Kusamalira nkhaka poyera - momwe mungapezere zokolola zabwino?

Zilibe kanthu ngati masamba abzalidwa ndi mbewu kapena mbande, imakula kumadera akum'mwera kapena nyengo yozizira, kuti mupeze zokolola zabwino ndi zochuluka, kusamalira nkhaka kumunda ziyenera kukhala zolondola, zoyenera komanso zabwino.

Kusamalira mbande ya nkhaka

Zitsamba zomwe zangobzalidwa kumene, zomwe sizinazulidwe komanso zimangoyambika, zimakhala zovuta komanso zowonongeka, choncho nkhaka kamodzi zikabzalidwa padera, chisamaliro chiyenera kutengedwa kuti chomera zomera. Choyamba, ndikofunikira kupereka nkhaka ndi nthaka yachonde - nthaka iyenera kumasulidwa.

Mbewuzo zitakhazikika ndikuyamba kukula, kusamalira nkhaka pamalo otseguka zimatanthauza kupalira nthawi zonse nthaka. Koma nkhaniyi ndi yosavuta kuthetsa kamodzi ndi nthawi yaitali, pokhapokha mutapanga mulching - izi zidzasunga nthawi ndi mphamvu zanu mozama. Pofuna kuyamwa, m'pofunika kudzala mbande ndi udzu, udzu wouma kapena utuchi - izi sizilola kuti namsongole akule pabedi.

Kusamalira mbande ya nkhaka

Njira yachiwiri, momwe mungamerekere nkhaka panja, imabzala mbewu m'nthaka. Ntchitoyi ndi yaitali komanso yovuta kwambiri - mfundo ndi yakuti kusamalira nkhaka kwa nkhaka kumafuna nthaka yofewa kwambiri, yomwe inadzaza ndi feteleza. Lamulo lina lofunikira la kukula kwa mbewu - nkhaka mu siteji ya kukula ndizovuta kwambiri kuzizira, ndipo ngakhale chisanu chochepa kwambiri chingathe kuwononga chitsamba. Choncho, ngati nyengo ya nyengo isanayambe kukhala ndi chidaliro, mphukira ziyenera kutsekedwa ndi filimu kapena mitsuko.

Momwe mungamwetse nkhaka panja?

Nkhaka zimafuna madzi ambiri ndi chinyezi panthawi yomwe ikukula komanso nthawi ya fruiting. Ngakhale kuchepa kwazing'ono panthawi ya mapangidwe a zipatso kungapangitse zokolola ndipo zonse zisamalire ndi kusamalidwa zikuchoka - nkhaka zimakhala zowawa, ndipo sizidzatheka kuthetsa vutoli. Kutunga nkhaka pa nthawi ya kukula ndikofunika ndi madzi ofunda - madzi ozizira adzatsogolera kuponderezedwa kwa chitukuko chawo. Nthawi zambiri kuthirira nkhaka pamalo otseguka, kumadalira pa siteji ya chitukuko cha chitsamba - pamaso pa maluwa nkhaka ayenera kuthiriridwa masiku 6-8, ndipo panthawi ya fruiting - iliyonse 3-4 masiku.

Kwa ulimi wothirira ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito bubu lachitsulo, sizingatheke kuchita izi kuchokera payipi. Kuthirira ndi kofunika kokha nthaka, zomera zokha sizimasowa madzi kutsanulira. Pofuna kuteteza chinyezi m'nthaka mutabzala kapena kutulukira mphukira, mukhoza kupanga mulching zitsamba zomwe sizilola kuti dzuwa liume panthaka.

Nkhaka mapangidwe otseguka pansi

Pamene mbande imayamba mizu ndikuyamba kukula, nkhaka imadulidwa pamtunda, kapena kupina. Zapangidwa motere: zonsezi, mazira ndi mphukira, zomwe zimakula kuchokera masamba atatu kapena anayi oyambirira, ziyenera kuchotsedwa. Njira yotereyi idzaonetsetsa kuti pakhale mizu yabwino.

Ngati mukukula mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ndiwo zamasamba, kusamalira nkhaka kuthengo kuli ndi malamulo ake - muyenera kupanga tsinde lamasamba 5-7 masamba. Izi ndi chifukwa chakuti nkhaka zamtundu uliwonse zimapereka maluwa okha amphongo, ndipo njirayi idzaonetsetsa kuti chitukuko chimayambira ndi maluwa aakazi, omwe adzaonetsetse kuti mungu umakhala wozungulira. Nkhumba zosakaniza prischipki chachikulu tsinde sizimafuna.

Kodi kudyetsa nkhaka panja?

Lonjezo la thanzi la zomera, motero, kukolola bwino - chisamaliro choyenera komanso kudya panthawi yake, momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito feteleza wapadera ndi njira zosiyana siyana. Tiyeni tiwone mwatsatanetsatane momwe mungamerekere nkhaka, ndi zovala ziti zabwino zomwe mungagwiritse ntchito.

Nkhaka - kudya ndi yisiti

Kulima ndiwo zamasamba, ambiri amayesetsa kusankha njira yosavuta, yachilengedwe komanso yothandiza feteleza, ndipo kavalidwe kakang'ono ka nkhaka imatanthauzanso. Misempha yamphongo imaphatikizapo nayitrogeni, phosphorous, ndi potaziyamu, zomwe zimakhudza kukula kwa zomera, zimapangitsa kuti zitha kukanika, komanso zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zipatso zazikulu.

Konzani yisiti kuvala kwa nkhaka mosavuta, muyenera kutenga 10 g wa youma yisiti 10 malita a madzi ndi kuwonjezera 2 supuni ya shuga. Kulowetsedwa kumatsalira kwa maola awiri, ndiye kuchepetsedwa mu 50 malita a madzi. Mukhoza kuthirira nkhaka ndi yisiti, kamodzi kamodzi pa masiku khumi ndi awiri (10-15), ngati mutachita nthawi zambiri, mukhoza kuwavulaza kwambiri. Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti zovala zapamwambazi sizinthu zofunikira, zimangowonjezera, choncho sizingasokoneze njira zina za feteleza.

Nkhaka - kudya ndi mkate

Njira ina yabwino kuposa kufesa nkhaka pamalo otseguka ndi yopanga mkate wosakaniza, chimodzimodzi ndi yisiti mu zotsatira zake. Ndi zophweka kwambiri kukonzekera - timapereka mkate wa yisiti mu mbiya, tiyizeni ndi madzi, ikanike ndi chivindikiro, kuti mkate usasunthike, ndipo musiyeni ukhale wa masiku angapo. Zotsatirazi zimatha kuthirira zomera masiku 10-15, komanso yisiti.

Kupaka pamwamba kwa nkhaka ndi phulusa

Phulusa ndi feteleza ovuta kwambiri omwe amadyetsa nkhaka ndi miche yambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kukhala imodzi mwa njira zabwino kwambiri zowonekera pamwamba. Mungathe kuwaza mabedi ndi phulusa louma, koma zotsatira zabwino kwambiri zingapezedwe pokonzekera njira yapadera. Zimakonzedwa kwa mphindi zingapo - 10 malita a madzi timatenga phulusa la phulusa, timayambitsa, ndipo zovala zapamwamba zimakonzeka, zimatha kuthirira kale.

Kuthirira nkhaka ndi ayodini

Njira yotsatira yotsatira, kusiyana ndi kudyetsa nkhaka pamalo otseguka ndi mankhwala a mbande ndi ayodini. Ndi bwino kupewa matenda ambiri, chifukwa cha izi muyenera kukonzekera 9 malita a madzi, mkaka umodzi wokhala ndi mafuta ochepa kwambiri komanso mazira 12 a ayodini. Komanso, ayodini amathandiza kwambiri kukolola nkhaka.

Feteleza kwa nkhaka yotseguka pansi

Pofuna kudyetsa nkhaka, mungagwiritsenso ntchito makonzedwe okonzeka omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyera. Akhoza kugawa m'magulu akulu:

1. Mavitrogeni - amafunikira pazigawo zonse za kukula, nkhaka. Posankha, wina ayenera kupatsa omwe alibe nitrate nayitrogeni.
2. Phosphorous - iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zonse, koma pang'onozing'ono. Kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza moyenera kumathandiza nkhaka pachimake pa nthawi yake komanso yambiri.
3. Potaziyamu - onetsetsani kayendetsedwe ka zakudya m'mizu yake yonse, onetsetsani kuti kukula bwino ndi fruiting.

Posankha feteleza, kumbukirani kuti nkhaka sizikonda kwambiri chlorine. Musanayambe feteleza pabedi lonse, muyenera kuyesa kusakaniza pa tchire zingapo ndipo masiku angapo muwonetsetse momwe mbeu ikuyendera. Ngati mukuona zabwino, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito bwino munda wonsewo. Ngati, mmalo mwake, zomera sizinayende mwa njira yabwino, ndi bwino kuti musamamere.

Garter nkhaka pamalo otseguka

Mfundo yofunika yomwe imasonyeza chisamaliro cha nkhaka ndi mapangidwe awo pamalo otseguka ndi chovala choyenera, chomwe chimapangidwa pamene chomeracho chifikira masentimita 30. Pali njira ziwiri zogwirira nkhaka:

1. Njira yowongoka. Zida zowonjezera zimayikidwa pambali zosiyana za bedi, pakati pazinthu zingwe zamphamvu zomwe zimatambasula. Malingana ndi izo, nkhaka zidzakula. Njirayi ili ndi drawback yayikulu - zomera zimakhala zovuta kukula mu malo amenewa, ndipo, pofika pamzere umodzi wa zingwe, n'zovuta kuti afike pamtsinjewo.
2. Njira yowona. Kwa njira iyi, chithandizo chofanana ndi U chimayikidwa. Mbali yopanda malire ndi zingwe zomangidwa, zomwe zidzakokera nkhaka, pa zingwe izi zitsamba zakwera. Njira imeneyi, malinga ndi ambiri, ndi yabwino komanso yothandiza.

Nkhaka matenda mu malo otseguka

Vuto lalikulu limene anthu okhala m'nyengo ya chilimwe angakumane nawo posamalira nkhaka poyera ndi matenda a nkhaka, ambiri omwe angathe kupha mbewu yonse. Koma, pokhala ndi zidziwitso, mumatha kuzindikira mosavuta matendawa ndi kupirira bwinobwino. Matenda ambiri amatha kufalikira, ndipo njira yabwino yowonetsera ikhoza kutchedwa ndondomeko yoyenera yobzala (nkhaka sayenera kukula kwambiri), sungani chinyezi ndi kuchotsa mapepala omwe ayamba kuuma kapena kuwuma.

Mukamakulitsa nkhaka pali matenda otere:

1. Powdery mildew. Chizindikiro chachikulu ndi chovala choyera choyera pa tsinde ndi masamba. Matendawa amakhudza masamba, kotero amafota. Pofuna kupatsa powdery mildew wa nkhaka, mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ochizira - 1 lita imodzi ya mkaka wowawasa, wothira madzi okwanira 1 litre, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kumachitika kamodzi pa sabata. Chida china chothandiza ndi njira yothetsera makilogalamu 50 a soda, 5 magalamu a sopo yophika zovala m'ma lita khumi a madzi, zomera zowonongeka masiku asanu ndi awiri.
2. Ascochitis. Mawanga akuda amaoneka pamphepete mwa masamba. Zipatso za nkhaka zomwe zili ndi kachilombo zimatuluka zakuda kapena zimakhala ndi ma tsamba akuda. Kuchiza Bordeaux 1% madzi, mkuwa sulphate. Njira zowononga zimaphatikizapo kusamalidwa bwino, kupeŵa kusinthasintha kwa kutentha ndi kuthirira madzi ozizira, kulima kwa nthaka pachaka - kutentha ndi kusuta.
3. Matenda osokoneza bongo. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa zifukwa zomwe zimachititsa kuti nkhaka zamasamba zizikhala chikasu kunja. Pa masamba amapangidwa kuzungulira mawanga a chikasu chachikasu. Pamadzi otentha pamwamba pa mawanga, mapepala a pinki akhoza kupanga - ndi momwe bowa amaonekera. Matendawa amachiritsidwa ndi njira zomwezo monga matenda ofotokozedwa pamwambapa.
4. Bacteriosis, kapena angular spotting. Ma masamba pakati pa mitsempha amawoneka mawanga, poyamba chowopsa, kenako amapeza mtundu wofiirira. Kumbuyo kwa tsamba pa mawanga mumatha kuona madontho a madzi, osokonezeka chifukwa chopezeka mabakiteriya. Pakati pa mvula kapena kuthirira pansi pa kupsyinjika, madziwa amatha kufalikira pa bedi, akumenya zitsamba zonse zathanzi. Kuchiza kwa matendawa kumaphatikizapo kusamalidwa bwino ndi kuchotsedwa kwa masamba okhudzidwa, ndiye mutha kugwiritsa ntchito njira zomwe tazitchula pamwambapa.
5. Grey kuvunda. Matendawa amadziwika panthawi ya fruiting - pamasamba, maluwa ndi nkhaka amawoneka malaya amtundu, omwe amawonekera m'mabedi odzala kwambiri chifukwa cha vuto la chitukuko. Zowola zimachitidwa pochotsa masamba, masamba, ndi nthawi zina chitsamba chonse. Pa malo ochotsamo, potaziyamu permanganate ndi choko ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito.