Kutenga kachilombo ka HIV - zonse zomwe muyenera kudziwa zokhudza kachilombo ka HIV ndi kupewa kwake

HIV imatulutsa kachilombo koyambitsa matenda, kamene kamapangitsa kuti ziphuphu komanso matenda ena apitirire. Ngati matendawa sachiritsidwe, ndiye kuti patatha zaka 9 mpaka 11 chiwindi chitalowa m'thupi, imfa imapezeka. Mankhwalawa amathandizanso kuwonjezera moyo wa munthu wodwala matenda mpaka zaka 70 mpaka 80.

HIV - ndi chiyani?

Matenda a munthu amene amateteza thupi lake kumakhudza chitetezo cha mthupi. Matendawa amapita pang'onopang'ono. Pofooka chitetezo cha mthupi chimakhala, nthawi zambiri wodwalayo amadwala. Ambiri omwe ali ndi kachilombo amakhala ndi zilonda zabwino komanso zowawa. Patapita nthawi, chitetezo chimakhala chofooka kwambiri moti ngakhale kuzizira pang'ono kumatha kufa. Vuto lakumayambitsa matenda a munthu limakhudza anthu okha. Kuyesera kulandira nyama sikunapambane - zinyama mwamsanga zinachiritsidwa.

Kufalikira kwa kachirombo ka HIV

Masiku ano, kachilombo ka immunodeficiency amaonedwa kuti ndi imodzi mwa matenda opitirirabe. Kale kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1980, chiwerengero cha anthu chinasokonezeka: m'mayiko omwe ali mbali ya World Health Organisation, anthu pafupifupi 120,000 odwala Edzi (kachilombo ka HIV) komanso pafupifupi 100,000 omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV adapezeka. Chinthu choopsa kwambiri ndi chakuti kwenikweni zizindikiro ndizopambana, chifukwa odwala ambiri saganizira za matenda awo ndipo salembetsedwa.

Momwe HIV imawonetseredwa ndi chiwalo chirichonse chimadalira makhalidwe ake a geno- ndi phenotypic. Chifukwa cha ichi, odwala ena "amawotcha" matendawa masiku angapo, pamene ena amakhala ndi kachilombo ka immunodeficiency kwa zaka zambiri, amamva bwino komanso samadziwa za mavuto awo. Malingana ndi ziwerengero, oimira nthendayi ya Negroid ndi kachirombo ka HIV amapezeka mosavuta. Anthu a ku Ulaya sakonda kwambiri kachilomboka, ndipo ambiri omwe "akulimbikira" ndi Mongoloids.

Mayiko omwe kachilombo ka HIV kamakula mofulumira kwambiri, zimawoneka ngati izi:

• Brazil;
• Dziko;
• United States;
• Turkey;
• Indonesia;
• Bangladesh;
• Pakistan;
• Mexico;
• Britain.

Kodi HIV imafalitsidwa bwanji?

Kuti mutetezeke ku kachirombo ka immunodeficiency, muyenera kudziwa njira zazikulu zotenga HIV. Gwero lake ndi munthu wodwala. Vutoli limaperekedwanso ndi odwalawa, omwe ali ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matenda. Mpata waukulu kwambiri wopatsirana kachilombo ka HIV ndikumapeto kwa nthawi yopuma. Panthawiyi, chiwerengero cha kachilombo ka HIV ndi chachikulu.

Kutenga kachilombo ka HIV kungadutse mwazi zonse zamagazi - magazi, nyemba, saliva, zobisika za m'mimba, misozi, thukuta, mkaka wa mkaka, mkodzo, zakumwa zoledzeretsa - koma zimakhala zosiyana, ndipo izi zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zofunikira kwambiri. Kutumiza kachilombo ka HIV kuyenera kuchitika pazifukwa zoyenera. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timafunika kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.

Njira za kachilombo ka HIV ndizosiyana:

• chiwerewere;
• jekeseni;
• kuika;
• kupatsa;
• transplacental.

Kwenikweni, kachilombo ka HIV kamapatsirana pogonana. Izi ndi chifukwa chakuti anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka umuna ndi zobisala ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV. Malinga ndi chiwerengero, matenda oposa 86% amapezeka muzogonana, omwe 71% ali ndi zibwenzi zogonana, ndipo 15% ndi amuna okhaokha. Njira ina yofalitsira kachilombo ka HIV ndi matenda opatsirana pogonana. Mu thupi la mwana, kachilombo ka HIV kangalowe mkati mwa mimba kapena atabereka - ndi mkaka wa m'mawere.

Nthawi yowonjezera kachirombo ka HIV

M'thupi lililonse kachilombo kamakula mwa njira yake. Choncho, nthawi yopangira ma ARV imakhala yosatsimikizika. Zizindikiro za matendawa zikhoza kuwonetsa ngati masabata angapo, ndipo patatha zaka zambiri zitatha. Kumayambiriro kwa nthawi ya makulitsidwe, ma antibodies ena amapangidwa m'magazi. Kuti azindikire pa nthawi yoyezetsa ma laboratory, masabata atatu ayenera kudutsa nthawi yowopsa.

HIV - zizindikiro

Nthaŵi zambiri, matendawa amayamba malinga ndi ndondomeko yoyenera. Pali magawo awiri akuluakulu a kachilombo ka HIV: akulimbikira komanso osasintha. Kachilombo katangotha, zizindikiro zoyambirira za matendawa zimawonekera, zomwe zingasokonezeke mosavuta ndi zizindikiro za chimfine kapena chimfine: kuthamanga kwa kutentha, mmero umayamba kuvulaza, minofu ikukula . Odwala ambiri omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka immunodeficiency samagwirizanitsa zonsezi, chifukwa patapita masabata awiri chiwonetsero cha kachilombo ka HIV kamatha, ndipo matendawa amapita ku gawo lachiwiri.

"Bisani" kachilombo ka immunodeficiency mu thupi kangathe kwa miyezi ingapo mpaka makumi angapo. Pambuyo pake pamapeto pake, odwala amakhala ndi matenda osiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo matenda opatsirana. Zizindikiro za HIV zimakhalanso zoonekeratu. Pakati pawo:

• kupweteka kolemera;
• kumutu kwa mutu;
• chimfine;
• kuwonetsa nthawi zonse kutsekula m'mimba;
• ululu m'chifuwa;
• matenda a m'mapapo;
• kugwa kwa masomphenya;
• matenda a mano;
• kudandaula ndi kusasamala.

HIV - zizindikiro kwa amayi

Pa gawo loyambirira la matendawa, amai amazindikiritsidwa ndi zizindikiro za kachilombo ka HIV zomwe zimapitirira kwa masabata awiri:

• malungo;
• mphutsi pa thupi;
• kupweteka pammero;
• kawirikawiri ndi kupwetekedwa mtima;
• chisokonezo;
• kutopa nthawi zonse;
• ziwalo zowonjezera zowonjezereka;
• maonekedwe a zilonda m'kamwa;
• ululu mu minofu ndi ziwalo;
• matenda osiyanasiyana a yisiti.

Pamene kachilombo ka immunodeficiency imafika pachimake choopsa - Edzi , zizindikiro zotsatirazi zikuwonekera:

• kutopa;
• kunyalanyaza nthawi zonse limodzi ndi kutsekula m'mimba;
• kukokoloka kwa nthaka;
• kudumpha kutentha kwa nthawi;
• chifuwa chouma;
• kuwonongeka, ndipo nthawi zina kutaya kwathunthu kukumbukira;
• kusokonezeka kwa chidziwitso;
• Kutupa kwa ziwalo za m'mimba.

HIV - zizindikiro mwa amuna

Zizindikiro za matendawa mu ziwalo zosiyana zogonana ndi zizindikiro zazimayi zimasiyana pang'ono. Kuwonetseredwa kwa kachilombo ka HIV kwa amuna ndi awa: Pa tsiku lachisanu ndichisanu ndi chiwiri mutatha kutenga kachilomboka, chimfine chimapezeka pa thupi la wodwalayo. Patapita kanthawi, mitsempha yam'mimba mumphuno, ziphuphu ndi khosi zimakula. Matendawa amakhala ouma, koma samawabweretsera ululu. Odwala ambiri omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV amadandaula ndi kutopa, kusowa chakudya, kusowa ntchito kuntchito komanso chilakolako chofuna kugona.

Zigawo za AIDS zimadziwika ndi zizindikiro zotsatirazi:

• malungo;
• chifuwa chopweteka chopweteka;
• kutsekula m'mimba;
• kusanza;
• mimba yamatumbo;
• kutentha komwe sikungatheke;
• kuchepa kwakukulu mu kulemera kwa thupi;
• nkhawa;
• kukonda kukumbukira kukumbukira.

Kuzindikira za kachirombo ka HIV

Njira yodziwika kwambiri yodziŵira kachilombo ka HIV ndi ELISA, yomwe imayambitsa matenda osokoneza bongo . Pogwiritsa ntchito mayesero apadera, omwe amagwiritsira ntchito mapuloteni opezeka opangidwa ndi mavitamini omwe ali ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matenda a immunodeficiency, n'zotheka kudziŵa kuti maselo a tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda amagazi. Matenda a masiku ano a kachilombo ka HIV angathe kuzindikira kachilomboka mkati mwa masabata atatu mpaka asanu mutatha kutenga kachilombo ka HIV.

Kuchiza kwa kachirombo ka HIV

Mankhwala a kachilombo koyambitsa matenda a immunodeficiency ndi yovuta ndipo ndifunikira kuyandikira moyenera kwambiri. Kutenga ndi kachirombo ka HIV sikugwiritsidwanso ngati chiganizo. Mankhwala amadziwa zambiri za chithandizo chamankhwala. Njira yabwino kwambiri ndi mankhwala opatsirana pogonana, omwe ali ndi zolinga izi:

1. Siyani kuchulukitsa kwa kachilomboko ndikuchepetsa chiwerengero cha tizilombo. Ndiko kuti, chitani kuti kachilombo ka HIV m'thupi sichidziwika.
2. Bweretsani chitetezo chokwanira. Pambuyo kuchepetsa chiwerengero cha mavairasi, thupi likhoza kuwonjezereka pang'onopang'ono chiwerengero cha CD4 lymphocytes zomwe zimapereka chitetezo chokwanira cha chitetezo cha mthupi.
3. Kuwonjezera nthawi ndi umoyo wa wodwalayo. Kuyambira panthaŵi yake, chithandizo cholondola chimateteza kachilombo ka HIV ku zizindikiro zonse za matenda.

Kuchiza kwa kachirombo ka HIV - mankhwala

Mankhwala osokoneza bongo amachititsa kuchepetsa kupatsirana komanso kuchepetsa kukula kwa matenda opatsirana ndi kachilombo. Nthawi zambiri, anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV amalandira malangizo kuti atenge mankhwala awa:

• Nevirapine;
• Ritonavir;
• Mphunzitsi;
• Tenofovir;
• Etravirine;
• Delavirdine;
• Maraviroc;
• Tipranavir;
• Abacavir;
• Lamivudine;
• Nelfinavir;
• Fozamprenavir.

Kuchiza kwa kachirombo ka HIV ndi mankhwala amtundu uliwonse

Vuto loyambitsa kuteteza thupi la munthu limakhala ndi njira zosagwirizana, koma atangokambirana ndi dokotala. Ochiritsa amalimbikitsa kachilombo ka HIV kuti asinthe chakudya chambiri chambiri. Kudya ma pistachios ambiri, oats, mtedza wa pine, timadziti, kusiya mchere, shuga, nyama mbale. Zothandiza kwa anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo. Astragalus, mizu ya zinyama, violet, poplar buds, mizu ya licorice imasakaniza mofanana, imatsanulira ndi madzi otentha ndipo imaphatikizapo maola atatu. Kumwa kulowetsedwa ayenera kukhala asanadyeko theka la chikho.

Mankhwala a immunodeficiency virus - kupewa

Pofuna kuteteza matenda mosavuta, ngati mumadziwa ndikusunga malamulo angapo ofunikira:

1. Kupewa kachirombo ka HIV kumaphatikizapo kukana kugonana kosayenera.
2. Nthawi zonse ndi koyenera kufufuza kuti alipo kachilombo m'thupi.
3. Njira zothandiza kupewa kachilombo ka HIV zimaphatikizapo kukana mankhwala.