Garden blueberries - zinsinsi za kukula bwino

Chomeracho ndi munda wa buluu wa ku USA, unabwera ku Ulaya m'zaka zapitazi ndipo unakhazikitsidwa mwakhama m'nyumba za chilimwe ndi minda yamakampani. Zipatso zimadziŵika chifukwa cha kukoma kwawo kokoma ndi kowawasa, ndipo zimakhala ndi zowonjezera za zidulo ndi shuga. Iwo ali oyenerera kusungidwa ndi kuzizira, pamene akusungira kukoma kwawo ndi mankhwala.

Buluu wamaluwa - ndondomeko

Mdima wandiweyani, pafupifupi wakuda, wokutidwa ndi maluwa oyera a zipatso zamabuluu, ambiri onga. Ziri zazikulu komanso zinyama, zimakula pa tchire, zimakhala ndi kukoma kokoma. Zipatso zimadzaza ndi zinthu zothandiza, 100 g ya zipatso zili ndi 0,81 g ya potaziyamu, 0.01 g yachitsulo ndi 0.14 g ya vitamini C. Iwo ali ndi zotsatira zothandizira pa impso, mtima, kusintha masomphenya, kuchepetsa chiwindi shuga , kulimbikitsa kusungunuka kwa madzi ammimba. Chifukwa chake, anthu ambiri amafuna kulima mabulosi amenewa mumunda.

Kufotokozera mwachidule chikhalidwe:

• Mizu ya mbewu ndi umbilical, popanda nthambi zotsalira;
• Akuwombera - amauma, ataphimbidwa ndi makungwa;
• Chitsamba, malingana ndi zosiyanasiyana, chili ndi mamita 1-2;
• amawoneka ofewa, lonse, lanceolate, mpaka 3 cm long;
• maluwa asanu-toothed, okhala ndi pinki kapena woyera whisk;
• Zipatso zili ndi buluu ndi buluu, kulemera kwake - kuchokera pa 1 mpaka 25 magalamu, malingana ndi zosiyanasiyana.

Pamwamba-ololera baka la munda buluu, m'chilimwe kwambiri wophimbidwa ndi zipatso zakumwamba, zotalika. Ziri zazikulu kuposa nkhalango ndipo zimagonjetsedwa ndi matenda ambiri. Chomeracho chimakonda kukongoletsa chaka chonse - chimamera m'chaka, chimapindula bwino m'chilimwe, masamba amatha kukhala amchere mumtunda. Mwa anthu, khalidwe lina la chomera limadziwika - mukutentha kumatulutsa mafuta ofunikira, omwe akamaphatikizapo amachititsa kuti mumve mowa mwauchidakwa. Choncho, chikhalidwecho chinatchedwanso "chidakhwa".

Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya munda wa blueberries

Odyetsa amapanga mitundu yambiri ndi zowonongeka za munda wa blueberries (pafupifupi 20), zosiyana ndi makhalidwe awo. Zipatso zoyambirira zimayimbidwa mu July-August, mochedwa - pofika pa September. Mitengo yayitali ndi yotsika, ambiri mwa iwo akulimbana ndi chisanu, kuzizira kwa nyengo kumakhala koopsa kwa maluwa. Sizinthu zonse zakunja zimagwirizana kumpoto - kumapeto kwake zimatha kukwanitsa ndi 30 peresenti. Choncho, pakatikati pa kucha ndi mitundu yoyamba zimalimbikitsidwa bwino pakatikati.

Buluu wamaluwa - zabwino kwambiri mitundu:

1. Blueberger Garden Northbloom. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi yaifupi, chitsamba chimakula kufika masentimita 90. Zipatso zimakhwima kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa August, mbewu - kufika 3 makilogalamu kuchokera ku chitsamba. Zipatso ndi zazikulu, zosungidwa kwa nthawi yaitali, zomwe zimalimbikitsa mafakitale processing ndi zakudya zatsopano. Mitundu ya Northblo imadziwika ndi chisanu chokanika, sizimawonongeka pa -35 ° С.
2. Mabulosi achikasu munda Elizabeth. Chikhalidwe chalitali, chili ndi chitsamba chokhazikika mamita 1.8 mamita ake. Zipatso zimayambira kumayambiriro kwa August, fruiting imatenga pafupifupi masabata awiri, zokolola - 4-6 makilogalamu pa chitsamba. Ziri zazikulu (mpaka 22 mm.), Khalani ndi khungu la buluu, lokoma ndi lopweteka. Elizabeti - imodzi mwa mitundu yabwino kwambiri ya mochedwa kwa kukoma ndi kukoma, ngakhale kuti gawo la mbeu silimakhala ndi nthawi yakuphuka.
3. Bonasi ya Buluu Yam'madzi. Ichi ndi chikhalidwe chachikulu kwambiri komanso chamatali kwambiri. Zipatso zimafika 30mm. m'mimba mwake, zipse mu July-August, okoma kulawa. Zili zoyenera kudya komanso kuzizira. Zosiyanasiyana zimalolera kuzizira.

Mitundu yoyambirira yamaluwa a blueberries

Zipatso za blueberries zimatha kusangalala kale pakati pa chilimwe. Mitundu yoyambirira yotchuka ndi iyi:

1. Blueberries Garden Blugold. Mitundu yoyamba, ili ndi chitsamba chofalikira. Zipatso zili ndi buluu, ndi zonunkhira thupi, zogwiritsidwa ntchito kumayambiriro kwa July. Zipatso zimafota, ziyenera kusonkhanitsidwa mwamsanga. Kulima - 4,5 makilogalamu kuchokera ku chitsamba. Chikhalidwe kawirikawiri chimakhala ndi chisanu, choyenera kumpoto.
2. Garden buluu Duke. Kutalika, kulolera (8 makilogalamu kuchokera ku chitsamba), mitundu yosiyanasiyana yomwe sichiwopa chisanu m'chaka - maluwa amangiridwa mochedwa, zipatso zimapezeka pakati pa July. Zitsamba za buluu munda Duke ayenera kudula kuti zipatso zikhale zazikulu. Zipatsozi zimakhala ndi kukoma kwabwino komanso kununkhiza.

Kodi mungakonde bwanji buluu?

Poganizira momwe mungamerekere buluu wamaluwa, nkofunika kulingalira zofunika zofunika pazomwe zimalima:

• sankhani malo a dzuwa, otsekedwa ndi mphepo (mumthunzi zokolola zidzakhala zowawa ndi zazing'ono);
• kuti afotokoze acidity ya nthaka - chizindikiro chimayenera m'mizere ya 3.5-4.5 (pofuna kulimbitsa mchere, utuchi wa mtengo wa coniferous).
• malo oti chodzala ayenera kuyima kwa zaka zingapo "pansi pa nthunzi" (palibe choyenera kukhala pansi);
• nthaka imakhala yosalala, yowonongeka (dongo la dothi silili loyenera mizu);
• kubzala nthawi - masika kapena autumn. Kuwombera koyambirira kumadalirika kwambiri pa nyengo yozizira yam'tsogolo.

Kodi mungabzala bwanji buluu wamaluwa?

Malangizo - momwe mungabzalitsire munda wa buluu:

• Kubzala mabowo akukumba mamita 60 cm ndi kuya kwa masentimita 40;
• Ikani gawo lokonzekera - sphagnum peat, coniferous utuchi, moss;
• mu dzenje ikani 2 tbsp. spoons wa sulfure nthaka acidification;
• Mbewu kuchokera mu mphika, limodzi ndi dothi ladothi, imatsikira m'madzi kwa theka la ora, ndiye mizu imawombedwa bwino ndipo mphukira imabzalidwa mumenje;
• Pambuyo pophunzitsa achinyamata, nthaka yomwe ili pafupi ndi tsinde imakhala yamphongo komanso yothira.
• Kuchokera kumwamba, dziko lapansi lili ndi utuchi wa utuchi masentimita 5, pamene tiwombedwa, timapindula ndi nayitrogeni ndi zidulo.

Kodi buluu wamaluwa umakula bwanji?

Chikhalidwe ndi shrub. Choncho kubzala buluu wamaluwa umakhala mzere umodzi ndi mamita 1.5, pakati pa mizera - 1 mamita. Njira zoterozo zinasankhidwa chifukwa cha zizindikiro za zomera, zomwe zimatha kukula mpaka kukula, ndipo nthambi zimakhala pansi pa nthaka. Mu chiwembu chotero, chikhalidwe chimalandira kuwala kwapamwamba kwambiri ndipo chimakula bwino kwambiri.

Kusamalira munda wa buluu

Kuchotsa udzu ndi lamulo lofunika kwambiri pa kulima. Palibe zomera zachilendo zomwe zimaloledwa - zimaphika pores m'nthaka ndi kuchepetsa kudyetsa kuthengo. Kuzama kwa kumasula - masentimita 10, kuti asawononge mizu. Zokongola kukula kwa zipatso zimadalira pa luso kuthirira - munda buluu ndi chinyezi-chikondi, pamwamba wosanjikiza wa gawo lapansi ayenera kukhala lonyowa. Mu kutentha, amafunika kuthirira korona ndi madzi ofunda m'mawa kapena madzulo. Kuonjezera apo, kusamalira kumapereka kudulira ndi kuthira feteleza, chifukwa munda wamabuluu ndi woyenera chifukwa cha feteleza feteleza. Pakuti m'nyengo yozizira zida zazitsamba zimadulidwa ndi utuchi.

Dothi la munda wa blueberries

Chomeracho chimakonda mchenga, dothi la peaty, losavuta kudutsa madzi ndi mpweya. Chikhalidwe chimakula bwino m'nthaka yokhala ndi pH ya 3.5-4.5 - ndizofunika kuti bowa lomwe limakhala ndi chitsamba komanso limakhala ndi mzuzi, zomwe siziri mmunda wokha. Mutabzala, nthawi yomwe sulfure ndi singano zimaphatikizidwa ku dzenje la acidification, chisamaliro cha munda buluu chimapereka madzi okwanira. Kawiri pa mlungu, citric asidi (50 magalamu pa chidebe) amawonjezeredwa ku madzi. Ikhoza kusinthidwa ndi vinyo wosasa - 50 ml. kwa malita 10 a madzi.

Garden buluu - kuthirira

Chomeracho n'chochuluka kwambiri, chimafuna nthawi zambiri kuchepetsa. Mitengo ya munda wa buluu ayenera kukhala ndi ndondomeko ya ulimi wothirira, pamene mizu idzakhala yambiri, koma siidzakhala yochuluka kwa masiku angapo. Sungani buluuwiri kawiri pa sabata, ndikutsanulira chidebe cha madzi pansi pa mbeu iliyonse wamkulu m'mawa kapena madzulo. Makamaka chitsamba chimafuna kusungunuka mu July ndi August, mutatha maluwa a zipatso zamtsogolo.

Kudyetsa munda wa blueberries

Kuwaza feteleza kumayamba kuchokera chaka chachiwiri cha kulima ndipo kumachitika nyengo yozizira ikadutsa pokhapokha ndi mchere. Onjezerani organic feteleza ( kompositi , phulusa, manyowa) ndiletsedwa - zimakhudza kwambiri chitsamba. Zomwe mungadyetse maluwa a mabulosi a buluu kuti mupititse patsogolo kukula kwake:

• superphosphate (100 magalamu pa chitsamba);
• ammonium sulfate ;
• zinki sulfate (2 g pa chitsamba);
• sulfate ya potaziyamu (2 g pa chitsamba);
• Sulfuric magnesium (15 g pa chitsamba).

Sulphate ya ammonium imayambira mu magawo atatu - panthawi ya kutupa kwa nthaka, kumayambiriro kwa May ndi June. Pafupipafupi, valani 90 g. Buluu wam'munda umakuwuzani kuti kudyetsa n'kofunika:

• Ngati masamba aphulika m'chaka, phosphates amafunika;
• Ngati zowonongeka ndi zochepa, nayitrojeni yawonjezeredwa;
• kudula masamba kumasonyeza kusowa kwa potaziyamu;
• chikasu - kusowa kwa boron.

Kudulira mitengo ya buluu wamaluwa

Kwa chaka chilichonse kudya yowutsa mudyo zipatso, m'chaka, pamaso pa masamba kutuluka, kapena m'dzinja pambuyo kugwa kwa kugwa, chitsamba chiyenera kudulidwa. Mmene mungamere munda wa buluu ndi mtundu wa korona:

1. Primary puladula kudulira ikuchitika 3-4 zaka mutabzala mbewu. Izi zimadula mphukira zonse zochepa, zofooka komanso zowonjezereka. Siyani wolimba ndi wogawanika;
2. Chaka chilichonse, kudulira mitengo kumayendetsedwa. Kuti muchite izi:

• kuchotsani nthambi zakuwonongeka, zofooka, zosasangalatsa;
• Mphukira zazikulu zimatumikira zaka zisanu ndi zisanu ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi, zitatha kudulidwa pansi;
• kumapeto kwa chilimwe, nsonga za nthambi zowonjezereka zimang'amba;
• Chotsani mitolo ya nthambi zing'onozing'ono kumapeto kwa mphukira.

Matenda a buluu wamaluwa

Zitsamba nthawi zina zimakhudzidwa ndi matenda a fungal, mabakiteriya. Matenda ambiri:

• Matenda a fungal:

1. imvi zowola ;
2. Kansa ya tsinde;
3. chowonetsa mochedwa;
4. fomopsis;

Zimayambitsidwa ndi madzi omwe amapezeka m'midzi komanso kusowa kwa nthaka. Pofuna kuthetsa vutolo, nkofunika kuonetsetsa kuti madzi okwanira ndi omasuka. Monga chithandizo 2-3 nthawi yopopera mbewu m'munda ndi nthawi ya sabata pokonzekera Topazin, Readzolum imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kusamalira buluu wamaluwa pamatenda oletsa matendawa kumapereka chithandizo cha baka Bordeaux kusakaniza m'chaka ndi pambuyo pokolola.

• Matenda a chiwindi. Nthawi zina zomera zimakhudzidwa ndi matenda opangidwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Pochiza chitsamba sizingatheke - ndikofunikira kuyeretsa zowonongeka zakugwa.

Kubalanso munda wa buluu

Mukhoza kukulitsa maluwa a mabulosi m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Momwe mungayambitsire munda wa buluu:

1. Mbewu. Amachokera ku chipatsocho, zouma, kusungidwa kwa miyezi itatu mufiriji ndikuphatikizidwa mu gawo lapansi losakanizidwa ndi peat wowawasa. Mbewu yokhala ndi cellophane, madzi, kumasula. Mukhoza kubzala mbande m'nthaka pambuyo pa zaka ziwiri.
2. Cuttings. Mphukira yambiri imakonzedwa mu autumn kapena masika. Kutalika kwake kwapadera ndi masentimita 8-15. Kuti apulumuke mwezi umodzi, amasungidwa kutentha kozizira kwa madigiri 1-5, kenaka amafesedwa mu mapangidwe a peat ndi mchenga kuphatikizapo 3: 1. Cuttings amaikidwa pansi pa filimu ndi kuthirira katatu pa sabata. Kwa chaka chimodzi, umere mbande zamphamvu, zomwe zikhoza kukhazikika mu dzenje losatha.
3. Kuyika. Nthambi zimagwera pansi, kuziikidwa mu gawo lapansi (peat, utuchi, mchenga) ndipo ili ndi filimu. Kuchokera ku chitsamba cha mayi, zigawozo zimagawidwa chaka chotsatira, koma nthawi zina amawonjezera.