Nkhaka borage imatchedwanso borage. Chikhalidwe chimatchuka m'mayiko a ku Europe ndipo amakula ngati masamba. Masamba ake amakhala obirira ngati nkhaka, borachnik amasangalala ndi maluwa a cornflower. Zothandiza za udzu - kuthekera kusintha maganizo, kupereka mphamvu. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuphika, amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa mankhwala.
Kodi udzu wa nkhaka umawoneka bwanji?
Mbalame yotchedwa Herbaceous borage borage ndi chomera chokwanira chaka chilichonse cha 30-60 cm. Chimake chophimba ndi tsitsi, pambali ya masamba a maolivi opangidwa ndi makwinya, amawoneka ngati mvula yoyera, paphesi - mwamphamvu kwambiri. Mipata ya m'munsiyi ndi yaikulu kuposa yapamwamba. Borage Borage imakhala ndi maluwa osazolowereka - 5-petalled, yaikulu, buluu kapena buluu ndi nsalu ya pinki, atakhala pa pedicel yaitali. Iwo ndi onunkhira kwambiri ndipo amakopeka tizilombo tomwe timapindula, amawoneka ngati okondedwa abwino. Chikhalidwe chimamasula kwa nthawi yaitali, mwamsanga chimagonjetsa malo atsopano.
Nkhaka udzu kubzala
Chomera sichifunikira chisamaliro chapadera. Borago, monga chikhalidwe chonse chosadzichepetsa komanso chosasinthasintha, udzu wa nkhaka ukhoza kupereka mphukira zoyamba nthaka ikadzulidwa, ndipo m'dzinja imakula mpaka chisanu choyamba. Zomera zimabzalidwa ndi mbewu zomwe zimapangidwa pambuyo pa maluwa, zikhoza kufalikira ndi mphepo. Poyamba kubwera ndi bwino kusankha malo a dzuwa kapena penumbra. Zomera zambiri zimabereka pa nthaka yachonde ndi yochepa, chikhalidwe chilichonse, chimene chimayambira manyowa atsopano, chingakhale chonchi.
Kodi kubzala borago?
Zipatso za borage nkhaka udzu umagwedezeka mpaka 5 masentimita m'litali. Mbewu ndi zazikulu, zakuda, kusunga mphamvu ya kumera zaka 2-3. Kudyetsa udzu wa nkhaka kumachitika mwachindunji za zipatso mu gawo lapansi. Kwa ichi, groove yakonzedwa, mbewu zimayikidwa pa akuya 1.5-2 masentimita, mbewu ya seeding ndi 3-6 g pa 1 sq. M. Zipangizozi zimayikidwa maola 24 ndikuyikidwa pakati pa mizera 25-30 cm ndi mtunda pakati pa zomera 10 cm (pambuyo kupatulira).
Mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito tepi ya mzere itatu ndi masentimita 50 ndi pakati pa zitsanzo za masentimita 20. Mutabzala, chomeracho chiyenera kuthiriridwa bwino. Ndibwino kuti muzule nyembazo ndi zochepetsetsa za utuchi. Mbande zidzatha masiku 10-12. Ngati ali wandiweyani, ayenera kupanikizidwa, kusiya mbewu imodzi ku zomera 15. Nyengo yowonjezera yonse kuchokera kubzala mpaka kuoneka kwa mbewu ndi masiku 70-80.
Kodi kudzala nkhaka udzu?
Ndibwino kuti tipeze mbewu m'nthaka kumapeto kwa mwezi wa April-kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa May. Pofuna kukolola koyamba, chomeracho chifesedwa mu chidebe mu March, ndipo pambuyo pa masamba 3-4 amapangidwa, amafesedwa pansi pa filimuyo. Kuti nthawi zonse pakhale magetsi atsopano, borage imabzalidwa pang'onopang'ono nyengo yonse masiku 15-18. Nthaŵi ya chilimwe-nyengo yamasika imakolola kumapeto kwa September - kumayambiriro kwa November. M'zaka zikubwerazi, borago adzatha kuchulukitsa mwakuya mwa kubzala - mbeu zomwe zidaphuka m'dzinja zidzakula m'chaka chakumunda.
Kodi kukula udzu wa nkhaka?
Kulima mbewu sikovuta ngakhale oyamba kumene. Udzu udzu ndi wodzichepetsa, ukuwukula pamalo otseguka kapena kunyumba poto. Kuti apeze mbewu zoyamba, chikhalidwe chikhoza kufesedwa mu March mu wowonjezera kutentha kapena wowonjezera kutentha pansi pa filimuyi. Khalani udzu bwino pafupi ndi njuchi kapena sitiroberi. Zimayenda bwino ndi nkhaka, kabichi, tomato, zukini.
Nkhaka borage yotseguka pansi
Mbali zonse za udzu kununkhiza kwa nkhaka zatsopano, zimakhala ndi saladi. Maluwa a chomerawo amadyedwanso, amawotchera mu mawonekedwe okongoletsera, amawonjezera ku zakumwa. Malo oyambirira a borage akapita kunja akudalira ntchito zamtsogolo. Ngati mphukira zazing'ono ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mokwanira, kufesa kumachitika molingana ndi mtundu wa masentimita 10 ndi kukula kwa mbande, kuwonjezeka mtunda wa masentimita 30. Pamene kukula kwa maluwa kapena mbewu, kusiyana pakati pa zomera zazikulu kumatsalira pa masentimita 75.
Chikhalidwe chimakula kukula, mwamsanga kufika kukhwima. Mukhoza kudula mapepala atatha masiku 25-30 mutabzala. Kuyeretsa pafupipafupi kwa peduncles kumalimbikitsa kukula mofulumira kwa zobiriwira. Ngati sizingathetsedwe, ndiye kuti mbeu yokhala ndi mbeu yovomerezekayo imatsimikiziridwa, ndipo kumalo amodzi mukhoza kupeza zokolola ziwiri kapena zitatu. Chomeracho sichimakhudzidwa ndi kuwonongeka kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, posakhalitsa chimakula ndikuphulika kwa nthawi yaitali. Mlimi wina yemwe amadziwa kuti amateteza zomera zapafupi ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, zimathandiza kuti azikula mofulumira.
Borago - kukula kuchokera ku mbewu
Kuti apange mbewu, sankhani angapo omwe amakula mwamphamvu. Kusiya kwa iwo sikudulidwa, zimayambira sizichotsa. Maluwa a borage nkhaka udzu amatha kutambasula, kotero mbewu zimakololedwa pamene zimapsa. Chizindikiro chokonzekera ndi chilimbikitso cha makapisozi, zimayambira zimadulidwa ndikukhala mumthunzi. Mbeu zabwino zimagwedezeka mosavuta pamene zigwedezeka, kuziika pamapepala kapena m'magalasi. Kodi kukula nkhaka udzu:
- Chomera ndi bwino kubzala pa mchenga dothi ndi pang'ono zamchere anachita. M'dzinja, malo adakumbidwa, ndipo kumapeto amawombera ndi kupanga mabedi.
- Pambuyo pokonzekera mzerewu, nyembazo zimagawidwa mofanana malinga ndi ndondomeko yobzala ndi pang'ono owazidwa ndi nthaka.
- Borage borage sichiwopa kutentha kapena kuzizira, izo zimangovuta mosavuta mthunzi ndi kuphulika. Zomera zimatetezedwa ku dzuwa, mphukira zake zimakhala zosavuta. M'nyengo yozizira, nyengo ikakhala yotentha, imathamanga mwamsanga, komanso zimakhala zolimba.
- Momwe masamba aang'ono amaonekera asanatuluke, amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti adye.
- Mbewu zikhoza kufesedwa m'nyengo yozizira, ndiye kumapeto kwa nyengo zimapereka mphukira zabwino.
Borago pawindo
Zokoma zokometsera borage udzu, kubzala komanso kusamalidwa bwino zimatha kuchitika m'nyengo yozizira komanso chilimwe pawindo la dzuwa lodzala maluwa. M'chipindamo, tsinde la zomera lifika 70 cm mu msinkhu. Masamba obiriwira a Ellipsoidal ndi maluwa akuluakulu a buluu, omwe amasonkhana ndi rosettes, omwe amawopsya, amakometsera chilichonse. Bzalani chikhalidwe mu March-April mu miphika ya maluwa kwa mbewu zingapo.
Pambuyo pa kuphuka kwa mbeu, kusiya imodzi mwa zomera zamphamvu kwambiri. Kenaka patapita masabata atatu, mitsinje idzachotsedwa, ndiye udzu wa borage sudzakula kwambiri, ndipo zidzakhala zosavuta kukula muzitsulo, piranda, khonde. Pofuna kubzala zipatso zamasamba, kufesa kumachitika pamapazi angapo - patatha masabata 2-3. Kukolola koyambirira, bedi liyenera kuikidwa pamalo a dzuwa, komanso m'chilimwe - pamalo amthunzi.
Borago - chisamaliro
Nkhaka udzu ndi wodzichepetsa, kusamalira ndi nthawi zonse kutsirira, Kupalira, ngati n'koyenera, kumasula mizere, kudyetsa, kupatulira ndi kukolola. Malamulo a kulima:
- Poyamba udzu umayenera kuchotsa namsongole;
- popanda kusamalira borage borage mwamsanga zakutchire, kukhala namsongole. Ndikofunika kuyang'anira ntchito ya kubereka kwake. Kupukuta kumachitika mu gawo la masamba 2-3, kuti likhale losavuta, chifukwa zimakhala zazikulu. Ngati mukufunika kusonkhanitsa mbeu zanu ku chomera, muyenera kusiya chitsanzo chimodzi pa mzere wa 75 cm;
- M'nyengo ya chilimwe, achinyamata amatha masentimita asanu ndi asanu mpaka asanu ndi awiri amadulidwa patebulo;
- borago sayenera kuloledwa kukula - zowonjezera zotsamba zotsalira, kutaya kukoma kwawo ndi fungo la nkhaka zatsopano;
- zokolola za udzu ndi 600-700 magalamu pa mita imodzi;
- Kukolola kuti ntchito yam'mbuyo idzayambe borago idzayeretsedwa nthawi yonse ya maluwa, itatha kukhala ndi mafuta ambiri komanso zakudya zambiri;
- udzu wathyoledwa, wouma pamakona osungunuka, wosungidwa kuti uziphika.
Chomera cha borage
Bramachnik (borago) - udzu wa cucumber ulibe chilala, koma kubzala ndi kusamalira kumafuna kuthirira nthawi zonse. Masamba mu chikhalidwe popanda chinyezi mu nyengo yowuma. Kuthirira ndi koyenera komanso kwa nthawi yake, ndikofunikira kuti mankhwalawa akhale odzola. Kawirikawiri zomera zimasowa mvula. Ndipo kuuma kumabweretsa mfundo yakuti sikumakhala ndi zitsamba zowonjezera, koma ndi udzu wamtchire.
Kukonza borage - kuvala pamwamba
Kupeza zowonjezera zowonjezera zitsamba zosamalidwa bwino zitsamba sizingakupweteke. Feteleza amachitika mu magawo awiri pa nyengo, imatha nthawi yoyeretsa ndi kupatulira. Chomera feteleza choyamba chimakonzedwa pa siteji ya mapangidwe a masamba 1-2 omwe alipo. Pakuti feteleza ndi wamba wambiri mullein , woyeretsedwa ndi madzi mu chiŵerengero cha 1:10, kapena urea - 10 magalamu pa lita imodzi ya madzi.
Chakudya chotsatira chimachitika masiku 15-20 isanafike siteji ya maluwa ndi chikhalidwe chomwecho ndi mullein kapena phulusa louma, pogwiritsa ntchito mlingo wa hafu ya galasi pa 1 sq.m. Pamene mukukula borage kunyumba, mungagwiritse ntchito mchere wamchere - kupanga magalamu 20 a ammonium nitrate pa 1 mita mita imodzi, ndipo vuto la feteleza lidzathetsedwa bwino.
Nkhaka udzu chomera - matenda
Chikhalidwe chimadziwika ndi mphamvu zabwino ndipo sichimakhudzidwa ndi tizirombo kapena matenda. Ndipo izo zimawopsyeza zinyama zina. Mwachitsanzo, wamaluwa ambiri amamera pafupi ndi mbatata kapena tomato, chifukwa amakhulupirira kuti munthu wobwebweta amachoka ku Colorado. Chomera cha borage ndi vuto polima:
- Mu nyengo yowuma kwambiri, udzu ndiwowonjezera kuukira chinthu cha nsabwe za m'masamba. Amadyetsa madzi a achinyamata a greenery. Muthane nawo mothandizidwa ndi adyo weniweni, fodya, tsabola wofiira wofiira, madzi a sopo.
- Nthawi zina zimadabwa ndi mbozi-nkhanu. Kuti tizilombo tizilombo tisiye kumunda, derali likhoza kuthiridwa ndi yankho la valerian tincture (1 botolo pa 3 malita a madzi). Njira yosazolowereka ndiyo kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala opangira mano, omwe amathiridwa m'madzi usiku wonse ndipo amafafanizidwa ndi chomera.
- Chomeracho chikhoza kuwononga mpweya oxalic. Njira zovuta:
- Kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi zitsamba za ku Parisiya (20 magalamu a poizoni pa malita 10 a madzi);
- Kutsekedwa ndi phulusa (200 gm sopo pa 10 malita a madzi);
- kusonkhanitsa ndi kuwononga mwakuya kwa mbozi.