Zodabwitsa zachilengedwe!
Malo okongola kwambiri padziko lapansi ndi mapiri ndi nyanja. Komabe, nthawi zina kutchuka kumapindula ndi mitsempha yodzaza madzi kapena ayi. Pano pali masenje odabwitsa kwambiri padziko lapansi, chifukwa cha zifukwa zosiyanasiyana adapeza mbiri.
1. Great Blue Hole, Belize
Imodzi mwa malo otchuka otsegulira zovina ndi Great Blue Hole, yotchuka ndi wofufuzira wa ku France Jacques-Yves Cousteau. Anali iye amene adatsikira pansi pansi, ndikuyeza kuya kwake (mamita 120) ndikuzindikira mozama mawonekedwe a mapanga omwe ali ndi stalactites. Pakhoma lozungulira ndi lalikulu mamita 300 ndi mapuloteni a Karst omwe anapanga nthawi yachisanu. Apa palibe miyala yamchere ndi mitundu yoopsa ya nsomba, kotero, ngakhale kuti yayitali kwambiri kuchokera ku chitukuko (96 km ku mzinda wapafupi), Great Blue Hole ndi yotchuka kwambiri pakati pa okonda masewera.
2. Kulemekezeka Kwina, Dona la Monticello, California
Damu la Monticello, lomwe linakhazikitsidwa pa malo a mzindawo wodzaza ndi madzi osefukira, ndi lodziwika osati kukula kwake, komatu poyamba pazitali zonse zapansi pa madzi otaya madzi. Pokhala ndi mamita 21, imadutsa masentimita 1370 pamphindi, kuti pakhale nyengo yabwino yamadzi m'nyengo yamvula. Pachimake zonse zoganiza kuti zotetezedwa zimatengedwa kuti anthu asadzipezeke pafupi ndi mapepala.
3. Mtsinje wa Karst wa Nyanja Yakufa, Israeli
Kukula kwa chiŵerengero cha anthu ndi chitukuko cha mankhwalawa ndi zifukwa zazikulu zowoneka zolephera zazikulu pamphepete mwa Nyanja Yakufa, m'madera a Phiri la Ein Gedi. Pakali pano pali zoposa 3,000 zomwe zimadziwika bwino, ndipo ndi angati a iwo - palibe amene akudziwa. Komanso, chiwerengero chawo chikuwonjezeka. Akatswiri amanena kuti izi zimakhala zochepa kwambiri pamtunda wa Nyanja Yakufa (pafupifupi 1 mamita pachaka), chifukwa cha zifukwa zingapo, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi mitsinje yayikulu - mtsinje wa Yordano - kumayambiriro kwa dera lakumpoto komanso monga gwero lalikulu la madzi akumwa m'magawo ambiri dziko. Masamba a madzi amchere, ndi madzi atsopano akukwera kuchokera pansi penipeni pa dziko lapansi, akuwombera mchere, zomwe zimachokera pansi pamtunda, zomwe zimapangitsa kulephera. Zozizwitsa zazikuluzikulu - mumtambo umodzi wotero zingagwirizane ndi nyumba yomanga nyumba zisanu ndi zitatu.
4. "Hell", China
Malo amodzi okondweretsa kwambiri padziko lapansi ndi chipsinjo chachikulu kwambiri cha chilengedwe cha Tianken Xiaozha, chomwe chili m'chigawo chimodzi chapakati cha China. Miyeso ya kuviika ndi yochititsa chidwi: 626 mamita m'litali, 537 mamita m'lifupi, ndi kuchokera 511 mpaka 662 mamita mozama. Kuphatikiza apo, nsanjayi ili ndi makoma ambiri, omwe ndi othandiza kwambiri kwa alendo ovuta kwambiri. Pa imodzi mwa makoma otsika amamanga makwerero, masitepe 2800 omwe amatsogolera pansi. Mtsinje wamtunda wa pansi ndi kutalika kwa makilomita 8.5 umayenda pansi pa nsanja ya karst, imene imabwera pamwamba pano chabe. Ngakhale kuti "dziko lapansi" linapangidwa zaka 129,000 zapitazo linali lodziwika bwino kwa anthu a m'deralo, asayansi ndi anthu omwe adaphunzira kuchokera ku zodabwitsa zachilengedwe izi mu 1994 pamene akufufuza malo atsopano a kafukufuku a British speleologists.
5. Kulephera kwa Brimma, Oman
Malowa ndi odabwitsa chifukwa cha kukongola ndi kukongola kwake, kotero n'zosadabwitsa kuti amakopa alendo ambiri. Chombo chododometsa cha miyala yamakina chimadza ndi madzi abwino a bluish, omwe angawonekere kupatula pa zithunzi. Akuluakulu a boma anaganiza zopangitsa kuti kulephera kukhale paki yamadzi kuti akope okonda alendo ndi akunja kusambira pamalo okongola.
6. Bingham Canyon, Utah, United States
Zomwe zimadziwika bwino monga kampani ya mchere wa Kennecott, malo aakulu kwambiri a padziko lapansi pano ali kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Salt Lake City. Miyeso yake ikudutsa: pafupi 1 kilomita mozama ndi 4 km m'lifupi! Ngati maofesi awiri a nyumba ya State State Building akuphatikizana pamwamba, sangathe kufika pamwamba pa dzenje kuchokera pansi pa dzenje. Dipatimentiyi, yomwe anapeza zaka 110 zapitazo, ikugwirabe ntchito, yopereka matani 450 patsiku.
7. Mtsinje wa buluu, Bahamas
Chiwiri chachiwiri chakuda padziko lapansi chiri pafupi ndi tawuni ya Clarence ku Long Island. Ngakhale kuti zambiri zapachilengedwezi zimakhala pafupifupi mamita 100, bulu la buluu limadutsa mwapatali kuposa kawiri, ndipo limasiya mamita 202. Lili losiyana ndi lachilendo: lokhala ndi mamita 25-35 pafupi ndi pamwamba, vutoli likukula mozama komanso mozama 20 mamita amatalika mamita 100, kupanga mtundu wa dome. Wotchuka pakati pa okonda nyanja yakuya ndi kusambira pamsana, bulu la buluu, komabe, ndi lolemekezeka pakati pa anthu ammudzi: akuti chilengedwe chake sichinali chopanda mphamvu zoipa, ndipo anthu osasamala angathe kuzimitsa mu dziwe lakuda.
8. "Gates of Hell", Turkmenistan
Chipinda ichi, mofanana ndi mawonekedwe a filimu yowopsya, yomwe ili ndi mamita 60 ndi kuya kwa mamita 20, wakhala akuyaka kwa zaka 45 kale. Zonsezi zinayamba m'chaka cha 1971, pamene akatswiri a sayansi ya nthaka atulukira malo osungira gasi. Pamene kubowola kunayamba, omangawo anakumana ndi khola lachinsinsi, chifukwa zipangizo zonse, kuphatikizirapo, zinagwera pansi, ndipo phokoso linadzaza ndi mafuta. Akatswiri a sayansi ya zakuthambo sanaganizepo chilichonse choposa momwe angayitsire moto kuti mpweya upitirize ntchitoyo. Zinkaganiziridwa kuti zikanatentha m'masiku owerengeka. Komabe, zakhala zaka 45 kale, ndipo moto suzatha. Pamwamba pa chipinda chonsecho muli ndi nyali zosiyana siyana, zina zomwe zimafika 10-15 mamita.
Mufukufuku wa ku Canada wa Canada, George Coronis, adatsikira pansi pa chigwacho, komwe adapeza mabakiteriya omwe sapezeka paliponse padziko lapansi, ndipo amamva bwino mu moto wamoto.
9. Bighole, South Africa
Malo aakulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, omwe anafukula popanda kugwiritsa ntchito makina, anali kamodzi kake kwambiri ka diamondi ka Kimberley, tsopano atatopa kwambiri. Pakati pa 1866 ndi 1914, anthu oyendetsa minda 50,000 anadula matani 22,5 miliyoni ndi mafosholo ndi mafosholo, kutenga makilogalamu 2,722 a diamondi oposa 14.5 miliyoni. Pa nthawi imodzimodziyo, chophimba chokhala ndi mamita 463 ndi kuya kwa mamita 240 chinakhazikitsidwa.
10. "Kulephera kwa Mdyerekezi", Texas, USA
Penje loponyedwa loyambira 12 ndi 18 mamita limatsegula pakhomo la nyumba yaikulu pansi panthaka ikuya mamita 122. M'phanga muli chilombo cha nyama zouluka mofulumira kwambiri padziko lapansi - mabala a mtundu wa pulezidenti wa ku Brazilian. Zinyama zazing'onozi pafupifupi masentimita 9 ndikulemera 15 g zokha zimatha kukula msinkhu wopita ku 160 km / h. Mu "Kulephera kwa Mdierekezi" nthawi zonse ili pafupi pafupifupi 3 miliyoni mwa zinyama zodabwitsa izi.
11. Kulephera kwa Guatemala, Guatemala
Mu 2010, ku likulu la dzikolo - mzinda wa Guatemala - kugwa kwadzidzidzi kwa dothi, komwe kunagwira fakitale ya nthano zitatu ndipo kunayambitsa ngozi ku nyumba zapafupi. Pakhomo lozungulira mamita 20 muli mamita pafupifupi 90. Kuphatikizapo zachilengedwe ndi zinthu zachilengedwe kunayambitsa zoopsa zoterezi: kusefukira komwe kunayambitsidwa ndi mphepo yamkuntho Agatha, kuthamphuka kwa phiri la Pakaya pafupi ndi mzinda, komanso kuphulika kwa mapaipi osokoneza bongo.
Kulephera kumeneku sikunali koyamba ku Guatemala. Mu 2007, mzindawu unagonjetsedwa mofanana ndi pamwamba kufika mamita pafupifupi 100.
12. "Nyanja ya Ulemerero wa Mmawa", Wyoming, USA
Chitsime chokongola, kasupe wodzaza madzi otentha, chimatchedwa dzina lake chifukwa cha kufanana kwake ndi duwa la mfitikiti, lomwe mu States limatchedwa "ulemerero wammawa." Poyamba, dzenjelo linali lopaka utoto pakatikati, pamalo ozama kwambiri, pang'onopang'ono n'kukhala chikasu pamtunda, komanso pa petioles ya convolvulus. Koma posakhalitsa, chifukwa cha alendo osayeruzika akuponyera ndalama ndi zitsamba zilizonse m'madzi, zomwe zimayambitsa zowonongeka zakhala zitakulungidwa, zomwe zinayambitsa kusabereka kwa mabakiteriya osasinthika ndi kusintha kwa buluu kukhala wobiriwira ndi wachikasu ku lalanje. Pafupi ndi gwero, ngakhale chizindikiro chochenjeza za kufunikira kosamalidwa bwino panyanja chifukwa cha chiopsezo chosintha dzina kuti "kutaya kutchuka".