Polima tomato, alimi ogwiritsa ntchito galimoto amayang'aniridwa ndi matenda osiyanasiyana, choncho muyenera kudziwa momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito kuthana ndi zokololazo. Kawirikawiri matendawa amaletsedwa ndi njira yopewera, ndipo mankhwala onse opatsirana ayenera kuchitidwa pa nthawi. Matenda a tomato ku matenda amatha kuthetseratu zotsatira za Solanaceae kapena kuimitsa ngati zilondazo zikupezeka kale. Ambiri a tomato amawopsa ndi matenda a fungal, koma matendawa amavutika kwambiri.
Khansa ya bakiteriya
Matendawa angakhudze zomera zonse - ndi chitsamba ndi zipatso zokha. Pali matenda ochokera ku zokolola zabwino, kusowa kwa nthaka komanso kusinthasintha kwa mbeu. Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa tomato ku matenda amenewa kumachitidwa ngakhale pa siteji yoyamba - pokonzekera mbewu za kubzala. Amasungidwa mwamphamvu yothetsera potassium permanganate ndi kubzala phulusa lodzaza ndi phulusa kapena laimu.
Kuwonongeka kochedwa
Chimodzi mwa matenda opweteka a tomato, onse otseguka pansi ndi wowonjezera kutentha, ndi matenda a phytophthora . Ndi kugonjetsedwa uku, mbeu yonse ikhoza kufa, ngati chithandizo sichinayambe pa nthawi. Koma kupewa ndi malo otsiriza. Ndikofunika kwambiri, kumayambiriro kwa nyengo kapena kumapeto kwa nthawi ya kukolola kwa m'mundamo kudzaza nthaka ndi mpweya wa bleach. Zabwino kwa cholinga ichi ndi phulusa la nkhuni kuchokera mu uvuni.
Mulimonsemo mungathe kusunga zotsalira zamasamba - zonse zimatenthedwa kapena zimatengedwa kupita ku zinyalala. The thickening wa kubzala, kusowa pasynkovaniya, mvula nyengo amatsogolera kuti phytophthora akukula kwambiri mofulumira.
Choncho, pakufunika kuti muzitsatira miyezo yoyenera pamene mukudzala, pakapita nthawi kuti muthe mphukira zosafunika, pewani kuthirira mobwerezabwereza, makamaka madzulo. Kuonjezera apo, m'pofunika kuyang'ana kusinthasintha kwa mbeu - osati kudzala tomato kumene nightshade (tomato, aubergines, mbatata) idakula chaka chatha.
Mwa mankhwala okonzekera kukonza, mkuwa wa sulphate nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito, momwe mizu imathira panthawi yobzala, ndipo zomera zimapulitsidwa ndi mphindi ziwiri. Matenda a fungal a tomato akukula mu wowonjezera kutentha ndi otseguka pansi ndi abwino, perekani kuchipatala ngati akuwaza phulusa masiku atatu onse. Mankhwalawa amangoponyedwa pamwamba pa zomera, kotero kuti mankhwalawa akuphimba masamba. Izi zimathandiza kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa spores wa phytophthora.
Brown malo
Kwa matenda a phwetekere, ponseponse, ndi m'minda yotsekedwa mitundu yonse ya masamba, ngakhale kuti mumapezeka masamba obiriwira. Matendawa amachititsa bowa, masamba a zomerawo ataphimbidwa ndi madontho, owuma ndipo posakhalitsa amawoneka ngati fumbi, zomwe zimakhala zochepa kwambiri.
Chitetezo cha tomato ku matenda oterewa nthawi zonse kukonzanso mpweya mu wowonjezera kutentha (mpweya wabwino), pasynkovanii, kuchotsedwa kwa ziwalo zowawa za mbewu, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa "Fundazolom" kapena "Oksihom." Zotsalira za masamba zimatenthedwa, nthaka itatha kutenga matenda imatetezedwa ndi matenda a Phytosporin kapena chlorine.
Matenda onse a tomato akhoza kutetezedwa kapena kuchiritsidwa panthawi yoyamba. Choncho, m'nyengo yachilimwe simukuyenera kumasuka, koma zotsatira zake ziposa zonse zomwe zikuyembekezera, mosiyana ndi iwo omwe sasamala za kusamalira zinyama zobiriwira.