Diso laumunthu limagwira ntchito ngati lenti yomwe disolo limayankhidwa ndi kukanidwa kwa kuwala kwa kuwala. Kuti muwonetsetse masomphenya oyenera, ayenera kukhala omveka bwino. Cataract ya diso ndi chimangiri cha disolo. Izi zimabweretsa kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa masomphenya kuti akwaniritse khungu.
Zoopsa - Zimayambitsa
Matenda omwe amawafotokozera amakhudza anthu ambiri padziko lonse lapansi, amakhudza anthu asanu ndi limodzi okhalamo pa dziko lapansi ali ndi zaka makumi anayi ndi makumi asanu ndi anayi ndi makumi asanu ndi awiri (75%) okalamba, oposa zaka 80. Potembenuzidwa kuchokera ku Chigriki, dzina la matenda omwe akufotokozedwawo limveka ngati "kupopera madzi". Amadziwika bwino kuti munthu amene ali ndi cataract ya diso, ndikumverera kotani, ngati kuti mukuyang'ana mumphepete mwa madzi, phokoso limakhala lopanda pake komanso losasokonezeka.
Chinthu chachikulu chomwe chimapangitsa kuti chitukukochi chikule bwino ndikukalamba. Kusintha kwa thupi m'thupi kumapangitsa kuti thupi liwonongeke. Izi zimapangitsa kuti anthu asamawonongeke komanso kuti asokoneze kuwala. Kutsegula kwa diso la diso - kumayambitsa kusagwirizana ndi ukalamba:
- chilengedwe;
- matenda ndi kupsinjika kwa diso;
- kusuta;
- mankhwala;
- umoyo;
- matenda a endocrine;
- mankhwala ena;
- bwana.
Cataract - zizindikiro
Chiwonetsero chachikulu cha kachipatala kowonjezera malingaliro ndi kuwonongeka kwa kuwongolera ndi kuwonekera kwa masomphenya. Mphindi ya zinthu ndizophwanyika, zinthu zikhoza kuwirikiza kapena kusokoneza pamaso. Zizindikiro zina za cataract:
- kuchepa kapena kuwonjezeka kwa photosensitivity;
- kusintha kwa mtundu wa wophunzira, kupeza chovala choyera, chachikasu, choyera;
- Kuwonongeka kwa malingaliro a mtundu (dziko limakhala lochepa);
- usiku, khungu lakuda;
- halos, glare, mawanga, zilonda ndi zina zolakwika pamaso;
- kutopa mwamsanga ndi vuto la maso.
Zizindikiro zotere za m'mimba sizichitika nthaŵi imodzi. Kuwoneka kwawo ndi kuuma kwake ndizosiyana ndi odwala osiyanasiyana a ophthalmologist, omwe amatsimikizira mtundu wa matendawo. Nthawi zina, maso sagwera. Zimadalira malo a opaleshoni yoyamba mu lens. Ngati ili pamalo ozungulira, kutali ndi pakati, masomphenya amakhalabe owala komanso omveka, malingaliro a mtundu samasintha.
Ndi mtundu wanji wamatenda ulipo?
Chiwerengero cha matendawa chikuchitika malinga ndi momwe ziriri 3 - chiyambi cha matendawa, malo amtundu wa mlingo ndi mlingo wa kukula kwake. Gulu loyamba limaphatikizapo mitundu yotsatira ya mankhwalawa:
- zaka (senile);
- chisokonezo;
- fani;
- kusonkhanitsa;
- chowopsa;
- chifukwa cha matenda ofala a thupi;
- zovuta (ndi concomitant inflammation).
Malingana ndi malo omwe maso ake amatha, maso awo amagawidwa m'magulu otsatirawa:
- kutsogolo, polar kumbuyo;
- zonal (layered);
- zoboola;
- nyukiliya;
- posachedwa subcapsular;
- chithunzi;
- malizitsani (okwana).
Chinthu chotsiriza chimene chimayambitsa kadoti ndi kukula kwa kukula kwake:
- choyamba;
- chithunzi;
- okhwima;
- zoposa.
Kodi ndi zoopsa zotani?
Cholinga chachikulu cha matendawa ndi kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa masomphenya, kufikira imfa yake yonse. Zotsatira zina zonse zimatha kufotokozedwa mosavuta, kudziwa momwe diso la maso limayambira, chomwe chiri ndi zomwe zikupitilira. Matendawa akupita patsogolo ndipo akuyimira njira yosasinthika yothetsera lens. Chifukwa cha kusintha kwa mapuloteni omwe amapangidwira, ziphuphuzo zimaumitsidwa ndi kuumitsidwa. Lenti silimangowonjezereka, komanso limakula kukula, lomwe liri ndi mavuto ambiri:
- kuwonjezereka kwa intraocular ;
- glaucoma (yachiwiri, nthenda ya cataract ndiyo imene imayambitsa);
- kuphwanya magazi kumaso;
- katundu wambiri pa mitsempha ya optic ndi zina;
- kuwonongeka kwa masomphenya;
- khungu losasinthika.
Cataract - Kudziwa
Matendawa amatha kusokonezeka mosavuta ndi matenda ena opatsirana. Cataract yoyamba pa zizindikiro zikufanana ndi kutalika kwa nthawi yaitali kapena myopia, zomwe sizimayambitsa nkhaŵa yaikulu mwa anthu. Katswiri wodziŵa bwino matenda a odwala yekha amatha kupeza matendawa. Kwa izi, njira izi zikugwiritsidwa ntchito:
- zojambulajambula za diso;
- kufotokozera zamakono;
- kufufuza kwa fundus ;
- kufufuza zowona;
- chiwerengero cha kupanikizika kwa m'mimba;
- keratometry;
- kulingalira kwa chigawo cha mphamvu zamagetsi;
- gonioscopy;
- Kufufuza za luso la mitsempha ya optic;
- optical coherence tomography.
Kuchiza kwa cataract popanda opaleshoni
Kutaya kwa mpweya ndi njira yosasinthika, yomwe ikuphatikizidwa ndi kuwonongeka kosatha kwa masomphenya. Njira yokhayo yothetsera matenda ndi opaleshoni, koma anthu ambiri akuyesera kuchita chithandizo chosagwiritsira ntchito matenda a cataract. Kuyesera kotereku sikungapambane, dokotalayo adzafunikanso kugwiritsa ntchito, pokhapokha patapita nthawi yochepa ya matenda.
Kuchiza kwa cataract popanda opaleshoni ndi mankhwala
Makampani azachipatala amapereka njira zothetsera vutoli. Madontho alionse omwe ali ndi nthendayi - iyi ndi njira yothetsera kupititsa patsogolo kwake komanso njira yoteteza. Sizimathandiza kuthetseratu kutaya kwa mitsempha kapena kumvetsetsa bwino kwa masomphenya. Ophthalmologists amapereka njira zoterezo asanayambe kugwira ntchito, monga chokonzekera, kapena pambuyo pake, monga chithandizo chokonzekera mu nthawi yobwezeretsa. Madontho otchulidwa:
- Kawirikawiri Katachrom;
- Quinax ;
- Vitafakol;
- Chithunzi;
- Vita-Yodourol;
- Qatarax;
- Senkatalin;
- Chiti;
- Cataxol;
- Hrustalin;
- Reticulin;
- Taufon ;
- Emoxipine.
Matenda a Cataract ndi mankhwala ochiritsira
Mankhwala osagwiritsidwa ntchito mopanda mphamvu alibe mphamvu pamaso pa matenda, akatswiri amatsutsa njirazi zothandizira. Kuti amvetse chifukwa chake sagwire ntchito, zidzakuthandizani kuphunzira momwe cataract ikuyendera, chomwe chiri. Ma opacities omwe alipo mu mandawo sangathe kutsukidwa, kuwunikiridwa, kapena mwinamwake amawakhudza. Iwo adzapitiriza kukula kukula, ndi kufalikira, kusintha kapangidwe ka mapuloteni m'makutu a diso.
Mu mankhwala amtundu, mankhwala a cataract ndi mbewu ya katsabola ndi yotchuka. Kwa 1 tbsp. supuni iyi imayikidwa mu matumba abwino, kenako imalowa mumadzi otentha kwa mphindi ziwiri. Makina otenthawa ayenera kuyika maso pa kotala la ora, kuchokera pamwamba kuti awaphimbe ndi thaulo. Bwerezani njira zowerengera madokotala amalangiza m'mawa ndi madzulo.
Cataract ya opaleshoni ya maso
Njira yokhayo yogwiritsira ntchito lens lamoto ndi njira yothandizira opaleshoni. Ndi chithandizo chake, amathetseratu cataract iliyonse, opaleshoni ikuchitika kumayambiriro koyamba kusasitsa, ndipo pamapeto pake. Kwambiri zamakono njira ndi akupanga phacoemulsification. Uku ndi opaleshoni yochotsera nthendayi, yomwe imachitika makamaka pansi pa anesthesia.
Panthawiyi, dokotalayu amachititsa kuti diso lisakanike, kuyambira 1.8 mpaka 2.8 mm. Zimayambitsa nsonga ya chipangizo, phacoemulsifier. Iye amachita kayendedwe ka ultrasonic oscillatory ya maulendo apamwamba. Izi zimabweretsa kusintha kwa misala ya masentimita, yomwe imachotsedwa pa diso. Pali kuchotsedwa kwa cataract pamodzi ndi mapuloteni owonongeka. Mmalo mwa misa yotengedwa, intensulo yowonjezera m'mimba imayikidwa.
Kuyika kwa disolo ndi khatela kumatenga mphindi 45. Masomphenya amabwerera mofulumira, ndipo patatha maola angapo wodwalayo akhoza kubwerera kwawo. Kukonzekera kwakukulu pambuyo pa opaleshoni sikofunika. Ophthalmologists amalimbikitsa kokha kuchepetsa katundu wonyamulira kwa masiku 7-10. Palibenso njira yowonjezereka ya matendawa atatha opaleshoni.
Kupewa matenda oopsa
Chidziwikiritso cha matenda omwe adafufuzidwa m'kulephera kwake komanso kupitirizabe. Ngakhale mutaphunzira bwino mutu wa "diso la maso" -ndiyani, momwe matendawa amadziwonetsera, komanso momwe angachitire, sizingatheke kuteteza chitukuko cha matenda. Madokotala amalangiza kuti azitsatira malamulo onse a kusungidwa kwa thanzi labwino. Izi sizikutanthauza kupewa kupeweratu, koma zimathandiza kuchepetsa kukula kwa zotsatira zomwe zimapangitsa kuti diso la diso likhale lopanda mphamvu, zomwe mungachite kuti muchepetse chithandizo cha matenda:
- Gwiritsani ntchito zakudya zabwino.
- Musasute.
- Tetezani maso ku mazira a ultraviolet.
- Yang'anirani zovuta kuwona.