Chotupa choopsa

Choipa ndi chotupa m'thupi, chomwe chimayambitsa ngozi kwa moyo wa munthu. Matendawa amawoneka ndi kuwonetsa maselo nthawi zonse, omwe amatha kuwononga mavitamini omwe ali pafupi. Kuonjezera apo, nthawi yambiri, foci yachiwiri imapezeka nthawi zambiri ku ziwalo zakutali. Kumayambiriro, kukula kwa chilakolako ndi njira yobisika, ndipo anthu ambiri nthawi zambiri samakayikira kuti pali vuto.

Zizindikiro ndi zizindikiro za chotupa choopsa

Malingana ndi malo a chotupacho pali zizindikiro zosiyana. Kawirikawiri, kumverera kowawa kukuwonekera pokhapokha muzigawo zotsatila. Pali zizindikiro zikuluzikulu za kukhalapo kwa matenda m'thupi:

• Zizindikiro za m'deralo (kuyimitsa pansi pa khungu, kutuluka magazi, kutupa, jaundice);
• kawirikawiri (kulemera ndi kulakalaka, kutopa kwakukulu, hyperhidrosis, kuchepa kwa magazi);
• zizindikiro za metastases (kutupa kwa maselo a mitsempha, chifuwa, kupweteka kwa mafupa, chiwindi chachikulu).

Mitundu ndi magawo a zotupa zoipa

Ziphuphu zimasiyana malinga ndi maselo omwe anachokera:

• Melanoma ikuwoneka kuchokera ku melanocytes;
• carcinoma imapangidwa kuchokera ku maselo a epithelial tissue (omwe amawoneka ngati chotupa chachikulu kwambiri);
• khansa ya m'magazi imayamba chifukwa cha chilema mu fupa;
• sarcoma ndi matenda omwe amafalikira m'mapfupa, minofu ndi ziphuphu zomangika;
• Lymphoma imachokera ku mitsempha yowonongeka;
• Malo oterewa amachokera ku maselo a mazira;
• glioma ndi kukula kwambiri kwa minofu;
• Choriocarcinoma ikufalikira kuchokera ku maselo otsekemera.

Gawo lachilomboli limatsimikiziridwa ndi katswiri, pogwiritsa ntchito mayeso oyambirira a wodwalayo. Pali zinai, ndipo zimayikidwa ndi ziwerengero zachiroma:

• I-chotupa chosaposa masentimita awiri, mitsempha yapafupi yayandikira;
• II - mankhwala osokoneza makompyuta opitirira masentimita awiri, masastasis mu maselo am'mimba;
• III - chotupacho sichitha kugwira ntchito, metastases imawonekera m'mayendedwe am'kati mwapafupi;
• IV - kukula kulikonse kwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo, ziwalo zowonjezera zimayesedwa, mapepala apachiwiri amapezeka m'madera akutali a thupi.

Kuzindikira za zotupa zakupha

Kuti mudziwe kukhalapo kwa matenda ndi malo ake, njira zosiyanasiyana zopangira ma laboratory ndi njira zothandizira:

• kuyesa magazi;
• Mafilimu ndi ma fluoroscopy;
• MRI;
• laparoscopy;
• makompyuta ndi positron emission tomography;
• dermotoscopy;
• biopsy;
• thermography .

Kuchiza kwa zotupa zoipa

Pali njira zingapo zoyenera kuthana ndi matenda:

1. Mankhwala othandizira mazira - thupi limatulukira ku dera lopangidwa ndi dzuwa, zomwe zimayambitsa kuchepa kwa chiphuphu.
2. Chemotherapy - mothandizidwa ndi wogwetsa munthu munthu amapatsidwa mankhwala apadera omwe angakhudze DNA ya maselo obisala, kuchepetsa kukula kwawo kapena kuwapha kwathunthu.
3. Immunotherapy - katemera ndi mapangidwe a interferon.
4. Njira yothandizira opaleshoni - kuchotsa chotupa chachikulu, chomwe nthawi zambiri chimayambitsa matenda.
5. Hormonotherapy. Njira imeneyi imachokera ku mphamvu ya mahomoni ena pa chitukuko cha minofu.
6. Cryotherapy - zotsatira pa chotupacho ndi madzi azitrogeni. Zotsatira zake, mkati mwa maselo owopsa pamenepo ndi matenda a kagayidwe kachakudya. Kuphatikizanso apo, khungu lamchere limakhala ndi zotsatira zowononga.
7. Thandizo la Photodynamic . Njirayi ikugwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito photosensitizing zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mosavuta m'matenda opweteka. Kenaka matendawa amawotchera ndi kuwala kwapadera. Chotsatira chake, chiwerengero chochuluka cha zowonongeka zimapangidwira zomwe zimawononga maselo oopsa.