Chilonda cha khungu

"Dzuŵa, mpweya ndi madzi ndi mabwenzi athu apamtima!" - Ichi chinali chilankhulo cha holide yachilimwe m'zaka za m'ma 2000. N'zovuta kutsutsa izi. Kusamba m'madzi otseguka, masewera akunja akunja, kuyenda mu chilengedwe - zonsezi zimatha kulimbitsa thanzi lathu. Komano funso likubweranso, khansara ya khungu la khansa imene madokotala a m'mayiko onse akufuula mofuula m'zaka zaposachedwapa ikuchokera kuti? Tiyeni tigwirizane nazo izi.

Kodi khansa ya khungu imachokera kuti?

Kuchokera nthawi imeneyo, monga m'moyo wathu kuchokera kuzinthu zosavuta za nyenyezi zamalonda zamalonda mafashoni a thupi lamtundu walowa, chiwerengero cha ziwerengero za omwe adadwala ndi matenda oopsawa adakwera. Ndipo, pakangopita zaka makumi angapo zapitazo, matenda a khansa ya khansa yathandizidwa ndi anthu omwe anadutsa zaka makumi asanu, tsopano odwala matenda a melanoma amatha kukumana ndi amayi a zaka 23-25. Kodi n'chiyani chimayambitsa matendawa, omwe ali pachiopsezo, ndipo chiyambi cha khansa ya khungu imachokera ku chiyani?

Chinthuchi ndikuti, kuyesera kutsata mafashoni ndikutsanzira mafano omwe mumawakonda, anyamata ndi akazi, makamaka atsikana, samapewa m'mimba, mwachangu m'nyengo ya chilimwe pamphepete mwa nyanja, komanso m'nyengo yozizira mu solariums . Powonongeka kwa maselo ochuluka okhudzidwa a khungu la ultraviolet musayimilire ndi kuyamba kunyoza.

Choyamba, mu gulu loopsya, ndithudi, anthu (amuna ndi akazi) ayenera kulembedwa kwa 50, ndi chizoloŵezi chokhala ndi mabala obadwa ndi ma pigment. Ndiye omwe alibe kusintha kulikonse pakhungu, koma m'banja lawo munali khansa yochokera kwa achibale apamtima. Ndipo potsiriza, pakati pa odwala omwe ali ndi dermatologists ndi oncologists pali anthu okhala ndi khungu loyera, losavuta, lofiira kapena lofiira tsitsi, buluu, imvi ndi maso. Magulu onsewa omwe ali pamwambawa ayenera kuganizira mozama, koma kodi akufunikiradi tani yonyansa imeneyi?

Mitundu ya Khungu la Melanoma

Mwa njirayi, khansa ya khansa ya khansa imapezeka osati khungu kokha, komanso mu chiwalo chamkati komanso ngakhale m'mimba mwake. Ngakhale kuti kumapeto kwake kumatanthauza magawo osanyalanyazidwa kwambiri. Kawirikawiri, mndandanda wa matendawa umagawidwa mu mitundu ikuluikulu iwiri:

1. Matenda osakanikirana ndi nkhumba . Amatchedwanso amelanotic. Chimawonekera pa aliyense, ngakhale ndi khungu labwino la khungu. Zikuwoneka ngati kuluma kwa tizilombo, ndiko kuti, pinki yotupa chiphuphu, chokhachokha. Kukula kwa khansa ya khansa imakhalapo 7 peresenti ya milandu yonse.
2. Nodal melanoma . Izi ndizosavomerezeka kwambiri, malingaliro a madokotala, mtundu wa matenda omwe amapezeka m'mabanja 15% a amuna ndi akazi onse. Pachifukwa ichi, chotupacho chimafika mkati mwa ziphuphu, khungu ndi mazira. Pa milandu yoopsa, ngakhale minofu ndi mitsempha zimakhudzidwa.
3. Malignant melanoma . Mwanjira ina, malingaliro oipa amachedwa. Monga lamulo, zimakhudza khungu pamalo otseguka, nkhope, manja ndi khosi. Pa chiwerengero cha milandu, fomu iyi imakhala pafupifupi 10%, ndi okalamba akudwala.
4. Subungil melanoma . Dzina limalankhula lokha. Pakalipano, khungu la m'manja ndi palmuli likukhudzidwa, limakula mofulumira kwambiri, limapezeka 10%.

Zizindikiro ndi Kuzindikira Khungu la Chiphuphu

1. Chiwonetsero chilichonse cha khansa ya khansa imakhala ndi asymmetry. Ngati mutapanga mzere wolunjika pakati pa malo, ndiye kuti halves yake idzakhala yosiyana kwambiri.
2. Kupititsa patsogolo kwa matendawa, monga lamulo, kumayambira ndi timadzi timene timakhalapo, zizindikiro za kubadwa kapena mabala . Ndipo, ngati ali m'madera othamangitsidwa kwambiri, mu kubuula kapena pansi, chiopsezo chimakula nthawi zina.
3. Malo okongoletsedwa ali ndi mtundu wosiyana. Pamalo amodzi, mitundu yofiira, yofiira, yofiira ndi yofiira imatha kuphatikizidwa, kusinthasintha pakati pawo.
4. Palibe tsitsi la khansa ya khansa, ndipo fociyo imakula pang'onopang'ono, kuyambira pamimba mwake mpaka kufika pamadera akuluakulu. Pa 100% atha kudziwa kuti matendawa amatha kukhala njira yokhayokha komanso kufufuza thupi lonse mkati mwa chipatala.

Kuchiza kwa khansa ya khungu

Chithandizo cha kansa ya khungu la khansa ya khungu ndi chinthu chimodzi chokha - opaleshoni, chifukwa ndi chotupa chowonongeka, chimene chiyenera kukhala choyambirira kale.

Kuchotsedwa kwa khansa ya khansa kumakhala ndi mzere wa 3-5 masentimita a minofu yathanzi kuzungulira iyo, kuti asapewe kutenga maselo otupa m'magazi abwino. Kawirikawiri asanachotsedwe, preoperative radiotherapy ikuchitidwa. Amachiza zilonda zonse ndi mabala omwe amapangidwa kuzungulira khomo.

Mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi matenda a melanoma sagwira ntchito, chifukwa amapereka zotsatira zowopsa, m'malo mochiza matenda. Pofuna thandizo lachipatala kumayambiriro koyamba, khansa ya khansa imachiritsidwa. Ngakhale, ngati mumagwiritsa ntchito mawindo a dzuwa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mphatso zachilengedwe ndi malingaliro, ndiye kuti simusowa kuchiritsidwa.