Msikawu, mitundu ya nandolo imapezeka m'mabuku ambiri, zomwe zili bwino kwa mlimi kapena mwini wa dacha, koma si aliyense amene angamvetsetse nkhokwe zazikuluzikulu. Mbewu zamtengo wapatalizi zimagawidwa m'magulu angapo, omwe dzina lawo limatha kusokoneza munthu wosadziŵa zambiri wolima masamba.
Nandolo zosiyanasiyana za kumalongeza
Zomwe zafotokozedwa pa chikhalidwe cha chikhalidwe zimagawidwa m'magulu atatu osiyana siyana - cholinga cha shuga cha nandolo, zamasamba ndi masamba. Kuphimba ndi kofunika kugula zinthu zomwe, pakukolola, zimapereka nandolo zabwino ndi shuga wokwanira. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito, sizimayambitsa mbewu zokhala ndi maonekedwe abwino komanso pang'ono, zomwe zimapindulitsa kwambiri, zimaloledwa kulowa. Mukayang'anitsitsa, timapepala timene timakhala ndi maonekedwe obiriwira panthawiyi, palibe ukonde pa iwo.
Nthawi yamakono ya mitundu yambiri ya pea yogwiritsidwa ntchito populumutsa mbewu zobiriwira ndi yochepa kwambiri, imayenera kuchotsedwa kuyambira 11 mpaka 16 tsiku lotsatira mapepala a peyala. Ndikofunika kulamulira kuchuluka kwake kwa kusasitsa, kuti musaphonye nthawi yabwino yokolola nyemba. Kuchedwa ndi kusonkhanitsa kwa masiku angapo maluso a zamakono a chida chopangidwa mocheperachepera. Nkhumba zosayenera, zomwe zimasonkhanitsidwa kumayambiriro kwa nyengo, zimakhala madzi, makwinya komanso zopanda pake, kotero kukolola msanga sikuletsedwa.
Kupeza mbewu za nandolo, timasankha mitundu yabwino yofesa. Momwemonso alimi amapeza inshuwalansi kuti asonkhanitse mbewu zopanda phindu, kupeza zitsamba zosayenera, zomwe zimayambitsa mavuto nthawi yokolola ndikukula. Mitundu ina ya nyemba amafunika kuti ikhale yokazinga kapena yophika, kuti ipeze chakudya chokoma, sichidzatha kubwerera m'munda. Ndi zofunika kukhala ndi mitundu yambiri ya nandolo - zamzitini ndikudya mu mawonekedwe opangira.
Kuwaza nkhumba zosiyanasiyana
Kutenga mitundu yabwino ya nandolo pofuna kusamala, ndibwino kuti mukhale ndi nyemba zosiyanasiyana. Iwo akhoza kukhala ndi mawonekedwe osiyana a mtola - ofewa ndi makwinya. Mitundu yosakanikirana ndi yotchuka chifukwa cha kutentha kwa chisanu ndi kukolola koyambirira. Nandolo zowonongeka zimadziwika ndi kukoma kokoma, koma motsutsana ndi chisanu ndi tizirombo, ndizochepa kwambiri kwa mpikisano ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira.
Mitengo yabwino ya nandolo:
- Kubiriwira kofiira ndi 33,
- Meteor,
- Feltham choyamba,
- Ambrosia,
- Chozizwitsa cha masamba,
- Dakota.
Nkhumba zosiyanasiyana za ubongo
Mitundu ya nandolo yofalikira ya mawonekedwe oyambirira nthawi zambiri amatchedwa nyemba za ubongo. Wowonjezera mwa iwo ndi ocheperako, kulawa makhalidwe chifukwa cha izi zimakhala zabwino kwambiri, kumwa mowa kukoma kumakhala kolimba. Nandolo imayamba kumira kumapeto kwa zomera kapena nthawi yotentha. Nkhumba za ubongo ndizofunikira kwambiri ku saladi ndipo zimatengedwa kuti ndizofunikira kwambiri zothandizira.
Mitengo ya mtundu wa cerebral:
- Kumayambiriro,
- Bowa Loyamba -11,
- Wopambana ndi G-33,
- Wodabwitsa Kwambiri,
- Chozizwitsa cha Calvedonia,
- Chidutswa,
- Shuga msuzi,
- Mdima wobiriwira kwambiri,
- Kutuluka kwa dzuwa,
- Zitatu,
- Zhegalov 112,
- Kupitirira,
- Alderman,
- Delikata.
Nandolo zochepa-mitundu
Mitengo yayitali pamwamba pa 115 masentimita amawoneka kuti ndi wamtali ndipo zimayambira ndi apamwamba kuposa masentimita 70. Zomera za nthanga zina zimatha kukula kufika masentimita 200 m'litali, kukolola kapena kuzikulitsa m'munda sizimakhala bwino nthawi zonse. Pakati pa alimi ang'onoang'ono olima galimoto, kukula kochepa, osati mitundu yambiri ya nandolo yomwe siimasowa thandizo ndilofunika kwambiri. Zimayambira iwo kukula 30-70 masentimita, choncho safuna zovuta trellis, zomangira ndi waya wotambasuka kapena twine.
Mitengo yaing'ono yomwe ili ndi kutalika kwa 65-75 masentimita imadziwika bwino chifukwa cha makhalidwe awo abwino. Peas Tsarevich ali ndi malongosoledwe osiyanasiyana a nyumba yachilimwe - yosalala, yofewa nyemba yachikasu, zokolola zambiri, kukana malo ogona. Kuyenera kwa anthu opalasa galimoto kuti afotokoze bwino za mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya peyala ya Varis . Iye ali wodwala pang'ono, wakucha-pakati, kukagona ndi nyemba zowonongeka ndizokhazikika. Mitundu ya Vera (mpaka 65 cm), Ambrosia (mpaka 70 masentimita), Chozizwitsa Chaching'ono , Chisangalalo cha Babushkin (65 cm) chimatengedwa ngati chodalira.
Nyemba zosiyanasiyana za Calvedonian zodabwitsa
Malangizo abwino kwambiri awa ndi oyenerera, mwatsopano mawonekedwewa ndi okoma ndi okoma, oyenerera kupanga. Ndi chozizwitsa cha zana la Calvedonian chimapereka makilogalamu 40 ngakhale mkaka wakucha. Mtola uwu umatanthawuza zamoyo ndi mitundu yambiri yokhala ndi miyendo ndi yambiri, yosavuta kuyeretsa. Muzitsamba zamadzimadzi za Calvedonian zodabwitsa mpaka masentimita 8, pali 8 nthanga za ubongo zomwe zimasiyana ndi kuzizira ndi kusungidwa.
Pea Alpha - Zofotokozera Zosiyanasiyana
Mtolawu umakula popanda kuthandizira, zosiyanasiyana zimakhala kutalika kwa masentimita 55 ndipo zimakhala zosavuta mu agrotechnics. Ndikoyenera kuti nyemba ziyeretsedwe kamodzi pamene kukula kwake kuli pafupifupi 70%. Alfa - zosiyanasiyana zosiyanasiyana, koma ndi khola zokolola komanso zabwino zamalonda makhalidwe. Ogorodniki ananena zake kuchuluka kukana wamba bowa (fusariosis, askohitoz) ndi chisanu.
Mitedza yaitali - mitundu
Mitengo yaitali ya nandolo pakati pa nyengo za chilimwe nthawi zina amatchedwa "tychkovyh" kapena "koloni". Zili zovuta kukula, koma zimapereka zokolola zambiri. M'pofunika kukhazikitsa zothandizira pambuyo pa maonekedwe a masamba 3-4 ndi kumangiriza chomeracho. Bzalani nandolo yayikulu kwambiri, ndikufuna kuunikira, imakonda kutentha. Ngati dzuŵa liri laling'ono, chomera chimakhala, kutambasula, zimayambira. Nthawi zina mitundu yayitali imagwiritsidwa ntchito mwaluso kwa ulimi, kupatsa kuwonjezera pa chokoma nandolo zina zowonjezera.
Mitedza yamitundu yosiyanasiyana:
- Zhegalov 112,
- Alderman,
- Telegraph,
- Chozizwitsa chodabwitsa
- Kuwombera kwa Shuger.
Ngati simukukhutira ndi miyendo ya mamita awiri kukula kwa chitsamba cha mphesa chifukwa cha mavuto omwe akusamalidwa, ndiye kuti mukhoza kugula mbewu za mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Zingathe kusankhidwa kukhala Azart, Viola, Voskhod, Gigant, Horn, Emerald, Lincoln, Inexhaustible 195, Oscar, Premium, Kukwanitsa 65-3, Sphere, Kumwera 47. Mitundu yambiri ya Mada Madonna - sing'anga, sikunama, ndipo zimakula mpaka 90 masentimita pamtunda kapena iye kuti azikhalamo bwino.
Pea Farao akulongosola za zosiyanasiyana
Farao ndi chomera chomera chokhala ndi phesi kutalika kwa mita imodzi, koma chimatanthawuza mitundu yambiri ya mchenga yomwe imakhala yochepa kwambiri. Mitundu imeneyi ingatchedwe kuti imalonjeza, kusagonjetsa chilala, ndi zokolola za 56 c / ha. Icho chimachotsedwa mwachindunji kuphatikiza m'minda, zomwe zimachepetsa kuchepa. Ngati mutenga nyemba za mtola, ndi mitundu yabwino kwambiri yotsegulira, nyemba nyemba.
Pea Prelado - kufotokozera zosiyanasiyana
Prelado ndi yoyenera kwa alimi amene amagula nyemba za nyemba zokolola kumayambiriro ndi kukolola nyemba zatsopano. Nandolo zake ndi zazikulu ndi kukoma kwa shuga, khalidwe labwino kwambiri. Kukula kwa nyemba zimenezi kumabwera pa tsiku la 40, ndi mphamvu ya kuthengo yomwe ili pafupi masentimita 70. Prelado chisanu ndi mantha, mitundu iyi ya Chidatchi siidayendetsedwa bwino ndi chilala, kuteteza makhalidwe abwino ndi maonekedwe a nandolo m'malo ovuta.
Peas Belmondo - kufotokozera zosiyanasiyana
Mukuyang'ana mmabukulowa mufunafuna, ndi nandolo zotani, muyenera kusamalira mbeu zakunja zakunja. Mitundu yambiri yofiira ndi ya Middle Belmondo nyemba za chisanu cha ku French, kukula kwa masentimita 95. Mbewu zimadalira kukwera kwa tchire la mbewuyi kuti tizitha kukhalamo, nyemba sizimaswa, zimatha panthawi yokolola pang'ono. Belmondo imalekerera chisanu bwino ndipo ili ndi makhalidwe abwino ophikira.
Nkhumba Oscar - kufotokozera zosiyanasiyana
Ngati mukuyang'ana mitundu yobiriwira ya nandolo, yomwe ingagwiritsidwe ntchito moyenera komanso mwadongosolo, samverani Oscars oyambirira. Kutalika kwa tchire kuli masentimita 80, zomwe zimachepetsa chiopsezo chogona. Mu mapeyala amadzimadzi a masentimita 9 m'litali, kuchokera ku 10 mpaka 12 abwino a nandolo zabwino kwambiri amapangidwa, pokhala ndi shuga wambiri. Ndi yabwino yozizira, njira zosiyanasiyana zozisamalira, zakumwa zatsopano.
Mitedza yamitundu yosiyanasiyana
Mbali yosangalatsa ya nyemba za shuga ndizokhoza kudya nandolo yatsopano pamodzi ndi nyemba zamasamba. Pa masamba alibe filimu yolemba, yomwe imasokoneza kukoma. Kukolola n'kofunika musanayambe kuoneka ngati reticulum pamwamba pa mapepala, zomwe zimasonyeza kuti zowonjezera. Muli mndandanda mitundu yamitundu yambiri yamatope - yam'mwamba, yaying'ono, yaifupi, oyambirira komanso okhwima pakati. Malingana ndi zokolola ndi alumali moyo wa nyemba shuga wotsika kwa abale osasunthika, ndi bwino kufesa zomera za mitundu yosiyanasiyana pamabedi.
Mtundu wa nyemba umene umaloledwa kudyetsa masamba amtundu wobiriwira amatchedwanso nyemba zam'mimba. Pophika, pali mbale zambiri zomwe zomerazi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Pamene kutentha kumachiritsidwa, khoma la pod akuwonongedwa, kukoma kwa mankhwala kumatuluka, zipatso zimakhala zokoma komanso zosangalatsa. Kuchokera shuga nandolo, saladi, pies nyama, casseroles ndi okonzeka, ndi chakudya chabwino chokhazikika mu fomu yophika. Nkhuku zokazinga ndi zakudya zotchuka ku America kapena ku China.
Mitundu yabwino ya peyala yosangalatsa:
- Shuga,
- Zhegalov,
- Geneva,
- Chimphona,
- Zokoma,
- Zimphona za Switzerland,
- Msuzi wa msuzi.
Msuzi wambiri - chakudya chokhala ndi calorie yochepa, pa 100g ya mankhwala olemera makilogalamu 73. Nyemba zothandiza zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa zakudya zambiri, mu zipatso zosalala zambiri amino acid ndi selenium, zimalimbikitsidwa kuti ziwonongeke kuti zisawonongeke. Anthu omwe amadya nandolo nthawi zonse amachepetsa chiopsezo cha matenda a mtima kapena matenda oopsa. Mu zipatso za nyemba, pali mapuloteni ambiri omwe amalepheretsa ukalamba, kuthandiza kuti khungu likhale labwino kwambiri. Mitundu ya nandolo imachotsa poizoni bwino, kuyeretsa mmimba kuchokera ku slags.