Chimodzi mwa zigawo za chisangalalo cha munthu ndichokhutira ndi umoyo wake. Anthu ambiri samaganizira za izi, chifukwa amamva bwino mu thupi lomwe chilengedwe chinawapatsa. Ngati wina sakonda kugonana kwake, ndipo amadzimva yekha, ndiye kuti tikhoza kuganiza kuti munthuyo ndi wa gulu la transgender.
Transgender - izi zikutanthauza chiyani?
Kuti afotokoze kuti olakwawo ali ndi chilankhulo choyera, wina ayenera kutchula zomwe zili m'ndandandawu. Kutembenuzidwa kwenikweni kwa mawu awa kuchokera ku Chingerezi kumatanthauza "kupitirira malire a amuna, akazi". Mawu awa amagwiritsidwa ntchito kutanthawuza kwa anthu omwe chiwerewere chawo ndi chikhalidwe chawo sichigwirizana. Ponena za gululi, mawu ena amagwiritsidwa ntchito - gender, omwe amatanthauza mtima wamunthu wa mwamuna wake. Akatswiri a zamaganizo ndi akatswiri a zaumunthu amagwiritsira ntchito transgender anthu onse omwe amagonana ndi amuna kapena akazi omwe sagwirizana nawo.
Pali magulu oterowo a anthu ochimwa:
- Wamkulu ndi munthu amene amamverera ngati mwamuna, ndiye mkazi wina mosiyana.
- Chimodzimodzinso ndi momwe munthu sadzidziwira yekha ngati woimira chikhalidwe china.
- Genderware - gululi likuphatikizapo anthu omwe ali ndi amuna osiyana, kusiyana ndi kumvetsetsa kwa amuna ndi akazi.
- Mkazi wa transgender ndi munthu wamoyo, kudziona yekha ngati mkazi.
- Transgender mwamuna ndi mkazi wamoyo ndi mwamuna.
Transgender sizingakhale zosavuta kuzindikira. Kawirikawiri anthu oterowo amaphunzira mosavuta kuti amatha kuvala ndi kuwoneka ngati oimira amuna kapena akazi okhaokha. Amaphunzira chikhalidwe cha anthu osagonana, amakhala ndi zofuna zawo ndikuchita molingana. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, sangathe kutsogolera moyo wawo wonse, chifukwa thupi lawo limapereka kusagwirizana komwe kulipo pakati pa thupi ndi maganizo a umunthu wawo.
Kodi mkazi wa transgender amatanthauzanji?
Mkazi wa transgender ndi munthu wamoyo yemwe amadzimva yekha ngati woimira gawo lokongola la umunthu. Malamulo a mayiko ambiri amalola amuna oterewa atasintha mayesero angapo ndi njira zawo kuti asinthe dzina lawo ndi dzina lawo lomwe adapatsidwa atabadwa. Popeza amuna omwe amamverera ngati akazi, madokotala nthawi zambiri amapereka chithandizo chamatenda kunja, amatha kuwoneka ngati madona wamba. Tsitsi, zovala ndi khalidwe labwino sungapereke mkazi mu thupi la munthu.
Transgender wamwamuna
Mwamuna wa transgender ndi mkazi wamoyo, akudziona yekha ngati mwamuna. Pachifukwa ichi, mkazi akhoza kuzindikira zizindikiro zotere za transgender:
- samasuka ndi zovala za akazi;
- iye amasangalatsidwa ndi ntchito ndi masewera a amuna;
- ndi khalidwe loipa komanso loipa.
Transgender woyamba m'mbiri
Nkhani za ochimwa oyambirira zikhoza kuchotsedwa ku nthano zakale kwambiri, zomwe zikufotokoza zochitika za kusintha kwa amuna kukhala akazi komanso mosiyana. Kalekale, izi zimawoneka ngati zachilendo ndipo palibe amene adadabwa. Mwachitsanzo, mfumu yachiroma yotchedwa Elagabal, kapena Heliogabal, yomwe ikulamulira ufumuwo m'zaka za m'ma 200, inali yotchuka chifukwa cha zodabwitsa zake, zomwe zinkaoneka ngati zapadera. Iye analonjeza ngakhale ndalama zambiri kwa madokotala awo omwe angamuthandize kusintha kusagonana.
Mlandu wina wa kulakwa ukufotokozedwa mu Hussar Ballad. Mkazi wamkulu wa ntchitoyo anali ndi chithunzi chenichenicho - Nadezhda Durova. M'maganizo ake, akulemba kuti kuyambira ali mwana adziwona yekha kusiyana kwa ana ena ndipo adzida yekha chifukwa cha izi. Iye ankakonda kuvala zovala za amuna ndipo anafunsa kuti adzitcha Aleksandro.
The transgender yoyamba padziko lapansi, yomwe inalembedwa m'buku lachipatala, ndi Einar Wegener Mogen. Iye anabadwa ali mnyamata, koma kuyambira ali mwana iye ankamverera mkazi akuyamba. Einar anali wojambula wotchuka, koma anasiya ntchitoyi kuti akhale chitsanzo cha magazini yomwe mkazi wake amagwira ntchito. Einar ndiye woyamba kugwiritsira ntchito kusintha kwa kugonana. Moyo wake unali maziko a filimuyi "Girl from Denmark".
Ndi ochimwa angati omwe alipo pano?
Ziwerengero zolondola za anthu angati osamvera padziko lapansi kulibeko. M'mayiko ambiri padziko lapansi anthu oterewa akukhudzidwa kwambiri, chifukwa cha zomwe samakonda kusonyeza mbali yawo. Kawirikawiri, monga chiwonetsero chowonetsera kulakwitsa, chiwerengero cha kutumizidwa kuzipatala zokhudza kusintha kwa kugonana kumatengedwa. Chizindikiro chotero sichingakhoze kuonedwa kuti ndi cholondola, chifukwa ntchito ndizofunika ndipo ndi ochepa chabe omwe angakhoze kuzipeza.
Chifukwa cha chiwerengero cha opempha opaleshoni ya pulasitiki ndi deta kuchokera ku kafukufuku wina, akatswiri a zachikhalidwe cha anthu amachitcha anthu oposa 90 miliyoniwa: anthu pafupifupi 112 miliyoni kapena 1.6 peresenti ya anthu. Kafukufuku wambiri pa nkhaniyi anachitidwa ku America. Chiwerengero chachikulu cha anthu mu gulu ili chinalembedwa m'chigawo cha Columbia. Kumeneku, chiŵerengero cha anthu chosakhutira ndi kugonana kwawo chikuyandikira katatu.
Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa transgender ndi transsexual?
Kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa kugonana ndi transsexual ndi transgender ndiko kuti kugonana kwachisawawa kunasintha kugonana. Kugonana kulikonse ndi transgender. Kuchita opaleshoni ndi opaleshoni ya pulasitiki ndi mbali imodzi yokhala ndi nthawi yaitali yowonongeka. Asanayambe kuchita mwamphamvu mu thupi, munthu ayenera kuonana ndi katswiri wa zamaganizo, wogonana ndi chiwerewere komanso wogwira ntchito zachipatala. Kusintha kwa chikhalidwe kungapangidwe kokha kamodzi pa moyo, kotero chisankho ichi chiyenera kukhala cholemetsa komanso mwadala.
Momwe mungazindikire - transgender kapena ayi?
Palibe njira yosiyanitsira transgender ndi mtsikana, makamaka ngati wapita kuntchito yogwirira ntchito. Mankhwala opatsirana am'thupi amalola munthu kutulutsa zizindikiro za kugonana kumene anabadwira. Izi zikutanthauza kuti amuna omwe amatenga mahomoni azimayi amakhala achikazi, amakhala ndi tsitsi lochepa, ndipo khungu limakhala laling'ono kwambiri. Amayi akamatha mankhwala a androgen, mawu amayamba kuwonjezeka, kuchuluka kwa tsitsi kumawonjezeka, chiwerengerocho chimapeza makhalidwe achikhalidwe.
Ndi angati transgender pambuyo pa opaleshoni?
Nthawi ya moyo wa transgender imadalira mtundu wanji wa chidzudzulo womwe unadutsa. Mkhalidwe wa thanzi umakhudza ma okonzekera a mahomoni, mumtundu wanji komanso momwe adatengera nthawi yayitali. Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a estrogenic kungawononge ntchito ya mtima, ndipo antiandrogenic imatha kuwononga impso.
Kusinthasintha kwa kugonana kokha sikungapweteke kwambiri kuposa ntchito zachizoloŵezi zazitali. Ndi mankhwala othandizira ochizira pambuyo pake ndi mankhwala osankhidwa bwino a mahomoni, transsexual ikhoza kukhala moyo malinga ngati munthu wamba. Kuwonjezera chiyembekezo cha moyo kumatithandiza kuti tikhale ndi moyo wathanzi, kuwunika mwatsatanetsatane wa katswiri wamaganizo ndi kusakhala ndi zizoloŵezi zoipa.
Kodi transgender angakhale ndi ana?
Madokotala alibe maganizo pankhani yakuti transgender akhoza kubereka. Ngakhale opaleshoni ya pulasitiki imathandiza kuti pakhale kusintha kwakukulu kwa maonekedwe, mankhwala sathanso kuthandizira kugonana ndi pakati ndikubereka mwana. Panthawi ya opaleshoniyi, ntchito yaikulu ikuthandizani kusintha maonekedwe ena. Pankhaniyi, ziwalo zoberekera zamkati zimakhala zosasintha. Transgender yekha angathe kubereka mwana, yemwe sanadutse njira yothetsera kugonana.
Kodi mungakhale bwanji transgender?
Akatswiri a zamaganizo ndi anthu ogonana nawo ali ndi lingaliro lofanana ndi limene anthu ochimwa amachokera. Chifukwa chachikulu chimaonedwa ngati chosakwanira kwa mayi pa nthawi yomwe ali ndi mimba, zomwe zimayambitsa kuphwanya pakupanga ziwalo ndi matenda a mwana. Komanso, izi ndizifukwa:
- Maphunziro a banja osayenerera, omwe makolo amalerera mwana osati mwachibadwa, koma mogwirizana ndi zikhumbo zawo kuti akhale ndi mnyamata kapena mtsikana;
- zovuta zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimapweteka ndi mwana kuyambira ali mwana.
Matenda a Transgender
Vuto lalikulu la anthu olakwira likugwirizana ndi zomwe anthu amachitira anthu oterewa. Anthu ambiri amakonda kuchitira gulu la anthu ngati anthu omwe alibe chikhalidwe cholakwika. Chiwawa chokhudzana ndi anthu oterowo sichitha kungokhala mawu okha, komanso thupi. Mwachitsanzo, Tara Hudson, transgender ku UK, anapezeka atapachikidwa m'ndende yamwamuna. Pachifukwa ichi, chinthu chodabwitsa monga transgent latent chimene chimabisa mbali yake chimakhala chofala.
Transgender wotchuka kwambiri
Transgender wotchuka kwambiri ndi oimira bizinesi yamalonda kapena achibale awo:
- Shiloh Jo Jolie-Pitt ndi msungwana wa transgender, omwe makolo nyenyezi amamuthandiza kuti avomereze momwe iye aliri. Shilo Nouvel amangovala zovala za amuna okhaokha, amavala tsitsi lofiira komanso amathandiza mwamuna wake m'njira iliyonse.
- Tara Hudson ndi transgender amene amadziona kuti ndi mkazi. Anamangidwa panthawi imene adayamba kuchita opaleshoni yowonana, koma zolemba zatsopanozo zinali zisanakonzedwe. Tara anaikidwa m'ndende yamunthu, yomwe inalembedwa mu ma TV ndipo inasonyeza boma kuti likufunika kupanga zolemba zatsopano kwa anthu oterewa.
- Transgender Conchita Wurst adadziwika atatha kupambana mpikisano wa Eurovision Song mu 2014.
- Transformer Dalida - woimba wotchuka wa ku France, makamaka ndi mkazi wamba. Nthano yakuti iye anabadwa ali mwana anawonekera pambuyo pake ngati Baibulo lomwe lingathe kufotokoza chifukwa chake woimba wotchuka ndi wopambana anadzipha.