Matenda a seramu ndi chikhalidwe cha thupi, chomwe ndi chimodzi mwa mitundu ya zovuta zomwe zimachitika. Amayamba mwa anthu ena atangoyamba kumene mu thupi la parenterally (moyenera) mtundu wina wa mankhwala - mankhwala a chitetezo cha mthupi - ndi cholinga chochiza kapena chowopsa.
Zifukwa za matenda a seramu
Kawirikawiri matenda a serum amayamba pakamayambitsa ndondomeko zowonjezereka. Kukonzekera kwachilengedwe kumeneku kumapezeka kuchokera mwazi wa nyama zomwe zimatetezedwa ndi mitundu ina ya antigen, ndipo zimakhala ndi mankhwala opangidwa ndi ofanana ndi ma antigen. Mankhwala ofanana ndi ameneŵa amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa matenda oopsa opatsirana ndi owopsa: tetanasi, botulism, diphtheria, gasi yowopsya, encephalitis, leptospirosis, anthrax, etc. Zomwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndizokonzekera seramu motsutsana ndi ululu wa njoka zamphepo.
Kawirikawiri, zomwe zimachitika zimayambitsidwa ndi kuikidwa magazi kapena magazi, insulini ndi zofukiza za chiwindi, antibiotics (penicillin, streptomycin, sulfanilamides, cephalosporins, etc.) komanso kuumirira tizilombo (makamaka Hymenoptera). Kuopsa kokhala ndi matenda owonjezereka kumawonjezereka ngati pangakhale njira zowonongeka poyambitsa mankhwala a seramu, ndipo ngati pali kuwonjezeka kwa mapuloteni a epidermal a nyama. Ndi chitukuko chamtundu wa matenda a seramu amachitika kawirikawiri kusiyana ndi kupweteka.
Matenda a seramu ndi njira ya chitukuko
Popeza kuti matenda a seramu ndi osagwirizana, njira zowonongeka zimagwira ntchito. Mankhwala omwe ali ndi mapuloteni achilendo amayamba, ma antibodies omwe amathandiza kupanga mapangidwe a chitetezo cha mthupi amapangidwa. Kuthamanga kwa nthawi yaitali m'thupi, malowa amaikidwa pamakoma a capillaries a ziwalo zosiyanasiyana (zamaliseche, khungu, impso, mtima, ndi zina zotero), zomwe zimapangitsa kupanga ndi kutulutsa zinthu zoteteza - leukocyte, histamine, serotonin, ndi zina zotero. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, matenda.
Matenda a seramu - zizindikiro
Panthawi ya kuthamanga, matenda aakulu a seramu, osagwirizana ndi nthawi yaitali. Ngati serum imayambitsidwa nthawi yoyamba, matendawa amayamba pafupifupi tsiku lachisanu ndi chiwiri, koma nthawi zina nthawi yopuma imakhala yaitali kwa masiku 12-20. Zikakhala kuti mapuloteni akugwiritsidwa ntchito mobwerezabwereza, chiwerengero cha matendawa chachepetsedwa mpaka masiku 1-6. Matendawa amatha kuchitika mofatsa, moyenera komanso mosiyanasiyana.
Makhalidwe a zizindikiro ndi:
- kufiira kwa khungu;
- Kuthamanga kwa khungu, kuyamba koyamba pa malo opangira jekeseni ndikufalikira mthupi lonse (zofananako zofanana ndi urticaria , zofiira zofiira kwambiri, erythematous);
- khungu la khungu losiyana, nthawi zambiri limafanana ndi kuopsa kwa matenda;
- malungo, malungo;
- kufooka;
- mutu;
- mitsempha yowonjezereka;
- kupweteka kwa minofu;
- ululu wamkati mwaziwalo;
- ululu pamimba ndi impso;
- chosokoneza chimbudzi;
- kudzikuza (makamaka pa malo opangira jekeseni, pamaso, milomo, kumapeto);
- mtima;
- mpweya wochepa;
- kuchepetsa kuthamanga kwa magazi;
- kupweteka .
Matenda a seramu - matenda
Kuti adziwe kuti "matenda a serum" amadziwika bwino, ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito posonkhanitsa anamnesis (zomwe zisanayambe kuchitika), ma laboratory komanso maphunziro ake omwe amapereka zotsatira zabwino. Malinga ndi zizindikiro, matendawa amatha kufanana ndi matenda ovuta kwambiri a m'mimba, chimfine, chiwopsezo chofiira ndi matenda ena opatsirana, omwe matenda a seramu ayenera kudziwika. Nthaŵi zina, ultrasound ndi radiology zimachitika.
Deta zotsatirazi zowonjezera zomwe zimathandiza kuchipatala zimaganiziridwa:
- kuchepetsa kapena kuchulukitsa chiwerengero cha leukocyte;
- eosinophilia ;
- kuwonjezeka kwa mlingo wa erythrocyte sedimentation;
- kuwonjezeka kwa ma cryoglobulins m'magazi;
- kukhalapo kwa mapuloteni ndi erythrocytes mu mkodzo;
- kukhalapo kwa maselo a plasma m'magazi a magazi;
- kutupa kwa ziwiya, kuziwoneka ndi chikopa cha khungu, ndi zina zotero.
Matenda a seramu - mankhwala
Povomereza kuti matendawa ndi "serum matenda", zizindikiro ndi chithandizo zimagwirizana kwambiri: malingana ndi mawonekedwe a kuwonetseredwa ndi kuuma kwa njira, chithandizo cha mankhwala chimaperekedwa. Odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ochepa, popanda zovuta, amatha kuchiritsidwa panthawi yopuma. Kuchekera kuchipatala n'kofunika pa milandu yoopsa, pamaso pa mtima ndi mitsempha yokhudzana ndi matenda, kukhalapo kwakukulu kwa matenda, kusanthula bwino, ubwana ndi ukalamba.
Matenda a seramu ndidzidzidzi
Ngati mantha a anaphylactic amapezeka, matenda a seramu amachitidwa mwamsanga, chifukwa kuopseza moyo kumalengedwa. Pachifukwa ichi, chithunzi chachipatala chimadziwika ndi chiwawa, choopsa kwambiri: pali kufooketsa kwakukulu, kupuma kovuta, kuchepa kwa magazi, kutaya mtima. Ndikofunikira mwamsanga kutumiza ambulansi kapena kupereka wodwala ku chipatala chapafupi chakumankhwala, kumene adzalandira jekeseni ndi adrenaline. Asanafike madokotala, amafunika:
- Ikani wodwalayo pamtunda wapamwamba, mutukule miyendo ndikuyendetsa mutu wake kumbali imodzi.
- Perekani mpweya wabwino.
- Ikani zojambulazo pamwamba pa malo opangira jekeseni ndikuzizira kuzigawo izi.
- Popanda kupuma ndi kupuma, chitani minofu yosasuntha, kupuma.
Matenda a seramu - malingaliro azachipatala
M'madera ochepa, matenda a seramu amapita okha kwa masiku angapo, ngakhale popanda chithandizo. Pofuna kuthetsa vutoli ndikuchira mwamsanga, magulu awa a mankhwalawa akulamulidwa:
- mankhwala osokoneza bongo (eg, based menthol);
- antihistamines (Suprastin, Tavegil, Dimedrol);
- kukonzekera kashiamu;
- mankhwala osokoneza makoma amphamvu (Ascorutin).
Pa milandu yovuta kwambiri, kuphatikizapo zapamwambazi, mankhwala osokoneza bongo a seramu ndi awa:
- corticosteroids (Prednisolone, Hydrocortisone
- mankhwala osagwiritsidwa ntchito poletsa kutentha (Ketoprofen, Ibuprofen, Analgin);
- diuretics (Lasix, Furosemide), ndi zina zotero.
Matenda a seramu - mavuto
Maganizo a matenda a serum, kuphatikizapo anaphylaxis, akhoza kukhala ovuta ndi matenda ena omwe amapezeka nthawi zambiri popanda mankhwala. Tikulemba zovuta zomwe zingatheke:
- nthenda;
- myocarditis;
- synovitis;
- Kuphatikizidwa kwakukulu kwa minofu yolumikizana;
- glomerulonephritis;
- chiwindi;
- necrosis ya khungu ndi minofu yapansi pa jekeseni la jekeseni.
Matenda a seramu - kupewa
Njira zazikulu zomwe zimathandiza kuti kupewa matenda a seramu zichitike:
- kugwiritsa ntchito kukonzekera ndi kuchuluka kwa kuyeretsa;
- kulumikizana kwa sera ya nyama kuchokera pachiwonetsero chokwanira, ngati n'kotheka kuika m'malo mwa anthu a gamma globulin;
- kusamalira chisamaliro chapadera poyambitsa serums kwa anthu amene adzizoloŵera kale;
- Kuyeza mayeso pamaso pa jekeseni;
- kuyambitsa sera ya dilesi kapena kugwiritsa ntchito ndondomeko zinazake za jekeseni.