"Makapu a sopo" ali makamera ophatikizana ali ndi lens yokhazikika, ali ndi kukula kwake ndi kulemera kwake, ndipo magawo onse okuthandizira amasinthidwa mosavuta kapena pali zochepetsera zosintha.
Kugula bokosi "sopo", mumayenera kumvetsetsa kuti zolemba zonse zotsatsa za khalidwe losayerekezeka la chithunzi - ndi nthano. Palibe khalidwe lapamwamba popanda phokoso, kulimbika kwabwino ndi mitundu yeniyeni ya kulankhula sizingakhale pano. Makamaka pamene kuwombera m'nyumba.
Ndipo komabe, nthawizina kamera yogwirizana ndikwanira. Ngati cholinga chanu - zithunzi za banja basi popanda chilakolako chofuna kubzala mtundu komanso kukhalapo kwa bokeh, mukhoza kutenga "bokosi la sopo" labwino kwambiri.
Kodi mungasankhe bwanji kamera "sopo"?
Chimodzi mwa magawo akulu a kusankha ndi kukula kwa selo (matrix) ya kamera. Powonjezerapo, chithunzi choposa chitha kutsimikizira "bokosi la sopo". Chomwe chimatchedwa khalidwe lachikopa cha chithunzichi chimasonyeza kuti palibe phokoso, kuyendetsa bwino kwa hues, khalidwe labwino pamene akuwombera popanda kuwala.
Makamera "sopo" okhala ndi matrix abwino a masentimita imodzi kapena kuposa amapereka khalidwe lovomerezeka la chithunzi. Makamera okhala ndi matrices akuluakulu sangathe kutchedwa compact.
Oimira abwino a banja la inchi "sopo" - makamera Canon, Sony Cybershot banja RX, Panasonic. Mu zipangizo izi, mimba yabwino, lenti yamtengo wapatali ndi kukula kofanana kumayanjanitsidwa bwino. Inde, mudzayenera kulipira ndalama zambiri pa izi, koma chisankho ichi chidzakhala chabwino ngati mukufuna kamera yabwino yopanda mawonekedwe osakanikirana omwe amalowa mu thumba la chikwama cha jekete ndipo saopseza obsolescence.
Pachiwiri pamtengo wapatali - optics wa kamera, ndiko kuti, lens lake. Zowonjezereka ndizochepa, ikamera ikamamva bwino. Makamera "bokosi la sopo" ndi optics abwino amaganiza kukhalapo kwa lenti ndi kutalika kwa nthawi zonse komanso njira yowongoka.
Makina ochepa kwambiri a kamera ndi liwiro la lens. Zimasonyezeratu kuti lens ili ndi mphamvu yofalitsa kuwala ndipo imawonetsedwa pa chiŵerengero cha kutalika kwake kwa disolo kufika pamzere wake wam'manja.
Tikamasintha mlingo wa kutsegula, timasintha kuchuluka kwa kuwala kolowera mu diaphragm. Kuzama kwa munda kumadalira mwachindunji pa izi. Pankhani ya kujambula kunyumba, kukula kwa munda kumakhala kopindulitsa, kubisala zolakwa poyang'ana ndi kuganizira.
Mwamwayi, mu "mabokosi a sopo" wogwiritsa ntchito sangathe kukhazikitsa zinthu zokhazokha, ndipo wina akhoza kungodalira makonzedwe ndi mapulogalamu omwe amasankha nthawi yoyenera yotsegulira izi kapena mawonekedwe owombera.
Chofunika kwambiri pakusankha zida zowonongeka ndizopanga kupanga malingaliro. Mu makamera otsika mtengo, magalasi opangira opaleshoni amagwiritsidwa ntchito, komanso kupanga "whale" optics kwa SLR zotsika mtengo makamera . Chosavuta cha nkhaniyi ndi kusintha kwa geometry pansi pa kutentha kwa thupi, kusakhazikika kwa zizindikiro zamakono chifukwa cha mphamvu zochepa.
Mu chisanu kapena kutenthedwa, pulasitiki ikukula, ma geometry a ma lens amasintha, ndipo m'kupita kwa nthawi nkhope yawo imakhalanso yotopa. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, optics pulastiki ali ndi makhalidwe abwino, makamaka - kuthetsa.
Galasi ya optics imakhalanso ndi makhalidwe osiyanasiyana. Galasi yamtengo wapatali imakhala ndi thovu, ming'alu ndi mikanda ina yaying'ono. Inde, zovuta zoterezi ndizosawerengeka ndipo zimangokhala ndi makampani odziwika bwino. Kawirikawiri, kudzilemekeza kumagetsi ndi kansalu kokhala ndi magalasi abwino, omwe amachititsa kuti zisawonongeke.