Malo osungira nthawi zonse osungira zomera ndimu a banja la rut, mtundu wa citrus. Malo ake obadwira ndi India, phazi la Himalaya. Kunyumba pawindo ndikukula sikovuta komanso kosangalatsa. Ndichisamaliro choyenera, chitsamba chikhoza kubereka chipatso, zipatso zake ndi zokoma monga zomwe zimakula pansi pa dzuwa.
Mitundu ya mandimu
Maluwa a citrus amakongola ndi masamba amchere a emerald ndi zipatso zabwino zachikasu. Malo a mandimu - ndemanga:
- chomeracho chimaonedwa kuti ndi chachikulu, zitsanzo zakale kwambiri zimatha kufika kutalika kwa mamita 1.5;
- chitsamba chiri ndi nthambi zaminga;
- Masamba ndi ofewa, amodzi, oval, mazira, ali ndi mafuta ofunikira;
- Kawirikawiri pachaka chomeracho chimapanga tinthu tating'onoting'ono tating'ono ta rosettes (4-5 masentimita m'mimba mwake) ndi kuchuluka kwa mphuno ndi zonunkhira zosasunthika zomwe zimayeretsa chipinda chosokoneza;
- Mphukira imakula masabata asanu, maluwa amatha masiku 50;
- kumalimbikitsa zipatso zam'mimba imodzi kapena zinayi pa chaka, malingana ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana, nthawi ya kukula kwa zipatso ndi masiku 200-230;
- chipatsocho chiri ndi kuwala kobiriwira ndi chodziwika bwino mandimu, thupi ndi yowutsa mudyo ndi wowawasa;
- pa chitukuko chokwanira mbeu imakula bwino chaka chonse - mutchire nthawi imodzi ikhoza kukhala ndi mazira, mabala, maluwa ndi zipatso.
Malo mandimu - mitundu:
- Genoa, Panderosa ndi mitundu yotchuka yomwe imapatsa zipatso zazikulu nthawi zonse;
- Meyer - wodzichepetsa, omwe nthawi zambiri amatchedwa "Chinese amamera", chipatso sichiri chowawa monga mitundu ina;
- Pavlovsky - wotchuka kwambiri zosiyanasiyana, amapereka zipatso chaka chonse, kutalika - 1.5 mamita;
- Kursk, Novogruzinsky - wamtali wamtundu wa mandimu , olemera mu citrus, amafunikira chisamaliro chochuluka mwa korona mapangidwe.
Kukula chipinda mandimu
Kukulitsa mandimu kumakhala kosavuta kumwala. Kuyika chitsamba, ndi bwino kusankha kumwera kapena kumadzulo kwawindo kumakhala ndi kuyatsa bwino. Lemu ndi thermophilic houseplant, yabwino kwambiri kutentha chifukwa ndi 15-22 ° C. Kubzala kumapangidwira akuya masentimita 1-2 ndi mtunda wa masentimita asanu mu miphika yaing'ono ndi madzi okwanira dothi kapena makala. Mukhale ndi mbeu pamalo owala, amamera pambuyo pa masabata awiri. Pambuyo pa kuoneka kwazomera musankhe wamphamvu, kuphimba ndi mtsuko. Pambuyo pa masamba enieni amamera, chojambulachi chimayikidwa mu mphika wa masentimita 10.
Dothi la mandimu mkati
Dothi lachonde la mandimu la mkati liyenera kukhala losavuta pang'ono kapena losalowerera (6-7 pH), lopanda mphamvu. Pofuna kudzikonzekera ndikofunikira kupanga chisakanizo cha udzu, tsamba la padziko lapansi, mchenga wonyezimira, humus mu chiŵerengero (2: 2: 1: 1). Mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito dothi la citrus kuchokera ku sitolo, kulisakaniza limodzi ndi peat. Kenaka gululi lidzakhala lowala komanso lopuma.
Kubalana kwa m'nyumba mandimu
Kwa mankhwala a mandimu, cuttings ndi njira yotchuka yobereka. Pakuti mphukira mu kasupe kutenga mphukira 10 cm mu kukula ndi 3-4 masamba ndi 2-3 masamba. Nthambi imachizidwa ndi zolimbikitsa kuti zikhale ndi mizu ndikuyikidwa m'madzi kwa masiku atatu. Kulima kuli koyenera dothi la mchenga, mchenga wobiridwa ndi nthaka ya maluwa mu magawo ofanana. Cuttings amaikidwa mu 3 masentimita, moisten tsiku lililonse masamba, gawo lapansi lisakhale ndi madzi. Kuzukula kumapezeka pakatha masiku 30-45, ndiye phesi likhoza kubzalidwa mumphika wina.
Malo a Lemon - chisamaliro cha kunyumba
Kusamalira mandimu ndi chipinda chovuta. Amakonda kuunikira bwino, kuyang'ana boma la kutentha ndi kuthirira. Kukula kwa masamba, amafunika kusachepera 17 ° C, panthawi yopanga chipatso, kutentha kumawonjezeka kufika pa +22 ° C. Kusamalira mandimu ya chipinda kumaphatikizapo bungwe la kuyatsa bwino. Dzuŵa liyenera kugwa pa chitsamba 2 maola tsiku. Ku mtengowo sunapangidwe, masiku khumi ndi awiri ayenera kuzungulira 10 ° kuzungulira mzere wake. M'nyengo yozizira, pokhala ndi kuwala kochepa - konzani kuunikira mothandizidwa ndi nyali.
Kudulira mitengo mandimu
Kudulira nthawi zonse kumalimbikitsidwa kuti chitsamba chikhale korona wokongola. Kodi mungasamalire bwanji mandimu?
- M'chaka choyamba cha moyo zomera zimapulumutsa 30 cm;
- Kwa nyengo yachiwiri kumapeto kwa masika ayenera kuidula, kusiya kutalika kwa masentimita 20, pamene mtengo udzayamba kumasula masamba omwe akuwonekera;
- Mphukira yapansi iyenera kuchotsedwa, kusiya atatu apamwamba - iwo amapanga mafupa a chikhalidwe;
- Chaka chotsatira amachitanso chimodzimodzi ndi nthambi zowonjezera - amafupikitsidwa kuti apangitse chitukuko cha mwana wamkazi, mphukira zatsamba zatsalira;
- lemu ya chipinda imakhala ndi maonekedwe okongola ndi mitengo ikuluikulu mpaka 5-6 nthambi;
- m'tsogolomu, kukuphwanyidwa kokwanira-kukuphuka kapena kuchotsa.
Kodi mungadyetse bwanji mandimu?
Citrus pakhomo amafunikira feteleza. Dyetsani mitengo ikafika zaka 2-3. Manyowa ovuta kumagwiritsa ntchito zovuta zowonjezera mchere m'nyengo ya chilimwe-chilimwe kawiri pamwezi. Kuchokera pakati pa autumn, kupanga-kumapangidwira milungu isanu ndi umodzi. Kwa maola awiri musanagwiritse ntchito feteleza, gawo lapansi mu mphika ndilofunika kuthirira madzi oyera.
Kuchokera ku organic, mtengo wa mandimu umakonda kuponyedwa kwa nkhuni phulusa, birch kulowetsedwa (theka la masamba akhoza kuthiridwa ndi madzi ndi okalamba kwa masiku 2-3) kuchepetsedwa nthawi 5-6 ndi manyowa watsopano. Manyowa a feteleza a mandimu amkati amayamba ndi maulendo omwewo monga mchere. Ngati pali kukula kwakukulu kwa mtundu wobiriwira kuti zisawononge zipatso, nayitrojeni ayenera kuchotsedwa ku feedings ndi phosphorous component yowonjezera;
Kuthirira mandimu
Asanayambe kusamalira mandimu m'chipinda, ndikofunika kuphunzira malamulo ake. Kuyambira pa May mpaka September, mitengo ya zipatso yam'mimba imayenera kuthirira mofulumira tsiku lililonse, m'nyengo yozizira imachepetsedwa kamodzi pa sabata. Mtengo umadetsedwa ndi madzi osakhala ozizira, osungidwa maola asanu. Thirani pamwamba pa mphika wonse. Chomeracho chimakonda kuwaza madzi otentha otentha, makamaka m'nyengo yozizira, ngati Kutentha kumagwira ntchito mozungulira. Kwa citrus, mpweya "wonyezimira" kuzungulira korona ndi wofunika kwambiri kuposa chinyezi chochuluka m'nthaka.
Matenda a mandimu m'chipinda
Matenda osiyanasiyana a mandimu kumudzi angayambidwe ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi tizirombo - bowa, mavairasi, mabakiteriya, mycoplasmas, majeremusi. Zitsamba zokhudzidwa zikuwoneka zolakwika - zoyipa, kutulutsa zipatso ndi masamba, mabala, mabala, zowola. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timatengedwa ndi mphepo, tizilombo, madontho a madzi pa ulimi wothirira ndi kuthirira. Kaŵirikaŵiri zakhudza mitengo yofooka, choncho pamene kulima ndikofunika kuwapatsa chisamaliro choyenera, pakakhala vuto - kulimbana nalo.
Nchifukwa chiyani masamba achikasu m'chipinda cham'chipinda?
Kawirikawiri, kusamalidwa molakwika kumabweretsa matenda a mandimu wamkati, masamba amatembenukira chikasu. Pali zifukwa zingapo:
- Kusasowa kwa zakudya. Calcium ndi imene imayambitsa mizu, phosphorous imathandiza kupanga mapulogalamu okoma, nayitrogeni imakhudza mtundu wabwino wa masamba, ndipo potaziyamu imapangitsa kuti azidya moyenera. Kugwiritsira ntchito feteleza ndi zinthu zoterezi kumathandiza kuchepetsa chikasu cha masamba.
- Kupanda kuunikira. Ndimu ya chipinda imayenera tsiku la maola 12, ngati ili lalifupi - kuwalako kumathandizira ndi nyali ya fulorosenti.
- Kuwonjezera apo, kuwala kwa dzuwa kumawotcha masamba. Mtengo uyenera kusunthira kumalo othunzi.
- Kupanda chinyezi kumabweretsa malangizo achikasu a masamba. Ndikofunikira kuti mupulumuke tsiku lililonse pogwiritsa ntchito atomizer. Ndizothandiza pafupi ndi mphika kuti madzi asungunuke m'madzi apansi. M'chilimwe, kamodzi pa sabata, zomera zimalangizidwa kuti zizimutsuka pansi.
- Kutentha kwakukulu kumasintha, kukonza, kuyandikana kwa zipangizo zotentha kumachititsanso kuti chikasu cha masamba chikasu. Ndiye muyenera kuchotsa zifukwa zosayenera.
Nchifukwa chiyani masamba akugwa pa mandimu?
Mavuto osasunthika oteteza chitsamba amachititsa kuti ayambe kutaya masamba. Kawirikawiri izi zimachitika nthawi yachisanu ndi yozizira. Mitengo yathanzi kwambiri pamtengo, imamera bwino ndikukula bwino, malinga ndi chiwerengero chawo ndikuweruza mkhalidwe wa chitsamba. Nthawi zina, chomeracho chimabwezeretsedwa, koma ndikofunika kuthetsa chifukwa cha chodabwitsa chodabwitsa. Ngati mandimu ya chipinda yataya masamba, muyenera kuchita chiyani:
- Ngati pali kusowa kwa chinyezi, sungani zomera nthawi zambiri ndipo musalole kuti nthaka iume;
- Ngati chomeracho chili ndi kuwala pang'ono - gwiritsani ntchito nyali zina;
- Pewani kutengera kwa mizu, kuthirani chitsamba chokha ndi madzi ofunda;
- Ngati mphika wapamwamba - chitsamba chiyenera kuikidwa mu chidebe chachikulu (2-4 cm);
- kuonetsetsa kuti pansi mulibe kuchulukira kwa chinyezi, zomwe zimayambitsa kuwonongeka kwa mizu;
- kuyesa mtengo kuti tizirombo, ngati atapezeka, kuti apange chithandizo.
Matenda a mandimu mkati - masamba osungira
Nthaŵi zina, masamba ake pa mphukira amakhala osasunthika - ngati amatayidwa ndi manyuchi, makristasi amatha kupanga. Matendawa amabweretsa scutellum, akhazikika pamtengo. Pakapita nthawi yochizira mankhwala amchere otchedwa sooty fungus omwe amasonyezedwa pa nthambi, mitengo ikuluikulu ndi masamba a mdima maculae amaikidwa, popanda mankhwala mankhwalawo amatha.
Kuchotsa tsamba lachitsulo ndikupukutirani ndi njira yothetsera mafuta (6 ml pa madzi okwanira 1 litre). Pambuyo masiku 5-7, mankhwalawa akubwerezedwa. Yankho lichotsa chophimba chokoma ndi kupha achinyamata nkhanambo. Mungagwiritse ntchito njira ina yothandizira mandimu - chipinda chodyera chipinda monga kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi carbofox kapena yankho la fodya limathandizanso. Chithandizochi chikuchitika 2-3 nthawi ndi nthawi ya masiku asanu ndi awiri.
Tizilombo ta mandimu
Zipatso zamitengo zingathenso kuonongeka ndi tizilombo tosiyanasiyana. Kuti mukule mandimu, muyenera kudziwa momwe mungamenyere:
- Zida. Ndi kukhalapo kwawo, masamba akugwa, nthambi zowuma, zomera zimamwalira. Tizilombo timatsukidwa ndi burashi, masamba amatsukidwa ndi soapy emulsion (2 tbsp ya madzi madzi okwanira 1 l madzi), adyo madzi (mitu 7-8 yowonongeka imatsanulidwa mu chidebe cha madzi kwa maola 24).
- Kangaude mite. Ili pansipa tsamba, pang'onopang'ono ikuphimba chikhalidwe chonse. Ngati muli ndi vutoli, m'pofunikira kupopera mtengo ndi yankho la "Aktelika", kubwereza katatu ndi nthawi ya masiku khumi.
- Powdery mabulosi. Amadyetsa masamba, amachititsa kuti masamba azifota ndi kuphulika. Chomeracho chiyenera kufufuzidwa ndi kusungunuka mwadzidzidzi ndi mphutsi zake.
- Nsabwe za m'masamba. Idya nsonga za mphukira. Chomeracho chiyenera kuperekedwa katatu (masiku khumi ndi awiri) ndi njira ya "Aktelik". Pafupi mukhoza kuyika mbiya ya geranium. Adzathandizanso kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi adyo madzi.
- Kupuma. Amawoneka ngati madontho aang'ono akuda, akhoza kuwuluka, kunyamula mavairasi. Kwa chiwonongeko, chitsamba chimatsukidwa pansi, ndikuchitidwa ndi soapy emulsion.
- Whitefly. Mphutsi ili m'munsi mwa masamba. Chitsamba chikuphwidwa ndi tizilombo katatu masiku atatu onse.