Miyezo ya makhalidwe abwino ndi mfundo zoyambirira - ndi chiyani?

Kugwirizana kwa anthu ndi anthu sikokwanira kokha ndi zochita za malamulo, komanso makhalidwe. Maganizo kwa iwo ndi osamvetsetseka - ena ofufuza amawona kuti iwo ndi amodzi mwa malamulo ena onse, pamene ena amanena kuti zingakhale zotheka kuti chitukuko chikhale chonchi pamene sichidziwika.

Kodi miyambo ya makhalidwe ndi iti?

Chilakolako cha anthu kuti akhale gawo la anthu sichifukwa, koma pakuyanjana moyenerera pamakhala zikhalidwe zina. Zina zimayikidwa ndi boma, zina zimatchulidwa pakupanga gulu. Makhalidwe abwino ndi mfundo za munthu, zomwe zimawonetseratu khalidwe lake. Munthu amatha kupanga machitidwe a tsiku ndi tsiku ndi apamwamba, chitsanzo chachiwiri ndizo "yesetsani zabwino, pewani zoipa" (F. Aquinas) ndi "kupindula kwakukulu chifukwa cha chiwerengero cha anthu" (I. Bentam).

Kawirikawiri, zikhalidwe za makhalidwe abwino ndizoyambana pakati pa zabwino ndi zoipa, zomwe poyamba zinkawoneka ngati mtengo wapatali wofunikira kuti kagwiridwe kogwirizanitsa ka gulu la anthu ndi kupeza chiyero cha makhalidwe abwino. Chilichonse chimayesetsa kusunga zabwino, kutsata njira iyi, munthu amakwaniritsa udindo wake kwa anthu. Chikumbumtima chake chimakhalabe mwaulere, ndiko kuti, ngongole ikhoza kukwaniritsidwa. Mchitidwe wa khalidwe labwino ndi lovuta, zotsatira zake zidzakhala kudzipereka kwa iwoeni ndi anthu ena.

Kodi kusiyana pakati pa makhalidwe ndi chilamulo ndi chiyani?

Mfundo zamakhalidwe ndi makhalidwe abwino nthawi zambiri zimatsatizana ndi malamulo, koma nthawi zonse sizibwereza, ndipo nthawizina zimakhala zovuta. Munthu akhoza kuchita cholakwa chifukwa cha zolinga zabwino, chikumbumtima chake chidzakhala choyera, koma boma liyenera kuyankha. Tiyeni tikambirane mwatsatanetsatane momwe zikhalidwe ndi chikhalidwe chalamulo zimasiyana.

1. Malamulo amachitidwa ndi akuluakulu a boma, amawalamulira ndikuwatsatila. Makhalidwe abwino amachokera ku lingaliro la munthu payekha ndi lingaliro la ena, sipangakhale kulamulira koyera.
2. Miyambo ya makhalidwe abwino imalandiridwa kuti iphedwe, koma imapereka chisankho. Malamulo samapereka.
3. Ngati mumanyalanyaza malamulo, muyenera kulangidwa (nthawi yabwino kapena ndende). Ngati simukutsatira malamulo a makhalidwe abwino, mudzatha kupeza chilango kwa ena ndi chikumbumtima choyera
4. Makhalidwe apamwamba amalembedwa polemba, ndipo miyezo ya makhalidwe ingathe kuperekedwa pamlomo.

Mitundu ya makhalidwe abwino

Pali mitundu yambiri ya makhalidwe abwino:

1. Kukhudzana ndi chitetezo cha moyo - choletsa kupha munthu kapena nyama.
2. Mfundo za ulemu ndi ulemu.
3. Zomwe Mumakonda.
4. Pa ufulu ndi ufulu wapadera.
5. Kukhudzana ndi kudalira.
6. Maimidwe a chilungamo.
7. Zokhudzana ndi mikangano ya anthu.
8. Makhalidwe abwino amakhazikitsidwa mwa machitidwe.

Pali gulu losiyana lomwe limalamulira makhalidwe ndi momwe amagwiritsidwira ntchito.

1. Imantative Kant: malamulo agwiritsidwa ntchito omwe angakhale opangidwa.
2. Mfundo yomwe imaletsa kukhala woweruza mu bizinesi yake.
3. Nkhani zofanana ndizofanana.

Ndi zikhalidwe ziti zomwe zimakhazikitsidwa?

Kulengedwa kwa malamulo ndi kuyendetsa kutsata kwawo kumakhala pamapewa a boma, koma makhalidwe abwino ndi makhalidwe abwino alibe chithandizo champhamvu chotero. Amagwira ntchito yawo mosiyana, mgwirizano uliwonse watsopano umatsogolera kufunikira kukhazikitsa maziko ake. Kubalana kumapezeka pansi pa kukakamizidwa kwa miyambo, malingaliro a anthu ndi malingaliro awo a dziko lapansi. Munthu ali ndi mwayi wokana chiletso chilichonse, chimene amaona kuti n'chosavomerezeka kwa iyemwini.

Kodi malamulo amakhalidwe abwino ndi otani?

Mfundo zokhudzana ndi makhalidwe abwino sizilipo kuti zitsogolere munthu kukhala chinthu chopanda pake, zili ndi ntchito zofunika kwambiri.

1. Zimalingalira . Zimakulolani kuti mukhale ndi zinthu zabwino ndi zoipa.
2. Maphunziro . Amagwira ntchito pakupanga umunthu, amapereka chidziwitso chozama kwa mbadwo watsopano. Kusanyalanyaza makhalidwe abwino kumakhudza kukhazikitsidwa kwa kuyankhulana ndi anthu ena, omwe ndi ofunikira.
3. Olamulira . Ikulongosola malire a khalidwe la umunthu ndi kugwirizana kwake mu gululo. Njirayi ndi yosiyana kwambiri ndi nsomba zina, chifukwa sizitanthauza chilichonse choyang'anira ntchito. Makhalidwe amayamba kuchita ngati atakhala ndi zikhulupiliro za mkati, choncho safunikanso kuyang'anitsitsa.

Kukula kwa makhalidwe abwino

Ochita kafukufuku amanena kuti nthawi ya malamulo olamulira ubale ndi wofanana ndi zaka za anthu. Mu mawonekedwe achibadwa mawonekedwe otsatirawa anabadwa.

1. Taboo . Zimapangitsa kuti anthu aziletsa kuchita zinthu zolimbitsa thupi komanso zachiwawa pa zinthu zina. Zimalimbikitsidwa ndi mantha a chilango kuchokera ku mphamvu zenizeni.
2. Mwambo . Amaphatikizapo mamembala a gulu lomwe lakhazikitsa malamulo. Amapatsa munthu malangizo okhwima, osasiya ufulu wothandizira, wothandizidwa ndi maganizo a anthu.
3. Miyambo . Chikhalidwe chokhazikika chokhazikika, chosungidwa mu mibadwo yambiri ya anthu. Mitundu ya makhalidwe sichimangotengera kuganiza, amafunika kutsata bwino.

Chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa ndondomeko ya banja, chikhalidwe cha chikhalidwe chinayambira - miyambo yambiri yomwe imayendetsa mkhalidwe wa dziko lapansi ndi khalidwe la munthu m'mbali zosiyanasiyana za moyo. Iwo amapereka kwa anthu onse, apatseni munthu malo otchulidwapo ndipo amusiya mwayi woti adzipange okha. Zothandizira ndizo lingaliro la zabwino ndi zoipa ndi zotsatira za maganizo a anthu.

Makhalidwe abwino amakono

1. Kupititsa patsogolo malamulo kumapitako kumadera ambiri, zimakhala zomveka.
2. Magulu a anthu apangidwa, omwe lingaliro lina la makhalidwe likugwiritsidwa ntchito, lofotokozedwa ndi mgwirizano wa akatswiri.
3. Komiti zamakhalidwe abwino amayang'anira kukhazikitsa malamulo.
4. Makhalidwe abwino amapanga zochitika ndi zovuta zotsatirazi.
5. Kutayika kwa chikoka cha chipembedzo kumasintha malingaliro a tanthauzo la moyo.
6. Kugwirizanitsa maiko kumapangitsa kuti makhalidwe azikhala ochepa kwambiri m'dzikoli.