Zimakhala zosangalatsa kuyang'ana masamba omwe akuphuka masamba a zipatso mumtengo: mapeyala , mitengo ya apulo, plums. Ndipo zikuwoneka kuti masamba atsopanowa adzatikondweretsa mpaka m'nyengo yozizira. Koma nthawi zina masamba pamitengo amayamba kupotoka, amawoneka mawanga, ndipo maluwawo amafota. Ngati chipatso chayamba kale pa chomera, akhoza kuyamba kuvunda. Chavuta ndi chiyani? Zimapezeka kuti mitengo, monga anthu, ingadwale. Ndipo mapeyala ndi amodzi. Tiyeni tiyankhule za zomwe matenda a peyala ali ndi momwe angachitire.
Matenda a peyala ambiri, zizindikiro zawo ndi mankhwala
Kawirikawiri, mapeyala amakhudzidwa ndi matenda owopsa a fungal - nkhanambo . Matendawa amakula makamaka kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe, pa nthawi ya mkulu chinyezi. Pansi pa masamba a peyala awoneka mawanga. Poyamba amakhala achikasu, ofanana ndi mafuta. Kenako chophimba chobiriwira chimakhala pamasamba, chokhala ndi spores za bowa. Ngati matenda a nkhanambo adayamba kale, ndiye kuti matendawa amachokera ku zipatso zopitilira: ali ndi mawonekedwe osasangalatsa. Kaŵirikaŵiri amatha. Pa zipatso zimawonekera mdima wakuda kapena mdima wakuda. Ngati matendawa atha kale kale, ndiye kuti mbeu yonse ya mapeyala ikhoza kutayika.
Wothandizira pafupipafupi pa masamba okhudzidwa. Mu kasupe, masamba awa amawoneka zovuta - ascospores. Spores okhwima ndikulandira achinyamata masamba ndi masamba. Makamaka spores kukula, kutembenukira mu mycelium, pa nthawi yolemera mvula ndi nyengo yofunda.
Monga lamulo, pofuna kuthandizira nthenda ya peyala ya peyala, nkofunika kusonkhanitsa masamba onse ogwa mu autumn ndi kuwawononga, ndipo mu kasupe, spray mitengo ndi Bordeaux madzi.
Matenda ena owopsa omwe amawononga kwambiri mtengo wa peyala ndi moniliosis kapena, mwa kuyankhula kwina, zipatso zowola. Nkhumba za bowa zowonongeka zimatuluka zipatso. Mu kasupe iwo amadzazidwa ndi spores atsopano omwe amachiza zipatso zazing'ono.
Matendawa amayamba pakati pa chilimwe, pamene zipatso za mapeyala zimayamba kudzaza. Zimathandiza kuti chinyezichi chizizira komanso kutentha. Wothandizira matendawa amalowa kudzera m'matumbo a mimba, matalala kapena malo osokoneza mwana wodwalayo komanso wathanzi. Dontho laling'ono la bulauni limapezeka pa peyala. Komabe, pakuwonjezeka, nthawi zambiri zimaphimba mwana aliyense; zimakhala mdima ndi zofewa. Zipatso zoterezi zimagwa, ndipo bowa lomwe limapitiriza kukula mwa iwo limatengedwa ndi mphepo ndi tizilombo ku mitengo ina.
Matendawa amayamba pambuyo pokolola. Choncho, muyenera kusamalira zipatso zomwe zasungidwa kuti zisungidwe, ndi kuchotsa zowonongeka.
Kuchiza kwa mitengo ya peyala kuchokera ku zowola zipatso ndilo kusonkhanitsa koyenera ndi kuwonongeka kotere kwa zipatso zopanda zipatso m'dzinja kapena kumayambiriro kwa kasupe. Panthawiyi, mitengo imapulitsidwa ndi Bordeaux osakaniza.
Matenda a masamba
Pakati pa chilimwe peyala ya tsamba la peyala, yomwe imatchedwa bulauni, imapezeka. Matendawa amaonekera poyamba ndi mawanga aang'ono pa masamba a peyala. Ndiye mawangawo akuwonjezeka. Kawirikawiri, matendawa amabwera motsutsana ndi chiyambi cha zotentha kuchokera ku mankhwala kapena kuwonongeka kwa tizilombo. Chithandizo ndi chimodzimodzi ndi peyala nkhanambo.
Choyamba, pa masamba a peyala mukhoza kuona madontho ofiirira, ofanana ndi dzimbiri, zomwe zingakulire kukula.
Mitundu yambiri ya tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi matenda ake amachepetsa kwambiri zokolola za zipatso zokoma komanso zothandiza. Choncho, muyenera kugwira ntchito nthawi zonse kuti muteteze mitengo ya zipatso m'munda mwanu, ndiyeno mudzapeza zokolola zabwino.