Matenda a dongosolo la kupuma, kutuluka ngati chibayo, amatchedwa matenda a mabungwe a misala osathamanga. Matendawa sagwirizana ndi asilikali a Roma wakale ndi gulu la French Foreign, koma mbiri yake imakhalanso yosangalatsa. Komabe, sikofunikira kudziwa zambiri zokhudza kuphunzira za matendawa, momwe mungathe kulimbana nawo. Tiyeni tiyese kuphatikiza mfundo ziwirizi.
Kodi matenda a alejiya ndi otani?
Ndani angabwere chifukwa cha kuyitana matenda a a Legionna mpweya wabwino? Pakalipano, matendawa, okhudzana ndi mabakiteriya a gram-negative, amafalikira kupyolera mu mpweya wabwino.
Kwa nthaŵi yoyamba, Legionella inapezedwa ndipo inafotokozedwa ku US mu 1977, pamene msonkhano wa bungwe ukugwirizana ndi onse omwe kale anali asilikali a US, American Legion, kuwuka kwa matenda opatsirana ofanana ndi chibayo. Pa anthu 4,000 omwe adapezekapo, 220 anali odwala. Panthawi imene madokotala adapeza chifukwa cha matendawo ndipo anayamba kuteteza, 18 mabungwe ena a mzindawo anali atatha kale. Pafupifupi, asilikali okwana 34 omwe anamwalira pamsonkhano wa ku Philadelphia anamwalira ndi matendawa.
Ofufuza kawirikawiri anapeza tizilombo toyambitsa matenda - iwo anali bacterium Legionella pneumonium, yomwe imafalikira mu ma air conditioning system.
Pakadali pano, wothandizidwa ndi legionellosis akuphunzira bwino ndipo palibenso milandu yowopsa. Pamene tizilombo toyambitsa matenda amafalikira m'madzi a m'nyanja pamtunda wotentha kwambiri, sichimachitika pakhomopo. Koma mabungwe akuluakulu, kuphatikizapo sukulu ndi zipatala, akhoza kukhala malo opatsirana mabakiteriya. Matendawa amachokera kumalo osungunuka a madzi mumlengalenga, matendawa amakula ngati chibayo. Nazi zizindikiro zazikulu za matenda a Legionnaires:
- kutentha kwakukulu;
- chisokonezo;
- zolemba;
- mpweya wochepa;
- kulemera mu chifuwa;
- chifuwa, nthawi zina ndi kuchotsa phlegm;
- kupweteka kwa mutu;
- chiwombankhanza kuphatikizapo kutukuta, chizunguliro ndi zizindikiro zina zozizwitsa.
Munthu atalumikiza tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, amapita pang'onopang'ono ku ziwalo za kupuma, makamaka nthawi zambiri - kupita ku mapapo. Nthawi yotsitsimula ndi masiku asanu ndi asanu ndi asanu ndi awiri (7), koma pali nthawi pamene matenda a legionnaire amayamba nthawi yomweyo. Kuzindikira kwa legionellosis kumachitika ndi kachilombo ka HIV kakuyesa matenda a sputum, izi zimakulolani kusankha mankhwala abwino ochizira mankhwala.
Kupewa ndi kuchiza legionellosis
Zamoyo zathanzi zimatsutsana ndi matenda, kotero ngakhale pamene ali ndi kachilombo ka mabakiteriya, samakhudza ziwalo za thupi ndikufa masiku angapo. Koma anthu omwe ali ndi thanzi labwino amachoka mosavuta. Kufooka kwa chitetezo cha mthupi komanso ukalamba ndizovuta kuti Legionella ifalikire pamapapo. Choncho, kupewa legionellosis kumaphatikizapo kulimbitsa thupi ndi moyo wathanzi. Kusiya kusuta kumapangitsanso mwayi wofulumira kuchira.
Posachedwapa, matenda opatsirana ndi a Legionna kudzera mu ma air conditioners akhala osowa, ojambula atenga nthawiyi ndikupanga zipangizo zovuta kupeza mabakiteriya. Koma legionellosis ikuchitikabe mndandanda wa matenda otchuka
Mankhwala a legionellosis amapita molingana ndi ndondomeko yoyenera - wodwala akulamulidwa zoyenera mankhwala opha tizilombo ndi njira zoyenera kuchotsa mapapo a mthimba. Kuwonetsanso kuti ndi mpumulo wa kama ndi njira zowonzanso. Monga lamulo, kuchira kumabwera mofulumira ndipo sikumayambitsa mavuto. Zoonadi, panthawi yomwe wodwalayo nthawi ina adatembenukira kwa dokotala ndipo sananyalanyaze zomwe akukambiranazo.