe anthu amachita ndi kunenadi . " Mulimonsemo, ziribe kanthu kuti akutsutsidwa bwanji, kukumbukira kuti zingakhale zothandiza kwambiri ngati mukukumbukira:
- Kudzudzula ndi njira yolankhulirana. Kulandira kutsutsidwa, mumalandira yankho, ndipo muli nawo mwayi wopindula bwino.
- Malingaliro amakuthandizani kuti mukhale bwino. Ngati nthawizonse mumaganiza kuti ndinu wolondola, popanda kupeza yankho kwa wina aliyense, mumadziwa bwanji kuti ndizoona?
- Kutsutsidwa koyenera kumapindulitsa. Makamaka zimakhudzana ndi dera la akatswiri, ngati wogula amatha kunena zomwe zili bwino kapena ntchito yomwe akufuna.
- Ndikofunika kuyankha kutsutsa molondola - chinenero ndi chofunika kwambiri. Ndibwino kuti musamakangane.
- Osati kutsutsa, ngakhale kuwoneka ngati wopanda chilungamo, pafupi ndi mtima.