Ma leukocyte m'magazi, omwe nthawi zambiri amakhazikitsidwa ndi asayansi, ndi maselo oyera a m'magazi popanda kujambula mitundu. Ntchito yawo yaikulu ndikuteteza. Leukocyte amathandizira kuteteza thupi kuchoka ku mitundu yonse yakunja ndi yakunja, ndipo kusintha chiwerengero chawo kungawononge zotsatira zovuta kwambiri.
Kodi maselo oyera ndi otani?
Pafupifupi aliyense ali ndi lingaliro la maselo a magazi awa. Ma leukocyte m'magazi, omwe chikhalidwe chawo chimasiyana ndi zaka, ndiwo maselo ofunikira kwambiri m'thupi. Ntchito yawo yaikulu ndi kuteteza thupi kuchokera kuntchito ndi kunja. Sungani thupi osati kudzera m'magazi. Amatha kupyola m'makoma a mitsempha kukhala ziwalo ndi ziwalo. Ndiyeno bwererani ku kanjira. Komwe leukocyte m'magazi amasonyeza ngozi, amapita ku malo abwino. Kusunthira pa ziphuphu zomwe zimathandizidwa ndi ziphuphu.
Ma leukocyte m'magazi, omwe amadziŵika ndi akatswiri onse, amagwira maselo omwe angathe kukhala oopsa, amawagaya ndikufa. Kuphatikiza pa chiwonongeko cha mitundu ya alendo, zofiira zoyera zimagwiritsa ntchito mitundu yonse yosafunikira (monga tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kapena maselo oyera). Ntchito ina ya maselo amenewa ingatengedwe kuti ikupanga ma antibodies kwa zinthu zamagulu, chifukwa cha kukana komwe kumayambitsa matenda osiyanasiyana - zomwe munthuyo adayambapo.
Pali ma lekocyte osiyana m'magazi, omwe nthawi zambiri amatha kudziwika ndi kuphunzira. Ndipo ntchito zawo ndi zosiyana:
- Neutrophils. Iwo amapangidwa mu fupa la fupa. Ntchito zazikuluzikulu za matupi amenewa ndi kutenga nawo mbali pa phagocytosis, chitukuko cha zinthu zowonongeka ndi mankhwala.
- Lymphocytes. Ma leukocyte ofunika kwambiri m'magazi ndi machitidwe awo ndi ofunikira kuti thupi liziyenda bwino. Amayang'anitsitsa nthawi zonse machitidwe ndi ziwalo ndikuyang'ana matupi achilendo. Maselo amenewa amakhala pafupifupi 35 peresenti ya lekocyte yonse.
- Monocytes. Amachita m'thupi lonse. N'zotheka kutenga ma particles ofanana kukula.
- Basophils. Matupi amenewa ali ndi heparin ndi histamine. Ma Basophil amathandizidwa pakukula kwa chifuwa.
- Eosinophils. Onetsani nawo mbali pakukonzekera kwanu. Pamaso pa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda m'thupi, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timalowa m'kati mwa matumbo, timawonongeka mmenemo ndipo timatulutsa poizoni omwe angathe kuwononga helminths.
Chizolowezi cha leukocyte m'magazi
Zizolowezi zachilendo kwa odwala osiyana zimasiyana. Zamkati mwa leukocyte m'magazi zimakhudza zaka, nthawi ya tsiku, zakudya, mtundu wa ntchito. Pofufuza, msinkhu wa matupi oyera umasonyezedwa ndi chiwerengero cha maselo a chitetezo. Zolakwika zazikulu zochokera ku chizolowezi zimaloledwa. Koma kuti zitsimikizire kuti izi sizikutanthauza vuto lililonse, ndibwino kuti muyambe kufufuza.
Chizoloŵezi cha leukocyte m'magazi a akazi
Chiwerengero cha matupi oyera ndi chimodzi mwa zizindikiro zofunika kwambiri pakufufuza magazi. Mu thupi la leukocyte wamkulu wamkazi ayenera kukhala kuchokera 3.2 * 109 / L mpaka 10.2 * 109 / L. Kusintha kwa maselo a chitetezo cha mthupi kumapezeka m'magulu awiri: mu matenda a magazi ndi majekeseni opanga magazi komanso m'magulu ena a ziwalo. Chiwerengero cha zimbudzi zimakhudzidwa ndi gawo la kusamba ndi mahomoni. Chifukwa leukocyte m'magazi pamene ali ndi mimba imalumphira, ndipo chizoloŵezichi chimaganiziridwa, ngati msinkhu wawo ufikira 15 * 109 / l.
Chizolowezi cha leukocyte m'magazi a anthu
Kwa oimira za kugonana mwamphamvu m'magazi ayenera kukhala kuyambira 4 mpaka 9 * 109 / L a maselo oyera. Mmene thupi lawo limakhalira limasiyana pang'ono poyerekezera ndi magulu ena odwala. Chiwerengero cha leukocyte m'magazi chingakhudzidwe ndi zinthu izi:
- zochitika zosazolowereka;
- chisokonezo;
- kusintha zakudya.
Chizolowezi cha leukocyte m'magazi a ana
Ngati mthupi la akulu chiwerengero cha matupi oyera ndi ofanana, ndiye maselo oyera m'magazi a mwanayo amasiyana kwambiri. Mawo awo amasinthasintha ngakhale malingana ndi zaka za ana:
- kwa ana mpaka mwezi: 8 - 13 * 109 / l;
- mwa ana ochokera miyezi 2 mpaka 12: 6 - 12 * 109 / l;
- kwa ana kuyambira chaka chimodzi kufikira zaka zitatu: 5 - 12 * 109 / l;
- kwa ana kuyambira 3 mpaka 6: 5 - 10 * 109 / l;
- kwa ana kuyambira zaka 6 mpaka 16: 5 - 9.5 * 109 / l.
Zowonjezera za maselo a chitetezo cha thupi zimatanthauzidwa ndi mfundo yakuti kuchuluka kwa njira zosiyanasiyana kumachitika mu thupi la mwanayo. Ziwalo zonse ndi machitidwe a mwanayo amamangidwanso ndipo amasinthidwa kukhala moyo kunja kwa mimba ya mayi. Kuphatikiza apo, mapangidwe a chitetezo cha mthupi, omwe amachititsa kuwonjezeka kwa leukocyte m'magazi. Pamene akukula, msinkhu wawo umatsika. Izi zikachitika, zimatanthawuza kuti chitetezo cha mthupi chimalimbitsa.
Ma leukocyte m'magazi ali okwera
Matenda a leukocytosis amatha kuchitika m'thupi lililonse, ndipo izi sizikuimira kuopsa kwa thanzi. Kawirikawiri leukocyte yakwezeka m'magazi amawonedwa m'mikhalidwe yovuta. Iyi ndi leukocytosis ya kanthaŵi kochepa, ndipo munthu akadzabwerera kudziko la mpumulo, chiwerengero cha mitu yoyera imabweranso kwachibadwa. Odwala, monga lamulo, samakhala ndi zizindikiro zapadera ndi maselo oyera oyera. Ngakhale ena akudandaula zafooka, kuwonjezeka kutopa, malaise.
Maselo oyera a m'magazi a m'magazi - kodi izi zikutanthauza chiyani?
Zomwe zimayambitsa leukocyte m'magazi nthawi zambiri zimagwirizana ndi kukhalapo kwa kutupa. Ikhoza kuyambitsidwa ndi kayendedwe ka thupi ndi matenda. Nthawi zambiri, ngati leukocyte m'magazi akuwonjezeka, zifukwa izi ndi izi:
- matenda (chibayo, sepsis, meningitis, pyelonephritis ndi ena);
- Kutupa komwe kumayambitsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda (abscesses, zithupsa, phlegmon, peritonitis, appendicitis);
- uremia;
- matenda a shuga ;
- kuwotcha kwakukulu;
- kutupa kosapatsirana ( nyamakazi , lupus erythematosus);
- zotupa zopweteka;
- myocardial infarction .
Bwanji ngati maselo oyera a m'magazi akwezeka m'magazi?
Kwenikweni, kuwonjezeka kwa chiwerengero cha maselo oyera amagazi kumasonyeza ntchito yoyenera ya chitetezo cha mthupi: amazindikira ngozi ndikuyamba kulimbana nayo. Choncho, sikuyenera kudandaula za maselo oyera a m'magazi oyera omwe amapezeka m'magazi. Leukocytosis kwa thanzi sakhudza pafupifupi chirichonse. Koma nkofunika kumvetsa chifukwa chake msinkhu wawo wakula - ndi vuto lanji lomwe linayambitsa izi. Ndipo mwamsanga pamene chinthu choyambirira chikudziwika ndi kuchiritsidwa, zizindikirozo zidzabwereranso mwachibadwa.
Leukocyte m'magazi amatsitsa
Mofanana ndi leukocytosis, leukopenia nthawi zambiri imakhala yosavomerezeka. Koma chitetezo cha anthu omwe ali ndi matendawa chikufooka kwambiri, chifukwa chake zimakhala zovuta kupeŵa matenda ndi matenda osiyanasiyana. Choncho, ngati munthu nthawi zambiri amadwala, ayenera kupititsa mayesero. N'zosakayikitsa kuti zizindikiro zonse zozizira, popanda kupweteka pamphuno ndi mphuno, zimangotulutsa leukocyte m'magazi.
Ma Leukocyte m'magazi amatsitsidwa - amatanthauzanji?
Maselo oyera a m'magazi amamvetsera kwambiri zochitika kunja kwa thupi komanso kusintha kwa thupi. Zifukwa zikuluzikulu zomwe zimayambitsa leukocyte m'magazi, zikuwoneka ngati izi:
- kusintha kwa msinkhu kumachitika m'mafupa, kumayambitsa kukalamba msanga komanso kusinthika kwa matenda omwe amatha kukhala nawo;
- zimakhudza magulu a dzuwa kapena ma radiation m'maselo a mfupa yofiira;
- fupa lamatupa hypoplasia;
- cholengedwa chobadwa (nthawi zina leukopenia imayamba chifukwa cha kusintha kwa majini);
- HIV ;
- Kutaya kwa thupi chifukwa cha njala, mavuto ndi chimbudzi, matenda aakulu kapena kuvulala;
- Njira zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa, zomwe zimayambitsa kupanga ma antibodies kumatupi a thupi (kuphatikizapo tizilombo ta leukocyte);
- immunodeficiency (onse congenital ndi anapeza);
- chithandizo;
- mitsempha ya m'mafupa, yomwe imayambitsa khansa ya m'magazi, ndi ma metastasis a mitsempha yambiri yoipa m'magazi ake;
- zovuta kapena zautali, zomwe zakhala zilonda, mabakiteriya.
Bwanji ngati leukocyte m'magazi amatsitsa?
Leukopenia ayenera kupezeka mosamala. Apo ayi, ngati ikulitsa masabata opitirira 6, munthu amatha kutenga chiopsezo chotenga kachilombo koyipitsitsa kuposa nthawi zonse. Matenda a leukocyte opatsirana mwazi amasankhidwa malingana ndi zomwe zinachititsa kuchepa kwa chiwerengero cha maselowa. Popeza nthawi zambiri, leukopenia imayamba chifukwa cha matenda ena, chithandizochi chiyenera kutsogoleredwa pomenyana ndi zovutazo.