Kudyetsa mphesa kumapeto - kodi feteleza ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito chiyani?

Ngakhale pa nthaka yolemera, zokolola za tchire zimachepa ndi nthawi, kudyetsa mphesa kumapeto kwa nyengo ndi ntchito yofunikira, kuthandizira kuthetsa kufunikira kwa pachaka kwa chomera kuti zikhale zothandiza. Pa chochitika chofunika kwambiri kuti mupambane, muyenera kumvetsa kuti ndi zinthu zotani zomwe zimayenera kuti chikhalidwechi chikhalepo pachiyambi cha chitukuko.

Kodi mungadyetse mphesa bwanji m'chaka?

Kukolola bwino kwa mpesa wa dzuwa kumangotheka kwa wolima mpesa amene adzatha kupanga dongosolo la zakudya za tchire chake chobala zipatso mwaluso. Kupatsa kwa mphesa kumapiri ndi chinthu chofunika kwambiri cha agrotechnical, zolakwika zomwe sizilandiridwa. Oyamba akukonzekera kugula feteleza zamchere ayenera kumvetsetsa mndandanda wa zinthu zothandiza zofunika zowonjezera zitsamba:

1. Mavitrogeni - amathandiza kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa zobiriwira.
2. Phosphorous - imafunika kwambiri panthawi ya maluwa ndi kumangiriza zipatso zonse pa tchire.
3. Potaziyamu - imafunikanso kuti zithunzi zisawonongeke ndi maselo atayikidwa, kuti azisintha mphesa kuzizira.
4. Boron - kudyetsa mphesa mu kasupe izi zimayenera kukulitsa kumera kwa mungu, kusasitsa, kumayambitsa shuga.
5. Mkuwa - umalimbitsa kukula kwa zamasamba, umapangitsa kuti chilala chikhale cholimba komanso kuzizira.
6. Zinc - zimakhudza nayitrogeni kusinthanitsa ndi mpesa kubereka.

Kudyetsa mphesa mu kasupe ndi mchere feteleza

Zofunikira mchere feteleza kwa mphesa m'chaka zimayenera kuwonetsedwa kuchokera mphindi yomweyo yotsegula tchire, kotero kuti panthawi ya Mphukira ikuphulika iwo atha kupasuka ndikufika ku mizu. Pali njira zingapo zomwe mungagwiritsire ntchito momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito mipesa yamchere:

1. Kuthirira nthaka pafupi ndi mphesa ndi njira yothetsera feteleza.
2. Kupweteka kwa feteleza mchere pamodzi ndi organics mu grooves.
3. Kutsekedwa kwa madzi odzola mu mapaipi apadera kuti athandizidwe mofulumira zinthu zenizeni ku mizu.
4. Zithunzi zapamwamba zam'mwamba.

Mavitamini a feteleza a mphesa

Kawirikawiri ndi cholinga ichi, alimi akumwa amagwiritsa ntchito nitrate kapena ammonium sulphate. Mphamvu ya chiyeso ichi imakula ngati superphosphate yowonjezedwa pamodzi ndi nayitrogeni. Manyowa otsiriza amalimbikitsidwa kudzazidwa ndi madzi madzulo kuti athe kupasuka bwino. Ntchito yoyamba imagwiritsa ntchito 50 g ya saltpeter ndi 100 g ya superphosphate. Mtundu wina wabwino wa nitrogen feteleza ndi urea.

Kudyetsa mphesa mu spring urea:

1. Nthawi yoyamba - imapangidwa madzulo a zofukulidwa m'mitsinje, ikumba nthawi yambiri mu bwalo la thunthu. 40 g wa carbamide, 40 g wa phosphorous fetereza ndi 30 g wa potaziyamu feteleza amagwiritsidwa ntchito.
2. Mchere wotsatira ndi carbamide wa mphesa kumapeto kwa mwezi wa May, umapangidwa pamodzi ndi potaziyamu ndi phosphorous mofanana.

Potaziyamu feteleza kwa mphesa

Manyowa a potashi akhoza kuperekedwa mosiyanasiyana m'maunyolo, choncho muyenera kuwerenga mosamala malembawo. Mwachitsanzo, potassium chloride ingachepetse kuwonjezeka kwa mipesa, potassium sulphate ndi potassium phosphate pamodzi ndi kuvala kwapamwamba kwa azitini kumakula kukula kwa masamba obiriwira a tchire. Chomera ichi cha mphesa chiyenera kuyambika mu nyengoyi mpaka nthawi 4 - mutatha kutsegula, musanayambe maluwa, panthawi yochita fruiting, kumapeto kwa mphesa.

Manyowa a potash a mphesa:

1. Potaziyamu kloride - m'chaka cha minda yamphesa musati mutsimikizire.
2. Sulphate ya potaziyamu imakhala yosavuta pa kayendedwe ndi kusungirako, imabweretsa phindu labwino pa kudya.
3. Kalimagnesia feteleza imalimbikitsa mphesa pamtunda wochepa, pambali potaziyamu ili ndi magnesium yamtengo wapatali.
4. Phulusa lavuni - lachilengedwe, lopanda kanthu, potaziyamu yodaliyamu ikhoza kukhala ndi 14%.

Manyowa ovuta kwa mphesa

Kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza limodzi kumapangitsa kuti kusamalila kusamalira zitsamba, kumachepetsa ndalama zosungirako, kuyambitsidwa kwa zinthu zothandiza kumapezeka mofulumira kwambiri ndipo zotsatira zake zomwe zimakhudza mpesa zimakula. Mzuwu wazulidwa kudyetsa mphesa udzapereka zotsatira zabwino ngati dothi likuyesedwa tsiku lomwelo, kuti mudziwe bwino momwe mankhwala akugwirira ntchito ntchito.

Mitundu yambiri yovuta feteleza:

1. Ammophos - 10% N ndi 45% P.
2. Diammophos - 21% N ndi 53% P.
3. Ammonium polyphosphate ndi 23% N ndi 67% P.
4. Potaziyamu nitrate - 14% N ndi 46.5% K.
5. Nitrofosca - mpaka 16% N, mpaka 16% P ndi 16% K.
6. Metaphosphate ya potaziyamu - mpaka 60% P ndi 40% K.
7. Nitroammophoska - 18% N, 18% K, 18% P.

Kodi mungadyetse mphesa bwanji masika ndi mankhwala?

Mankhwala amtunduwu akhoza kuthandizira kukula kwa tchire, ngati amagwiritsidwa ntchito moyenerera komanso nthawi yoyenera. Kawirikawiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mabwalo a kumidzi kumtunda, phulusa, mulch , kulowetsedwa kwa zitsamba, peat, kompositi, zinyalala za mbalame, kutchuka kumapindula ndi zinyama. Kudyetsa mphesa zoyipa zimakhala ndi ubwino ndi zopweteka, zomwe nthawi zonse ziyenera kuganiziridwa ntchito.

Ubwino wodyetsa mu kasupe organic m'munda wamphesa:

1. Manyowa a feteleza amapezeka kuti nthawi zonse amabwezeretsa zinyama kapena zokolola, kotero ntchito yawo pamaso pa ulimi wothandizira ndi womasuka.
2. Zinthu zopindulitsa pazovala zapamwambazi zili mu fomu yomwe imapezeka mosavuta.
3. Kutsekemera feteleza kumakhudza kwambiri mapangidwe a nthaka.

Minuses wa ntchito organic feteleza kwa mphesa mu kasupe:

1. Ndi kovuta kulamulira mlingo wofunikira wa mchere.
2. Zakudya zopatsidwa zimagwirizana ndi chiopsezo chowopsa cha kulankhulana pamunda wamphesa wa mphutsi za ophwanya, namsongole ndi mikangano.

Kudyetsa mphesa mu zitosi za nkhuku za masika

Kukonzedwa bwino mphesa umuna ndi nkhuku msuzi kumathandiza kudzaza nthaka ndi zinthu zonse zothandiza, komabe kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza mwachilengedwe kuyenera kuchitidwa mosamala kuti asawotche. Chinsinsi chokonzekera chopatsa thanzi chosavuta ndi chophweka:

1. Sungunulani madzi okwanira madzi okwanira 1: 2.
2. Yankho limaperekedwa kwa milungu iwiri.
3. Pofuna kuthirira mphesa kumapeto, fetereza imapezeka ndi madzi oyera 1:10.
4. Nkhokwe zowonongeka ndizokwanira madzi okwanira 1 m².

Mphesa kudya ndi phulusa

Phulusa lili ndi zinthu zambiri - mpaka 40% ya calcium, 10% phosphorous, pafupifupi peresenti 20 ya potaziyamu, magnesium ndi zina. Kubereketsa mphesa ndi phulusa lopsa kungatheke m'njira zingapo:

1. Kuika phulusa louma m'mabowo pafupi ndi mbiya mpaka 2 kg pa chitsamba chachikulu.
2. Zovala zapamwamba za Foliar ndi phulusa losakaniza - microfertilizer imatsanulidwa mu ndowa ndi madzi 1: 2 ndikupitiriza kuumirira kwa masiku atatu, musanagwiritse ntchito, kukonzekera kumasankhidwa mosamala.
3. Pothirira munda wamphesa - 1 lita imodzi ya phulusa yosakanizidwa ndi malita atatu a madzi, kulowetsedwa kumatulutsidwa maola 24, kenaka amadzipukutira ndi madzi mpaka malita 10.