Chilengedwe ndi cholemera ndi chosiyana kwambiri, monga momwe tingawonere poyendera makona osiyanasiyana a dziko lathu lalikulu kapena kulangiza maulendo ku mayiko ena. Ndizosangalatsa kuyang'ana gulu lapadera la zomera, zomwe zimasiyana ndi zomera zomwe tinkakonda kuziona tsiku ndi tsiku - zitsamba. Izi ndi nthawi imodzi yomwe mitundu yambiri yafalikira, ndipo panthawi imodzimodziyo, oimira ake sangatchedwe kuti ndi ochuluka. Kotero, tiyeni tiwone kumene mbedza imakula.
Kodi lichen ikukula kuti?
Otsitsi amatchedwa gulu la zamoyo, zomwe ndi gulu la bowa ndi algae omwe amakhala ngati thupi limodzi. Mwachilengedwe, pali mitundu 26,000 ya mitundu yawo, mwa izi zomwe zimatchulidwa:
- Chimake, chikukula pamwamba;
- epigene, malo awo - nthaka (monga Icelandic moss );
- epiphytic, mitengo yamtengo wapatali.
Zilonda zimapezeka ponseponse m'mlengalenga - zimakula kumayiko onse, osati ku Antarctica. N'zosadabwitsa kuti ngakhale m'mayiko osabereka a Arctic, mitundu yodabwitsa imeneyi imapezeka. Awa ndiye malo omwe maluwa akuda amakula. Pali kutentha, pafupifupi madzi, koma mdima umathandiza thupi kulandira kuwala kwa dzuwa kotulutsidwa m'munsi. Eya, chiwindi chakuda chimatengera madzi ku chisanu chomwe chimasungunuka padzuwa. Kwa nthawi yaitali, akatswiri asayansi sanadziŵe kuti zinyama zinali zonyansa. Zoonadi, mpaka pano mu sayansi palibe lingaliro limodzi loti pali bodza - woimira ufumu wa bowa kapena ufumu wa zomera.
Malo okwera kukula, komwe amakhala ndi lichens, amayamba, miyala, ndi nthaka. Komanso, lichen amamva bwino m'madera ovuta a kumpoto, m'tauni, m'mapiri okwezeka komanso m'mayiko otentha. Pokhala ndi chikhalidwe chosalemekezeka, chibwibwi chikhazikika m'mapiri ndi m'mayiko osauka. Pankhaniyi, mazira, potsirizira pake amawononga dothi lopanda miyala, ndi imfa ya humus wosanjikiza yomwe kenako imakhala ndi zomera zina. Mwa njira, lichens imakula pang'onopang'ono kwambiri, mwachitsanzo, kukula kwa yagel ndi 2-3mm pachaka.
Pachifukwa ichi, malo a lichens sangathe kutchulidwa ndi malo akuluakulu, makamaka ndi makampani opangidwa patsogolo. Zifukwa zomveka kuti ziphuphu sizikula mumzinda ndi zomveka. Mlengalenga mu mizinda ndiyipitsidwa, izo zowona ndizosavomerezeka. Chowonadi ndi chakuti, oimira ambiri a lichens ndizofunika kwambiri kuti apange oksijeni mumlengalenga. Koma izi sizikutanthawuza kuti dera lamatawuni silingapezekanso konse. Sizimakula m'madera okhudzana ndi mafakitale, ndipo kunja kwake amatha kupeza mitengo ikuluikulu yokhala ndi mitengo ya tizilombo.
Kodi lichens ikukula ku Russia?
Mitundu yambiri ya mbidzi imakula m'gawo lalikulu la Russian Federation. M'mapiri a spruce, n'zotheka kuona zivundi zakuda za munthu wonyezimira akubwera ku nthambi. Mukamayendera nkhalango yapaini, zimakhala zachilendo kupeza malo amtundu uliwonse m'munsi mwa mapazi a mapepala ogwiritsidwa ntchito
Nthawi zina pa miyala pafupifupi dera lililonse la dzikolo mukhoza kupeza thovu lofiirira. Zimapangidwa ndi zotchedwa lichens.
Mu chilengedwe, palinso masamba a lichens (mwachitsanzo, khoma la xanthra), kupanga mapangidwe apamwamba a mbale. Amaphimba osati miyala yokha, komanso mitengo ikuluikulu, nthambi.