M'mbiri yonse ya chitukuko, adapambana. Ena anali amtendere komanso okoma mtima ndipo pambuyo pawo adapeza maiko olemera.
Ena adatchuka chifukwa cha nkhanza zawo, kuzizira kwawo komanso nkhanza zawo. Olamulira achinyengo anasonyezera anthu awo chifundo chachikulu ngati mdani wawo. Anthu adasiyidwa ufulu wawo ndi ufulu wawo, ndipo pamene adayesa kutsutsa pang'ono, iwo anafa. Ndi maulamuliro ati omwe anatsogolera ndondomeko zamagazi kwambiri?
25. Komanche
Fuko ili la Amwenye Achimereka linali limodzi lalikulu kwambiri. Mphamvu ya ufumuwo inafalikira kwa ambiri a Central America. Comanche inadzitamanda chifukwa cha nkhanza zawo, zomwe zidapha anthu onse, kuphatikizapo amayi ndi ana. Ndi chifukwa cha mbiri yawo yoopsa imene Aaspania ndi a French sanafulumire kufufuza mwapadera madera a America. Kuchokera m'chaka cha 1868 mpaka 1881, anthu okhala ku America anapha njuchi pafupifupi 31 miliyoni. Chotsatira chake, ufumu wa Comanche unayambitsa mavuto, ndipo idagwa.
24. Macelt
Kale, Aselote ankalamulira madera ambiri a France, Belgium, England lero. Ngakhale Aroma olimba mtima sadatsutse oimira ufumu umenewu. Chifukwa chiyani? Chifukwa Aselote anali otchuka chifukwa cha nkhanza zawo komanso nkhanza zawo. Iwo nthawizonse ankamenyana amaliseche, motero amasonyeza kuti ali ofunitsitsa kufa. Ngati apambana, a Celt amafunika kuchotsa mitu yawo yonse ya ozunzidwa ndikuwapitikitsa kunyumba ngati zipilala.
23. Miyendo
Kuchokera mu 793 AD, Maviking a ku Scandinavian Peninsula ayamba kulanda madera omwe anali a England, France, Spain ndi Russia. Machitidwe a anthu a ku Scandinavia anali okhwima kwambiri: asilikali mwadzidzidzi anaukira midzi yopanda chitetezo, anapha amuna amtunduwu, adagwirira akazi, anaba katundu yense ndi kuchoka kwawo chithandizo chisanafike pofika kumalo. Kwa zaka zambiri, luso la ma Vikings lakhazikika bwino. Iwo adamva kuti ali ndi chilango ndipo anayamba kumenyana mobwerezabwereza. Nkhondoyi inatha nthawi yaitali ndipo nthawi zina inasiya kukhala mosayembekezereka. Poyandikana ndi ma Vikings, midzi inapeza chitetezo chocheperako, ndipo mu 1066 Mfumu Harald Hardrad inagonjetsedwa ndi ankhondo a Chingerezi ku Nkhondo ya Stamford Bridge.
22. Māori Civilization
Maori ndi fuko limene limakhala ku New Zealand. Anthu ammudziwu anali ankhanza, ankhanza, aphungu komanso alenje okhwima. Mbiri yawo inali yoopsa kwambiri moti ngakhale a British colonists, omwe sanali otchuka chifukwa cha ubwino wawo, sanafune kulowa mu gawo la fukoli. Pamene James Cook anafika ku New Zealand, poyamba zinthu zonse zinali zabwino, koma wina mwa anthu ake - James Rowe - anakwiyitsa wokhalamo. Maori anapha Rowe yekha komanso anthu ena a Cook. Chinthu choopsa kwambiri pa nkhaniyi chinali chakuti aborigines analandira muskets. Atadziwa chida, adakhala oopsa kwambiri. Kulimbana pakati pa Maori ndi a British kunapitiliza kwa zaka zambiri, koma kumapeto kwa nkhondo imodzi ndi yamagazi, England idapambanabe.
21. Confederate States of America
Bungwe la Confederate States of America kuyambira 1861 linaphatikizapo mayiko 11 omwe anaganiza zochotsa ku United States. Ngakhale kuti palibe mayiko ena padziko lapansi omwe sanadziwe za Confederation, idakali ndi pulezidenti wake, mbendera, ndalama, ndi chikhalidwe chake ngakhale mpaka pano. A Confederates adatchuka chifukwa cha nkhanza zawo. Mu "dziko" latsopano, ukapolowo unalandiridwa, kugunda ndi kugwiriridwa kwa anthu akuda ankaonedwa kuti ndi chinthu chachilendo. Dziko lonse lapansi linadabwa kudziwa m'mene a Confederates amachitira akaidi kundende ya Andersonville. Mwamwayi, a KSA sanakhale nthawi yaitali. Ufumu wa Confederate unagwa mu 1865.
20. Ufumu wa ku Belgium
Linali ndi maiko atatu a ku Africa ku Congo. Chigawo cha ufumu wa ku Belgium chandale chinali chachikulu kwambiri kuposa Belgium. Mzindawu unkatengedwa kuti ndi waukulu kwambiri ku Africa ndipo unadziwika kuti ndi Mfumu Leopold II, wotchedwa "The Butcher of the Congo". Dzina lachibwana la mfumu linaperekedwa chifukwa chopha anthu oposa miliyoni miliyoni ku Congo, powakakamiza kugwira ntchito pa minda ya mphira. Akapolo akaphwanya malamulo osakhazikitsidwa, adamenyedwa ndikupulumutsidwa m'manja.
19. Ufumu wa Mongolia
Analipo kuyambira 1206 mpaka 1405 ndipo anali wamkulu koposa m'mbiri yonse ya anthu. Gulu la asilikali omwe adatsogoleredwa ndi Genghis Khan adatsatira njira zankhanza za nkhondo. Izi zinathandiza a Mongol kugonjetsa mizinda ndi mayiko ambiri. Ngati mudziwo unali wokonzeka kudzipereka kwa asilikali osamenyana, anthu ake anatsala amoyo. Pofuna kutsutsa, mzindawo unagwa, ndipo anthu onse anawonongedwa. Malinga ndi mbiri yakale, panthaŵi ya ulamuliro wa Ufumu wa Mongol, anthu pafupifupi 30 miliyoni anaphedwa.
18. Ufumu wa Aigupto wakale
Ukapolo unakula pano. Antchitowa ankazunzidwa. Ngati mwadzidzidzi kapoloyo adatuluka, adapatsidwa zipolopolo 100, ndipo pambuyo poti chilangocho chibwezeretsedwa kuntchito. Anthu osawerengeka ku Igupto wakale anavutika ndi njala ndi matenda, omwe nthawi zambiri ankakhala ndi katundu wambiri.
17. Ufumu wa Ottoman
Mphamvu m'manja mwake idachitidwa kwa zaka zambiri. Kuchokera mu 1914 mpaka 1922 Ufumu wa Ottoman unawononga mwamphamvu Akhristu Achigiriki. Pafupifupi anthu mamiliyoni 3.5 a Greek, Armenian ndi Asuri anaphedwa ndi Mustafa Kemal ndi Young Turks. Ufumuwo unagwa mu 1922.
16. Myanmar
Mu 1962, dziko la Myanmar, lomwe poyamba linkadziwika kuti Burma, linagwidwa ndi asilikali achijeremani. Pambuyo pake, akuluakulu onse osakhutira anatsekeredwa kundende. Demokarase inaletsedwa m'njira zonse zotheka. Kulemera kwa ulamuliro wouza boma kunapangitsa dziko la Myanmar kukhala malo ake, omwe dziko lonse lapansi silinkafuna kukhala nalo. Zotsatira zake ndizo kuti okhawo omwe anali nawo mu boma adalandira phindu kuchokera ku ulamuliro wawo, pomwe anthu osauka adakhala osauka.
Ufumu wa Neo-Asuri
Mphamvu yake inkafika ku Mesopotamiya ndi ku Egypt kuyambira 883 BC. e. kwa 627 BC. e. A Neo-Asuri anali osiyana ndi nkhanza. Pogonjetsa m'mayiko atsopano, anagulitsa anthu a m'deralo kukhala akapolo ndi kuwachotsa kwawo. Asuri otsalawo anaikidwa pamtengo, anagwetsedwa. Pakhomo la mizinda kumene Ufumu wa Neo-Asuri unkalamulira, nthawi zambiri panali zipilala zamtundu uliwonse zomwe zinkabzala pamutu. Asirikali sananyalanyaze kuyang'ana maso awo kwa ozunzidwawo, kuwotcha ana, ndipo atsogoleri a adani omwe anagonjetsedwa anapachikidwa pamtengo kuzungulira midzi.
14. Ufumu wa Chipwitikizi
Ulamuliro wake unayamba mu 1415. Zomwe chuma cha Ufumu wa Chipwitikizi chinachokera ku Ulaya, Africa, India kupita ku Japan ndi Brazil. Asilikaliwo anagonjetsa midzi ya ku Africa, akapolo a m'deralo ndipo anathandiza kwambiri malonda a akapolo. Kutha kwa ufumuwo kunayamba mu 1961, pamene antchito a ku Angola adapanduka. Kupanduka kumeneku kunayambitsa nkhondo yamagazi yazaka 14. Pomalizira pake ufumu wa Chipwitikizi unatha mu 1999.
13. Ufumu wa Makedoniya
Alesandro Wamkulu amadziwika kuti ndi mmodzi wa akuluakulu a asilikali akuluakulu m'mbiri yonse. Anayamba ulendo wake ku Makedoniya. Atapanga gulu lamphamvu, Alexander Wamkulu anagonjetsa Greece, Syria, Egypt, Persia. Pofuna kukwaniritsa zolinga zake, nthawi zina mkulu wa asilikali ndi asilikali ake ankachita zinthu zovuta. Asilikali anapachika zikwi za anthu, atentha mizinda yambiri ndikupha anthu osalakwa. Akuluakulu a Alexander adalumikizana ndi paranoia. Wolamulirayo anapha aliyense amene ankaganiza kuti ndi woukira boma. Pambuyo pa imfa ya Alexander Wamkulu, ufumu wa Makedoniya unagawanika kukhala maiko atatu.
12. Ufumu wa Italy
Mu 1861, dziko la Italy linakhala dziko limodzi. Pambuyo pake, olamulira a boma anayamba kulamulira mbali zosiyanasiyana za dziko lapansi. Anthu a ku Italy anayamba ndi Somalia ndi Libya. Mu 1922, wolamulira wankhanza wotchedwa Benito Mussolini anakonza zolemba malo ambiri momwe angathere, kuphatikizapo mayiko a Greece ndi Albania. Mu ulamuliro wake Mussolini anamanga dziko la apolisi, anasokoneza bwalo lamilandu ndikutsutsa onse otsutsa.
11. Ufumu wa Spain
Columbus atatulukira Dziko Latsopano, Ufumu wa Spain unayambika ku dziko lino. Ogonjetsa anaphwanyidwa, kugwiriridwa ndi kupha mafuko, kuphatikizapo Aztecs ndi Incas. Anatembenuza amuna kukhala akapolo, akazi anapachikidwa, ansembe ndi ansembe anatenthedwa. Zina mwa zina, a ku Spain adabweretsedwako ku nthomba ya New World, yomwe inapha anthu mazana ambirimbiri.
10. Ufumu wa ku France
Ulamuliro wa Ufumu wa France unapha anthu mamiliyoni ambiri ku Ulaya. Mmalo mokhala ndi demokarasi m'dzikoli, Napoleon adadzitcha yekha mfumu ndikubwezeretsa ukapolo zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri atatha. Ndipo chokhumudwitsa kwambiri n'chakuti Bonaparte nthawi ina analamula kuti anthu ambiri a ku Haiti aziphedwa m'zipinda zamagetsi.
9. Ufumu wa Japan
Pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yadziko Lonse, Ufumu wa Japan unagonjetsa gawo lalikulu la Asia ndi zilumba zapafupi ku Pacific Ocean. Kutengedwa kwa madera kunali limodzi ndi imfa ya mamiliyoni a anthu wamba ndi akaidi a nkhondo. Anthu a ku Japan ankazunza anthu omwe anali ndi njala, n'kuwapanga akapolo.
8. North Korea
North Korea yakhala ikudana ndi mayiko ambiri akumadzulo kuyambira tsiku loyamba lomwe adapanga. Mphamvu pano ikuyikidwa m'manja mwa banja limodzi. Wolamulira woyamba anali Kim Il Sung. North Korea imachotsedwa kudziko lonse lapansi. Apa, kupembedza kwa mtsogoleri ukulimbikitsidwa. Ambirimbiri omwe amatsutsa ku Korea amapereka ziganizo zawo m'ndende. Mu 1990, anthu pafupifupi 2 miliyoni anafa ndi njala ku North Korea. Gawo lalikulu la ndalama za dzikoli limachokera ku malonda osayenera a mankhwala ndi zida. Pakalipano, kumpoto kwa Korea akuyesa miyeso ya intercontinental ballistic ndikunyalanyaza kutsutsa kwa United States ndi United Nations.
7. Nazi Germany
Kuchokera mu 1933 mpaka 1945, mphamvu ku Germany inali ya gulu lozunza lotsogoleredwa ndi Adolf Hitler. Wolamulira ndi anyamata ake amachititsa kuti anthu azidzikuza, adzikaniza komanso asagwirizane ndi pangano la Versailles. Hitler anawononga Ayuda mamiliyoni asanu ndi limodzi, akuwatengera kundende zozunzirako anthu ndikuwazunza kumeneko. Anagonjetsanso gawo la Poland, France, North Africa ndi Soviet Union, kusiya basi imfa ndi kuwonongeka.
6. Khmer Rouge
Mu 1975 - 1979, Pol Pot ndi Khmer Rouge anapanga chikomyunizimu kuchotsa Cambodia. Kupandukaku kunasokoneza kwambiri mkhalidwewu m'dzikoli. Pofuna kupanga anthu osauka osauka, Pol Pot anawononga aluntha, atsogoleri achipembedzo ndi anthu ena, omwe malingaliro ake, sanagwirizane ndi zofunikira za boma latsopanolo. Pa Cambodia 8 miliyoni, anthu pafupifupi 1.5 miliyoni anaphedwa ndi Khmer Rouge.
5. China pansi pa Mao Zedong
Kukonzekera kwa China komwe kunatsatira nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse kunapangitsa kuti anthu a Republic of China apangidwe, olamulidwa ndi Mao Zedong. Otsatirawa anafalitsa ndondomeko ya "kuthamanga kwakukulu" ndi anthu osauka omwe adakhazikika m'madera, ndikuwakana ufulu ndi kumasuka. Kuyambira mu 1958 mpaka 1962, mu njala, antchito adamenyedwa ndi kuzunzidwa. Pa zaka zinayi, anthu mamiliyoni 45 anafa, ndipo njala inakula.
4. Soviet Union
Uwu ndiwo umodzi mwa maufumu otchuka kwambiri m'mbiri ya anthu. Wolamulira Joseph Stalin anachita zowawa zambiri panthawi ya nkhondo yachiŵiri yapadziko lonse, ndipo adalepheretsa anthu okhala m'dziko lake ufulu ndi kumasuka. Kuphatikiza apo, iye mwadala mwadala anachita njala ku Ukraine, akufunitsitsa kuthetsa chiwawa. Zotsatira zake, anthu mamiliyoni asanu anafa.
3. Ufumu wa Roma
Panthawi yabwino, ulamuliro wa Ufumu wa Roma unafalikira ku Ulaya, North Africa, Egypt ndi Syria. Aroma adasunga dziko lapansi mwamantha. Nzika za m'midzi yogonjetsedwa zinapachikidwa. Ndipo adachita izi osati chilango, komanso kuti asonyeze mphamvu zawo. Chuma cha Ufumu wa Roma chinamangidwa pa ntchito ndi sextorn, kuphatikizapo kuba ndi kuba. Ampando ambiri a Roma - monga Nero, Caligula, Domitian - ankadziwika ngati olamulira anzawo, mwadala mwadzidzidzi enieni awo.
2. Ufumu wa Aaztec
Pamene Aaspania sanawafafanize konse, Aaziteki anadziwononga okha. Akuluakulu ankazunzidwa kwambiri ndi anthu awo. Mtunduwo unapembedza mulungu Huitzilopochtli ndipo amakhulupirira kuti amadya mitima yatsopano. Nsembe zinkachitika nthawi zonse. Mu tsiku limodzi fuko likhoza kupha mpaka anthu zikwi 84.
1. Ufumu wa Britain
A Britain analamulira gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a dziko lonse lapansi. Ngakhale kuti otsutsa boma akuyamika, malo ambiri amapeza kuti ulamuliro wa Ufumu wa Britain sunali woyera kwathunthu. Mwachitsanzo, pa nkhondo ya Anglo-Boer, asilikali a ku Britain anathamangitsa anthu okhala m'ndende zozunzirako anthu, kumene anthu oposa 27,000 anafa ndi njala, matenda ndi kuzunzidwa. Akatswiri ena a mbiri yakale amakhulupirira kuti dziko la Britain linagawaniza India ndi Pakistan, pokhala otsutsana ndi anthu pafupifupi mamiliyoni khumi. Ndipo kumapeto kwa zaka za XIX kuchokera ku njala 12 mpaka 29 miliyoni anthu adafa. Izi zinachitika chifukwa Churchill adayankha kutenga matani angapo kuchokera ku madera kupita ku UK kuti akwanitse kubzala mbewu.