Aliyense amene akufuna kumvetsetsa zomwe pulmonologist akuchiza, ayenera kudziŵa makamaka dokotala uyu - matenda a munthu kupuma, komanso makamaka - matenda a m'munsi opuma. Kufunika koti apange chidziwitso chochepa choterocho chinayambika chifukwa cha kufalikira kwakukulu kwa matenda a mbiriyi.
Pulmonologist - ndani uyu ndi chimene chimachiritsa?
Kupuma ndiko njira yofunikira kwambiri yomwe imapereka oxygen ku thupi. Kupuma kwa mphindi zitatu chifukwa cha kupuma, kumira kwa mapapo kapena kuvulala popanda kuthandizidwa mwamsanga madokotala akupha. Ngakhale kuchepa kwa mpweya wotuluka mpweya chifukwa cha kutupa kapena matenda kungabweretse mavuto ambiri m'thupi. Ngati pali vuto ndi kupuma, munthu ayenera kufunsa katswiri wa pulmonologist.
Yankho la funso lokhudza mtundu wa dokotala ndi pulmonologist: uyu ndi katswiri wodzichepetsa amene amadziŵa bwino njira zomwe zimapangitsa kuti thupi lizizira. Chifukwa cha zolinga zomwe analandira komanso zotsatira za kafukufuku, dokotala ayenera kupereka chithandizo chomwe chimaganizira momwe thupi la wodwalayo limakhalira komanso zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa:
- zovuta;
- cholowa;
- kusuta;
- chimfine;
- kupweteka kwa chifuwa;
- kugwira ntchito yopanga zoipa;
- matenda - mavairasi, mabakiteriya, bowa, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Pulmonologist - ndani uyu?
Maluso a pulmonologist amapita ku mawonekedwe a ziwalo za kupuma, zizindikiro za ntchito zawo ndi zomwe zimayambitsa chitukuko cha matenda. Katswiri wa pulmonologist ndi katswiri pa matenda:
- chitsulo;
- kuwala;
- chifundo;
- tsatanetsatane;
- Mphuno (ngati kutupa kumayambitsa magawo apansi a kupuma).
Kodi amachitira chiani dokotala wa pulmonologist?
Pulmonology ndi imodzi mwa njira zofunika kwambiri zamankhwala, dokotala wa pulmonologist ayenera kukhala m'chipatala chirichonse, chifukwa cha chilengedwe choipa, kukula kwa chiwerengero cha chifuwa, kuchepetsa chitetezo chokwanira ndi zina zoipa, chiwerengero cha odwala matenda opuma akuwonjezeka. Kwa funso limene pulmonologist limapereka ana ndi akulu, mayankhowo adzakhala osiyana kwambiri, choncho ndibwino kuti katswiri asankhe wodwala wa msinkhu woyenera.
Kwa odwala a msinkhu wa ana dokotala yemwe ali ndi pulmonologist, yemwe iye ndi yemwe amachitira, amadziwika kawirikawiri. Ngakhalenso ndi chimfine choopsa, madokotala a ana komanso otolaryngologists ndi opambana kwambiri. Thandizo la pulmonologist likufunidwa ngati chimfine chimawopsya ndi zovuta kapena chimathamangira ku gawo lachilendo ndi kuwonjezereka kwa matenda a m'munsi opuma. Ngati pali katswiri pa chipatala cha ana, akufunsana kuti akafunse mwana:
- mphutsi yamoto;
- bronchitis - yovuta kapena yachilendo;
- chibayo ;
- chifuwa chachikulu;
- X - matenda omwe majeremusi ndi ma chitetezo a mthupi amachulukira m'mapapo ndi mafupa;
- cystic fibrosis - matenda osokoneza bongo, ophatikizidwa ndi njira zambiri zamagulu, kuphatikizapo m'mapapo.
Kwa anthu akuluakulu, mavuto ambiri omwe amalembedwa kwa pulmonologist ndi ochuluka kwambiri. Izi ndi matenda a mphumu omwe amatha kale, chibayo, bronchitis, ndi zina, zomwe zimakhala zovuta komanso zoopsa matenda, kukula ndi ukalamba kapena chifukwa chokhala ndi moyo wosayenera, zinthu zoopsa pakupanga. Izi siziri mndandanda wathunthu wa zomwe wamkulu wamapiritsi akuchiza:
- pleurisy - kutukumula kwa mapepala opepesa kapena kugwidwa kwa exudate mu chumity;
- embolia (pulmonary) - kutseka kwa mitsempha yam'madzi (thrombus, air bubble, maselo otupa, mafuta particles, zinthu zakunja);
- chotupa choipa (hamartoma) - chikugwirizana ndi minofu yamapapu, koma amasiyana ndi mitsempha ya mitsempha ndi zinyama zina;
- idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis - kutaya haemosiderin pigment m'mapapu;
- kuthamanga kwa magazi mu cavity;
- pneumothorax - kusungunuka kwa mpweya mumphepete mwachangu;
- Kupweteka kwa m'mapapo - kumachitika motsatira maziko a thrombosis kapena pulmonary embolism;
- pulmonary hypertension - kuwonjezeka kwamtendere kumapapu;
- pulmonary fibrosis - kuchuluka kwa minofu yolumikizana m'mapapo;
- sarcoidosis - mapangidwe a granulomas m'mapapu;
- Kupuma kwa kupuma usiku;
- Matenda osokoneza bongo - kuperewera kwapansi paulendo wautali mumlengalenga;
- Khansara ya mapapo - mapangidwe odetsa m'mapapo;
- Chifuwa chachikulu ndi matenda opatsirana kwambiri, omwe amawotchera m'mapapo.
Ndiyenera kupita liti kwa pulmonologist?
Kuwopsa kwa matenda okhudzana ndi kupuma, kumapangitsa aliyense kudziwa nthawi yopita ku pulmonologist. Kawirikawiri, wodwalayu amatsogoleredwa ndi wodwala, kutengera zizindikiro zina zowonongeka. Munthuyoyo akhoza kukayikira matenda a mapulaneti pamene:
- chifuwa chokwanira, wouma kapena kupuma kwa mimba;
- chifuwa chopatukana ndi magazi kapena ndi mtundu wosasuka wa sputum;
- Kupuma kwa mpweya panthawi yogwira thupi kapena kupumula;
- kupuma kapena kupuma;
- ululu pachifuwa panthawi yopuma.
Kodi njirayi imachitidwa bwanji ndi pulmonologist?
Wodwala, yemwe amapita ku phwando kwa nthawi yoyamba, kawirikawiri amafuna kudziwa momwe kuyankhulirako kukuchitikira pa pulmonologist. Izi ndi zomwe katswiri wamapapo akufufuzira:
- Choyamba, adokotala amasonkhanitsa an anamnesis ndikuyang'ana pachifuwa, kuyesa kukula kwake, kufanana kwake ndi zina.
- Kenaka, pulmonologist imagwira nthiti ndi zofewa, zimathamanga m'mapapo kuti zizindikire zisindikizo.
- Kenaka amamvetsera mapapu, akuwululira mauthenga a wheyzing and uncharacteristic a thupi labwino.
Kodi ndizomwe angayang'ane bwanji?
Kuchokera kwazomwe amalandira kuchokera kwa wodwala ndipo kafukufuku sikuti nthawizonse amapereka chithunzi cholondola cha matendawo, wodwala amapatsidwa maphunziro ena. Kodi pulmonologist imayang'anila zotsatira za mayesero:
- Mayeso a Laboratory - machulukidwe ambiri a magazi ndi mkodzo, mayesero a antibody, oyendetsa, ma testus.
- Zotsatira za spirometry ndi spirography, zomwe zidzakuthandizira kudziwa kuchuluka kwa minofu yowonongeka yomwe imachotsedwa pa kupuma.
- Zotsatira za MRI, ultrasound, echocardiography, radiography, computed tomography ndi njira zina.
Malangizo a pulmonologist
Popeza nthawi zambiri matenda akuluakulu a m'magazi amachititsa mavuto a chimfine cha banal kapena SARS , malangizowo opitirirabe a katswiri wamapiritsi:
- Limbikitsani chitetezo.
- Valani moyenerera nyengoyi.
- Onetsetsani malamulo a ukhondo.
- Pewani mavuto ena odwala.
- Ngati matendawa sakanatha kupezeka - musamadzipange mankhwala okhaokha, funsani dokotala.
Matenda a mapumidwe ndi kupewera kwawo
Matenda opuma opatsirana amachititsa munthu wolumala kapena imfa, kotero, kuti akhalebe wathanzi, nkofunika kutenga njira zothandizira. Choyamba, chotsani zizolowezi zoipa zomwe zimachepetsa thupi kuteteza matenda, ndipo zowonongeka, monga kusuta, zingayambitse kukula kwa khansa ya m'mapapo.