Tsatanetsatane wa mawu akuti "nkhanza" mu psychology ndi asayansi ambiri amawoneka ngati mawonekedwe a khalidwe omwe si nthawizonse yabwino kwa anthu, kuvulaza ena. Chilango ichi, kuwononga khalidwe, kutsogolera zikhalidwe zogwirizana ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu komanso kukhumudwitsa kwambiri maganizo. Izi ndi miseche, kufalitsa uthenga wosayera komanso malingaliro oipa, komanso kuphana ndi kudzipha.
M'madera a zinyama, nkhanza zimathandiza kupulumuka, ndipo m'madera otukuka, kuzunzidwa kwaukali kumabweretsa matenda ambiri osatha a ogwira ntchito kuntchito, omwe, monga lamulo, alibe phindu loti asatengere chisangalalo ndi olamulira kapena akuluakulu.
Malingana ndi mtundu wanji wotsitsimula yemwe ali ndi vutoli, ndipo akuyembekezera bwanji kwa wozunzidwa, mitundu eyiti ya nkhanza imaonekera:
- wokwiya-munthu wotsutsa anachititsa khalidwe ili;
- osagwiriridwa - wogwidwayo sanakwiyitse wovutitsa mwanjira iliyonse;
- chokhumudwitsa - mwamunayo ndiye woyamba kupanga chiwawa, komanso kuti asadziteteze;
- kuteteza - kuchitapo kanthu kuchitetezo;
- yankho - kubwezera chowonongeko;
- ziwawa zomwe zimayambitsa mkwiyo, - zomwe zimathandiza kuchotsa mkwiyo;
- Cholimbikitso - chifukwa cha zochita zoterozo ndi chikhumbo chofuna kupeza chinthu china;
- amavomerezedwa - amathandiza miyambo ya anthu.
Zomwe zimatchulidwa kuti ziwawa zimakhudza kwambiri munthu: wogwidwa akhoza kukankhira kumalingaliro odzipha, kuphatikizapo kudzera pa intaneti. Zimasonyezedwa pofuula, kunyozedwa, miseche, miseche. Mwamwayi, njira iyi yotsutsa yapeza mphepo yachiwiri chifukwa cha kukhazikitsa malo ochezera a pa Intaneti, makamaka achinyamata ndi achinyamata akuchitapo kanthu kwambiri, mpaka kudzipha.
Pachifukwa chachikulu, zochita zachiwawa. Chitsanzo chake chikhoza kukhala chipsinjo cha boma kwa nzika zake, ndipo yankho lake lidzakhala kusayera, kukwiya, kukayikira, kuponderezana.
Mawonetseredwe omalizira omwe awonetsetsa kuti ali ndi nkhanza akuyesa kugwiritsa ntchito mayeso a Bassa-Darka. Zapangidwira kuti zidziwe kuti anthu akuchitirana nkhanza. Njirayi ndi funso la mafotokozedwe 75. Mwa chiwerengero chazomwe mungasankhe, zizindikiro zaukali ndi zomwe zimachitidwa nkhanza zikuwerengedwa.
N'zotheka kuchotsa nkhanza za munthu pokhapokha atatha kumvetsetsa zomwe zimayambitsa maonekedwe ake, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala omwe amachititsa kuti azivutika maganizo kapena njira yodziwika bwino (magawo a katswiri wa maganizo kapena katswiri wa zamaganizo, masewera, kupaka minofu, tiyi).
Gulu loopsya likuphatikizapo omwe:
- amaimira munthu wowonetsera;
- matenda aakulu a maganizo;
- Zimakhala zowawa pambuyo pa zovuta zowonongeka;
- ali ndi maganizo okhudzidwa ndi nkhawa ndi kuphwanya kwa metabolism ya serotonin;
- ali wachinyamata;
- ali ndi kusasokonezeka maganizo.
Zifukwa zina ndizo: mowa, mankhwala osokoneza bongo komanso moyo wosagwirizana.
Polimbana ndi nkhanza, nkofunika kumvetsetsa njira yonse yowonetsera zachiwawa. Nthawi zambiri timaganiza kuti kuzunzika kwa nkhanza kumayamba ndi chidani, onse ndi maganizo oipa pa dziko lapansi ndi kachitidwe ka mayeso, malinga ndi zomwe munthu amaweruza anthu, zinthu ndi zozizwitsa. Kenaka, pali mkwiyo umene umapangitsa munthu kuchitapo kanthu, ndipo zochita kapena khalidwe la munthu ndizowawa. Koma pogwiritsa ntchito mitundu yowonongeka, nthawi zonse sichimagwirizana ndi mkwiyo. Komabe, monga mwaukali, munthu sakhala wamwano.