Filosofi ya moyo ndiyo tanthauzo la moyo ndi imfa ya munthu

Filosofi ya moyo ndi dongosolo la mawonedwe a munthu. Kufunafuna mayankho ku mafunso ofunika pamoyo, tanthauzo lake, bwanji, ndi chiyani komanso chiyani, siima. Kuyambira kalekale, maganizo a akatswiri azafilosofi adalankhula za izi. Zochitika zambiri zapangidwa, koma anthu adzifunsabe mafunso awa.

Kodi filosofi ya moyo ndi chiyani?

Lingaliro la "filosofi ya moyo" liri ndi matanthauzo awiri:

1. Mafilosofi aumwini, omwe ali pakati pake ndi yankho la mafunso omwe alipo ponena za umunthu wa munthu.
2. Malangizo afilosofi, omwe anabadwira ku Germany mu theka lachiwiri la XIX atumwi monga momwe amachitira zovuta. Oyimira wamkulu:

• Wilhelm Dilthey;
• Henri Bergson;
• Chithunzi;
• Friedrich Nietzsche;
• Georg Simmel;
• Arthur Schopenhauer.

Lingaliro la moyo mu filosofi

Malingaliro a moyo mu filosofi anali otanganidwa ndi malingaliro a ambiri oganiza. Mawu omwewo ndi ofunika kwambiri ndipo akhoza kuwonedwa kuchokera mmaganizo osiyanasiyana:

• zamoyo (monga mtundu wa kukhalapo kwa nkhani);
• malingaliro (monga mawonekedwe a kukhalapo kwa chidziwitso);
• chikhalidwe-mbiri (monga mawonekedwe a kukhalapo kwa anthu).

Philosophy wa moyo - mfundo zazikulu

Filosofi ya moyo yadzigwirizanitsa palokha njira zosiyana zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi malingaliro ofanana. Iwo unayambira monga momwe anachitira ndi miyambo yafilosofi yomwe inatha nthawi yaitali, yokonzedweratu ndi kulingalira. Lingaliro la filosofi ya moyo ndilokuti kukhala chinthu choyamba, ndipo kupyolera mwa icho chingathe kumvetsa chinachake. Njira zonse zomveka za kuzindikira dziko - m'mbuyomo. Iwo amalowetsedwa ndi osalongosoka. Maganizo, umunthu, chikhulupiriro ndizo zida zenizeni zodziwira chowonadi.

Irrationalism ndi filosofi ya moyo

Kusokonezeka kumakhazikitsidwa pazochitika zapadera za umunthu, kufunika kwa chibadwa ndi malingaliro, kusiyana ndi kuzindikira koluntha. Iye, monga chikondi m'mabuku, adayamba kuchitapo kanthu. Zinawonetsedwera mu mbiri yakale ndi chikhalidwe cha Wilhelm Dilthey. Kwa iye, chidziwitso chonse chinali chifukwa cha mbiri yakale, choncho adatsimikizira kufunikira kwa umunthu.

Johann Georg Gaman, wafilosofi wa ku Germany, anakana njira yakusinkhasinkha, kufunafuna choonadi mwakumverera ndi chikhulupiriro. Kukhala ndi chidaliro chaumwini ndicho chotsatira chachikulu cha choonadi. Bwenzi lake la gulu lolemba "Mphepo Yamkuntho ndi Chiwonongeko" Friedrich Jacobi adalimbikitsa chikhulupiliro ndi chidziwitso cha chikhulupiliro potsutsana ndi chidziwitso cha nzeru.

Friedrich Schelling ndi Henri Bergson, okhudzidwa ndi zochitika zapadera zaumunthu, adatembenukira ku chidziwitso, chomwe "chimawona zinthu zosaoneka ndi sayansi." Maganizowo sanachotsedwe, adataya udindo wawo. Chidziwitso ndi injini imene imakhalapo. Pragmatism, existentialism, irrationalism ndi nzeru ya moyo yomwe imapangitsa lingaliro la moyo wa munthu ndi lingaliro.

Tanthauzo la moyo wa munthu ndi filosofi

Vuto la tanthauzo la moyo mu filosofi wakhala ndipo likukhala lofunikira. Mayankho a mafunso okhudza tanthauzo la moyo ndi zomwe zimapangitsa moyo wafilosofi osiyanasiyana kuti akhale ndi moyo wofunikira kwa zaka mazana ambiri:

1. Afilosofi akale anali ogwirizana pa lingaliro lakuti chofunika cha moyo waumunthu chiri mwa kufunafuna ubwino, chimwemwe. Kwa Socrates, chimwemwe n'chofanana ndi ungwiro wa moyo. Kwa Aristotle - chikhalidwe cha umunthu. Ndipo chofunikira cha munthu ndi moyo wake. Ntchito yauzimu, kulingalira ndi kuzindikira kumabweretsa chimwemwe. Epicurus anali ndi tanthawuzo (chimwemwe) mu zosangalatsa, zomwe iye amaimira osati zosangalatsa, koma monga kusowa mantha, thupi ndi kuvutika kwauzimu.
2. Mu Middle Ages ku Ulaya, lingaliro la tanthawuzo la moyo linali logwirizana mwachindunji ndi miyambo, malingaliro achipembedzo ndi chikhalidwe chamtengo wapatali. Apa pali kufanana ndi filosofi ya moyo ku India, komwe kubwereza kwa moyo wa makolo, kusungidwa kwa chikhalidwe ndizofunikira.
3. Afilosofi a zaka za XIX-XX ankakhulupirira kuti moyo waumunthu ndi wopanda pake ndi wopanda nzeru. Schopenhauer ankanena kuti zipembedzo zonse ndi mafilosofi amayesera kupeza moyo ndikutanthauzira moyo wopanda pake. Sistre, Heidegger, Camus, amatsutsana ndi moyo ndi nzeru, ndipo ndi munthu yekha amene angadziwe zochita zake ndi zosankha zake.
4. Njira zamakono zokhudzana ndi chikhalidwe ndi zokhudzana ndi chikhalidwe zimati moyo umapeza tanthawuzo, chomwe chili chofunika kwa munthu payekha. Zingakhale chilichonse - zopindula, ntchito, banja, luso, kuyenda. Ndi munthu wotani amene amayamikira moyo wake ndikuwunikira. Malingaliro awa a moyo ali pafupi kwambiri ndi anthu ambiri amakono.

Filosofi ya moyo ndi imfa

Vuto la moyo ndi imfa mu filosofi ndi chimodzi mwa mafungulo. Imfa chifukwa cha ndondomeko ya moyo. Munthu ngati chamoyo chilichonse chamoyo ndi chakufa, koma mosiyana ndi zinyama zina, amadziwa kuti amafa. Izi zimamukakamiza kumaganiza za cholinga cha moyo ndi imfa. Ziphunzitso zonse zafilosofi zikhoza kukhala zogawanika kukhala mitundu iwiri:

1. Palibe moyo pambuyo pa imfa . Pambuyo pa imfa, palibe chikhalire, pamodzi ndi thupi la munthu, moyo wake, chikumbumtima chake, chikuwonongeka.
2. Moyo pambuyo pa imfa ndi . Njira yokhudzana ndichipembedzo, moyo padziko lapansi ndi kukonzekera moyo pambuyo pake kapena kubwezeretsedwa.

Mabuku pa filosofi ya moyo pa kudzikuza

Zopeka zingakhale chitsimikizo chabwino cha kuunika kwafilosofi. Osati kokha sayansi kapena mabuku otchuka a sayansi, olembedwa ndi akatswiri afilosofi, akubweretsa malingaliro atsopano a filosofi ndi kulimbikitsa kukula kwauzimu . Mabuku asanu omwe filosofi ya moyo waumunthu imaperekedwa:

1. "Kuchokera" . Albert Camus. Bukhuli ndi nthano, mmenemo mlembi anatha kusonyeza malingaliro ofunikira okhalapo, ngakhale bwino kusiyana ndi mafilosofi.
2. Siddhartha . Hermann Hesse. Bukhuli lidzabweretsa malingaliro anu kuchokera ku zodetsa za m'tsogolomu ndikuganiza za kukongola kwamakono.
3. "Chithunzi cha Dorian Gray" . Oscar Wilde. Buku lalikulu lokhudza zoopsa zokhudzana ndi kunyada ndi zopanda phindu, mmenemo owerenga adzapeza zambiri zowonongeka komanso kufufuza zamunthu.
4. "Ndizo zomwe Zarathustra adanena . " Friedrich Nietzsche. Nietzsche wapanga chimodzi mwa ziphunzitso zoyambirira ndi zowona mu mbiri yake yonse. Malingaliro ake akudodometsa kwambiri m'madera achikhristu. Anthu ambiri amakana mawu a Nietzsche akuti "Mulungu wamwalira," koma mu ntchito iyi Nietzsche akulongosoladi mawu awa ndi mawu osangalatsa okhudza moyo pa Dziko Lapansi.
5. "Kusintha . " Franz Kafka. Atadzutsidwa, wolimba wa nkhaniyo adapeza kuti wasanduka tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ...

Mafilimu okhudza nzeru za moyo

Atsogoleri amayang'ana zojambula zawo ku mutu wa moyo waumunthu. Mafilimu okhudza nzeru za moyo, zomwe zingakupangitseni kuganiza:

1. «Mtengo wa Moyo» . Yotsogoleredwa ndi Terrence Malick. Mafilimuwa akukweza mafunso mamiliyoni ambiri okhudzana ndi tanthauzo la moyo, vuto la umunthu.
2. "Kutentha Kwamuyaya kwa Maganizo Opanda Pake . " Chithunzi cha Michel Gondry, chomasulidwa pa zojambulazo mu 2004, ndi mtundu wa chiphunzitso chafilosofi za momwe mungakhalire moyo wanu, kulakwitsa ndi kusaiwala za iwo.
3. Kasupe . Mafilimu osangalatsa ochokera ku Darren Aranofsky adzasonyeza kutanthauzira kwatsopano kwa chenicheni.