Ngati mukufuna kupereka zowonongeka za munda, samverani zomera za actinidia, kubzala ndi kusamalira zimakhala zosavuta. Ndilo gawo la lianas, mwachibadwa likufala ku Himalaya, China, Japan, ku Sakhalin. Dzina la chikhalidwe limachokera ku mawu achigriki ndikutanthauza "nyenyezi". Abusa amabereka mitundu yomwe imabereka zipatso m'madera ambiri a Russia.
Kutanthauzira kwa Actinidia
The charming actinidia ndi osatha shrub liana, kukwera pa zothandizira kupita pamwamba. Zimakondweretsa diso ndi kukongola kwake ndipo zimakopeka makhalidwe amachiritso a zipatso. Aliyense amadziwa chipatso cha actinidia zokoma (Chinese) - kiwi. Chikhalidwe chimakopa wamaluwa ndi zokongoletsa, mankhwala ndi fecundity. Kufotokozera mwachidule chikhalidwe:
- Ichi ndi chikhalidwe cholimba chomwe chili ndi nthambi zolimba, kupeza zipatso, mbande zamphongo ndi zazikazi zimafunikira.
- Kugonana kwa mphukira kumatsimikiziridwa ndi ndondomekoyi: pa maluwa amphongo amagawidwa ndi zidutswa zisanu ndi chimodzi kapena zingapo, pazimayi ali okhaokha.
- Masamba ndi ofewa, osakanizika pamphepete.
- Ntchentche actinidia chipale chofewa, malalanje, masamba obiriwira, kukumbukira asterisks.
- Chitsamba mu September chimapatsa zipatso zokoma ndi zowawa zobiriwira ndi mbewu zing'onozing'ono komanso fungo la chinanazi. Mwa magawo a vitamini C, mabulosiwa akuposa zipatso zamtundu wakuda ndi zipatso za citrus.
Liana yowonongeka imakondweretsa wamaluwa chaka chonse: m'chaka chiri masamba ofunika, mu maluwa - ndi fungo. Mu mitundu ina mu August masambawo amakhala mtundu wa variegated. Mu autumn mbewu imakhala yowala golide mtundu, mu October masamba kugwa. Chitsamba chili ndi malo ooneka bwino, chimakhala chokongoletsera cha mpanda, kanyumba, gazebo, chipinda cha nyumba.
Actinidia - mitundu
Pali mitundu yambiri ya shrubby actinidia, imasiyana nthawi ya zipatso zakucha, kukula kwa zipatso ndi chitsamba. Malo otchuka kwambiri m'munda ndi mitala ndi kutsutsana. Amtengo wapatali kwambiri ku gawo la Russia amaonedwa kuti ndi mtundu wa colomict, womwe umagwiritsa ntchito michurin ndi Clara Zetkin. Chomeracho ndi chodabwitsa chifukwa cha kukana kwa chisanu, chimakhala pa -45 ° С. Masamba ophika amakhala ndi katundu wodabwitsa - masiku asanu ndi awiri asanafike maluwa, mbaleyo imakhala yoyera, kenako imakhala yofiira. Mafuta a fungo labwino, ndi mabulosi a emerald, ali ndi kukula kwakukulu ndi kukoma kokoma.
Kukambirana kwa Actinidia
Mu kukula kwake muli malo apamwamba, kutalika kwa mpesa kungathe kufika mamita makumi atatu. Thunthu la thunthu lake limasiyanasiyana ndi masentimita 10 mpaka 20. Arguta amawongola kwambiri mitengo, amawapangitsa kukhala osakongola. Zipatso za mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi zazikulu pakati pa achibale onse, zimafanana ndi mini kiwi, actinidia wa mkangano ali ndi maluwa oyera. Mafuta ake a fungo amafanana ndi chinanazi, mdima wobiriwira, wowutsa mudyo komanso minofu. Kulemera kwa chipatsocho ndi 6 magalamu, kudzakukolola zokolola kumapeto kwa September, chipatso chokhwima ndi chokoma.
Actinidium Issai
Kudzipiritsa (hermaphroditic) actinidia, kubzala ndi kusamalira sikufuna kukhalapo kwa amuna ndi akazi a subspecies. Liana imakula mpaka mamita 9, imakula mpaka zaka 30. Chitsambachi chimakhala ndi masamba ofiira a mtundu wobiriwira, omwe amamveka ndi tsitsi lofiira. Masamba ndi aakulu, oboola mabotolo, okonzeka, okonzeka. Maonekedwe a mbaleyo ndi ovalika, kutalika kwake ndi 17-25 masentimita. Mitengo ya Actinidium ya Issyi imathetsedwa mu May-June, ali ndi mtundu wa kirimu, mawonekedwe a chikho, 2.5,5 masentimita. Pakati pa mwezi wa October pamtunda pali zipatso zowawa, mkati mwa azitona, kunja kumakhala ndi tsitsi lofiira.
Actinidia Far Eastern
Mitengo yozizira kwambiri ya chomera ndi Actinidia, munda wam'mawa. Zina zosiyanasiyana zotchedwa Amur gooseberries. Kuchokera ku Far East chikhalidwe ichi chafika m'minda yamapakati apakati. Kumalo amodzi chitsamba chimapindula kufikira zaka 50, chimakula msinkhu. Iye ali ndi masamba ofiira, amawombera kukula mofulumira. Zipatso ndizitali, zimakhala ndi mtundu wobiriwira. Amamva kukoma kokoma ndi kowawa, kukumbukira chinanazi, amakhala ndi khungu lochepa. Liana ali ndi mkulu wozizira hardiness. Monga gawo la fetus, pali mlingo wa mavitamini C, wokhazikika m'chiuno.
Actinidia chinanazi
Dioecious actinidia ya "Chinanazi" imaonedwa kuti ndi liana yofulumira kwambiri, yomwe ndi imodzi mwazinthu zowonjezereka. Amatha mamita 10, amamera maluwa onunkhira mu May-June. Zipatso zimakula mpaka masentimita atatu, ndizobiriwira ndi zofiira zofiira, kulawa bwino ndi asidi otsitsimula, kukumbukira kiwi ndi zonunkhira bwino za chinanazi. Zikhoza kudyedwa ndi peel, zipse mu October, zonyamulidwa bwino. Mbewu mu zipatso ndizochepa kwambiri, ndi chakudya chomwe sichimva. Pofuna kupaka mungu kumafuna mbeu imodzi yamphongo kwa amayi 6-8.
Actinidia wofiira
Kuchokera kumbali yokongoletsa, mitundu yofiirira imawoneka yosangalatsa. Actinidia yotereyi imadziwika ndi kukhalapo kwazomwe zimayambira, kufika kutalika kwa mamita atatu. Ndi bulauni zimayambira, zophimbidwa ndi makungwa a exfoliating. Masamba ndi okongola, ndipo nthawi zina tsitsi la pubescent, ndi nsonga yapamwamba. Maluwa okhala ndi chipale chofewa ndi azere wakuda, amasonkhanitsidwa m'magulu ang'onoang'ono.
Kusiyanitsa kwakukulu ndi mabulosi ozungulira wozungulira wofiirira ndi khungu, ndi kukoma kokoma, masekeli 5 magalamu. Pakukolola chipatso, chomeracho chimayang'ana kukongoletsa - ngati maswiti ofiira apachikidwa pakati pa masamba. Purple zosiyanasiyana zimadziwika ndi osauka yozizira hardiness ndi kuchepa kucha. Chitsamba chokonda kutentha, malo ovuta kwambiri a kukula kwake amayenda m'katikati mwa Kiev.
Actinidia Jumbo
Mitundu ya Italy yosiyanasiyana ndi zipatso zazikulu, zotsekemera za mawonekedwe a zitsulo, pamene zimakhwima zimakhala ndi mtundu wobiriwira. Zitha kudyedwa ndi peel, zokolola mu October. Chomeracho ndi champhamvu, chimatha mamita 8, zimayambira kuzungulira mitengo kapena kufalikira pansi, kupanga mapulaneti akuluakulu. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi yozizira-yolimba, imayimitsa chisanu mpaka -30 ° C, koma imafuna malo otetezedwa ku mphepo. Jumbo, mosiyana ndi actinidia hermaphroditic, mtundu wa dioecious, chifukwa kumangirira zipatso kumafuna pollinator - kukhalapo kwa zomera zamwamuna ndi zazimayi. Iwo amakhala pafupi.
Actinidia - kutsika
Tsopano likulonjeza kukhala ndi chomera cha actinidia m'munda, kubzala ndi kusamalira zikuchitika molingana ndi agrotechnics. Kuphuka kwa mbewu kumakhala bwino kumapeto kapena chilimwe. Ikani mowonjezereka pamphepete mwa munda, pamakoma kapena mipanda, arbors, phokoso lopiringa liyenera kuthandizira trellis kukonza nthambi. Mmene mungameretse actinidia:
- m'mimba mwa mabowo 70 cm, kuya kwake ndi 50-60 cm, mtunda pakati pa tchire ndi 1.5-2 mamita;
- mpaka pansi, miyala yosanjikiza ya masentimita 15;
- muyenera nthawi yomweyo manyowa actinidia, chifukwa chodzala ndi kusamalira mukufunika kusakaniza munda wa 10 kg wa humus, 200 g wa superphosphate , 50 g wa ammonium nitrate, 80 g wa potaziyamu mchere;
- pamene gawo lapansi likukhazikika (theka la mwezi), nkhuku yochokera m'nthaka yachonde yopanda ungwiro imatsanuliridwa pa chisakanizo chodzazidwa, mbewu zimabzalidwa;
- nthaka ndi yofatsa tamped, chitsamba amamwetsa mochuluka ndi 2-3 ndowa zamadzi;
- Muzu wa chiberekero uyenera kukhala mutsika mutabzala;
- Kwa nthawi yoyamba (masiku 14), mmerawu umadzazidwa ndi nsalu yowala;
- Nthaka imayendetsedwa ndi utuchi kapena peat;
- kwa actinidia, kubzala ndi kuyamwitsa ndilololedwa ndipo m'dzinja, m'pofunika kuyigwiritsira ntchito mofanana ndi zamakono zamakono 2-3 milungu isanafike chisanu. Chifukwa chaichi, mbande ali ndi zaka 2-3 ali abwino, okalamba ndi ovuta kulekerera nthawi yopuma.
Kubalana kwa Actinidia
Chomera chomera chimangobwera chabe - matepi, mbewu, cuttings. Njira ya vegetative idzapereka zipatso kwa zaka 3-4. Chomeracho, chokula kuchokera ku mbewu, chidzapereka zipatso zoyamba zaka 7. Njira zazikulu zowonjezera actinidia:
- Tapopi. Pamene kasupe kamataya kutuluka kumapeto ndipo masamba aang'ono amawoneka, mphukira yamphamvu imasankhidwa ndi pamwamba pamtengo wotsekedwa pansi. Malo a attachment amathiridwa ndi nthaka pamtunda wa masentimita 15 ndi utuchi. Pamwamba pa mphukira ayenera kukhala pamwamba pa nthaka. Nthaka imathiriridwa moyenera, namsongole amatha. Chaka chotsatira, mphutsi zikhoza kupatulidwa ndi thunthu la amayi ndi mizu, pogwiritsira ntchito agrotechnics - momwe mungabzalitsire actinidia m'chaka.
- Cuttings. Njira iyi ndiyofulumira kwambiri. Cuttings amapangidwa mu June, nthambi zingapo zathanzi za mamita yaitali zimadulidwa. Mapeto a mphukira amatsika m'madzi, ogawidwa m'magulu 15 cm ndi internodes awiri. Kubzala kwa cuttings mu wowonjezera kutentha kumachitika pabedi. M'nthaka, mchenga wa humus ndi mtsinje umayambika mwa magawo awiri: 2: 1 ndi fetereza fetereza (100 magalamu pa mita imodzi). Kusiyana pakati pa zojambulazo ndi masentimita asanu, impso zam'mwamba ziyenera kukhala pamwamba pa nthaka. Nthaka imakhala yothirira, chifukwa nyengo yozizira imayenera kusamalidwa - imaphimbidwa ndi masamba ogwa, ndipo kasupe kakabzala m'munda.
- Mbewu. Zomwe zimayambira kubzala zimatengedwa kuchokera ku chipatso chouma. Mu December amathiridwa masiku 4, amaikidwa mu kapron ndi bokosi la mchenga. Mbewu imayenera kusamalidwa - imayimitsidwa mlungu uliwonse kuti asafota. Mu January, bokosi la mchenga limayikidwa mufiriji. Mu March, amasamutsidwa kupita kumalo ndi kutentha kwa 10-12 ° C, mbewu zimapitiriza kukhala zowonongeka ndi kusambitsidwa.
Pamene ena a proklyutsya, njere imabzalidwa m'matsuko ndi mchenga wa mtsinje ndi nthaka ya zipatso kuti mamita 1.5 masentimita. Chikhalidwe chimayambitsidwa, chophimbidwa ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa. Pamene 3-4 mphukira kuonekera pa mphukira, zimamera obzalidwa wowonjezera kutentha. Nthawi yoyamba mbande idzaphuka pambuyo pa zaka 3-5, ndiye n'zotheka kudziwa za kugonana ndikuziika pamalo osatha.
Actinidia - kulima ndi kusamalira
Garden actinidia, kubzala ndi kusamalira zomwe zimachitidwa moyenera, zimapereka makilogalamu 20 a zipatso kuchokera ku chitsamba. Malamulo ofunika kukula chomera:
- Kudulira. Pa 3-4 wazaka zaka saplings m'chilimwe kuchotsa wosweka, underdeveloped mphukira ndi nthambi, thickening korona. Liana amaumbidwa ngati mawonekedwe ndi zowona. Ali ndi zaka 8-10, mankhwala otchedwa actinidia amachitika poyerekeza ndi kudulira - chifukwa nyengo yozizira imachoka pamtunda wokwana masentimita 40 okha.
- Zima. Pambuyo kukolola, chomeracho chimadzazidwa ndi utuchi wa utuchi ndi sapir-tree lapnika pafupi ndi mizu. Iwo samachotsa mpesa kuchokera ku trellis.
- Kutsegula. Pa kusasitsa kwa chipatso, nthaka ndi mosamalitsa podpushivayut mozama osapitirira 10 masentimita, ndipo kusamala n'kofunika kuti asawononge mizu yomwe ili pamwamba.
Actinidia - pamwamba kuvala
Kulima kwa actinidia kumaphatikizapo kubwezeretsa chomeracho, kumalimbikitsa kukula kwa mphukira zatsopano, kumapangitsa kuti nyengo yozizira ikhale yabwino. Manyowa amabwera m'dzinja atatha kukolola pamtunda wa mita imodzi: 2 kg ya humus, 40 g ya superphosphate, 10 g wa potaziyamu mchere. M'chaka, pamaso pa maluwa, kuvala pamwamba kumaphatikizapo kuwonjezera 30 magalamu a nayitrogeni ndi 20 g ya potaziyamu ndi mapulitsimadzi opangira mita iliyonse.
Actinidia maluwa - kuthirira
Kuwombera amachitainia m'munda kumayendetsedwa ndi njira ya mpweya-m'mawa ndi madzulo. Kutentha, mitsuko 6-8 ya madzi imatsanulira pansi pa chitsamba chosiyana sabata iliyonse pa nyengo yonse, kuti liana isataye masamba. Dziko lapansi likufunika kuti mizu ikhale yonyowa, koma madzi sayenera kugwedezeka m'mitsinje yapafupi. Ndi zothandiza mulch gawo lapansi ndi 10-12 masentimita wa utuchi kuteteza chinyezi.