Momwe mungamalire bwino nkhaka mu mbande - malamulo ofunikira omwe adzaonetsetsa kukolola bwino

Nkofunika kudziwa momwe mungamere bwino nkhaka mu mbande, chifukwa chomeracho chiyenera kukonzekera kubzala. Pali zifukwa zina zokhudzana ndi nthawi yobzala, zomwe zimatsatira ndondomeko yake komanso kusamalidwa.

Nkhaka mbande - kukula kunyumba

Pali malamulo okhudza kulenga zinthu zoyenera kubzala mbeu ya nkhaka:

1. Kuti pakhale chitukuko chabwino, kuwala ndi kofunika, choncho ndi bwino kudziŵa kumene mabokosi omwe ali ndi mbande adzayikidwa. Iwo sayenera kukhudzidwa ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa. Kuwala kuyenera kubwera kwa mbande kwa maora 12. Ngati izi sizigwira ntchito, mugwiritseni ntchito zotsitsimutsa.
2. Kukula nkhaka mbande kumafuna kuganizira kutentha ndi chinyezi. Pamaso pa mawonekedwe a cotyledonous masamba, zizindikiro ziyenera kukhala pamtunda wa 30 ° C, ndipo pambuyo phindu lichepa mpaka 19-22 ° C. Kuti mukhale ndi nkhaka yabwino, dziwani kuti mpweya ukhale wouma - pamtunda wa 70-80%.

Pamene chodzala nkhaka mu mbande?

Chifukwa chodzala pa webusaiti muyenera kukhala amphamvu ndi kupanga mbande. Nthawi yodzala nkhaka za mbande zimadalira kumene zomera zidzasinthidwe.

1. Kwa wowonjezera kutentha. Ngati kuika kwa mbande kudzachitika kutentha kwa wowonjezera kutentha, ndi kulondola mbeu kubzala pakati pa nyengo yozizira, koma nthawi yopanda kutentha ndi nthawi yoyenera ndi February.
2. Kumalo otseguka. Malangizo a momwe mungamere bwino nkhaka kukhala mbande amasonyeza kuti ziwerengero zimagwiritsidwa ntchito posankha tsiku la mbeu. Kufika pa webusaitiyi kumachitika pamene nthaka imatenthedwa kufika 15 ° C, ndi mpweya - mpaka 20 ° C. Kwa madera ambiri, nthawi kuyambira kumapeto kwa kasupe mpaka kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe ndi abwino. Mbande zidzakula mu masabata 35-, 5-4.5, zomwe zingakuthandizeni kudziwa nthawi yoyenera kufesa.

Kukonzekera mbewu za nkhaka kwa kufesa pa mbande

Ngati mumagwiritsa ntchito mbewu zanu, ndiye kuti choyamba ayenera kuthira, ndikuyambitsa potassium permanganate . Pambuyo pake, kukonzekera kwa mbewu za nkhaka kwa mbande ndi chimodzimodzi kusungirako ndi kumabzala zokolola:

1. Choyamba, patukani mbewu zopanda kanthu, zomwe mu 1 tbsp. madzi, sungunulani 1 tsp mchere, sakanizani ndi kuthira mbewu. Sakanikirana, ndipo ayenera kuchotsedwa.
2. Pamene mbeu imatupa pang'ono, yichotse ndikusunthira maola 10 mufiriji, ndiyeno maola 6-8 azitha kutentha pafupi ndi batiri.
3. Gawo lotsiriza la kukonzekera mbewu kuti muwabzala pa mbande ikuwuluka . Kuti muchite izi moyenera, ikani pa chidutswa cha nsalu kapena thonje, kuphimba ndi kuchepetsa. Ikani malo otentha ndipo nthawi zonse muonetsetse kuti nsaluyo siuma.

Nthaka kwa mbande ya nkhaka

Mbewu zowzalima zingakhale m'dziko lapadera, zomwe zimagulitsidwa m'masitolo. Kwa izo kulimbikitsidwa kuti muwonjezere mu mtengo womwewo mtengo wa utuchi, koma biohumus iyenera kukhala yocheperapo kawiri. Mukhoza kudzipangira nokha. Dothi lopangidwa ndi mbande za nkhaka limaphatikizapo gawo limodzi la dothi, peat ndi humus, ndi gawo limodzi la magawo atatu a mchenga wa mtsinje kapena utuchi wa utuku. Tikulimbikitsidwa kuyika nkhuni phulusa mukusakaniza, poganizira kuti 10 malita ayenera kuwerenga 1 tbsp, ndi pang'ono urea ndi nitrofosses.

Kodi kubzala nkhaka mu mbande?

Pali njira zingapo zomwe mungasankhire mbeu, choncho pali chinthu choti musankhe. Izi zikhoza kuchitika mu chidebe chimodzi, kusunga mbeu pakati pa masentimita angapo, koma ndiye kuti mukuyenera kuyendetsa. Zomwe amaluwa amalimbikitsa seeding nkhaka mbewu kwa mbande kuti azigwira awiri zidutswa makapu, ndi kenako kuchotsedwa ofooka mmera.

Kulima nkhaka mbande mu peat miphika

M'masitolo a alimi a galimoto mungathe kugula makapu apadera, omwe ayenera kudzazidwa ndi nthaka yokonzeka, osakwanira kufika 1 masentimita. Kuphika kwa nkhaka mu miphika ya peat kuti mbande ichitidwe pamodzi ndi mbewu zowuma komanso zowuma.

1. Nyema zouma ziyenera kuwonjezeka ndi 1.5-2 masentimita, owazidwa ndi nthaka ndi pang'ono osweka. Miphika imasulidwa mu khola ndipo imatsanulidwa kuchokera ku mfuti.
2. Pofuna kubzala mbewu zowonongeka, maenje 2 masentimita apangidwa. Dulani nyemba pamenepo, kuwawaza ndi nthaka ndikuzigwiritsa ntchito pang'ono. Kenaka piritsirani ulimi wothirira ku mfuti.
3. Pazochitika zonsezi, pezani miphika ndi filimu, kuti mupange microclimate. Ikani pallets mu kutentha, ndipo pamene pali mphukira, kenaka pitani pamalo owala ndikuchotsani filimuyi.
4. Mbewu zimatumizidwa ku malowa pamapope a peat, omwe angakhale ngati feteleza wowonjezera. Limbikitsani kwambiri kuti zidazo ziziyenda pang'ono pamwamba.

Kukula nkhaka mbande mu makapu

Imodzi mwa njira zomwe zimapezeka komanso zopezeka kubzala mbewu, zomwe ziri ndi zizindikiro zake. Bzalani nkhaka bwino:

1. Tengani makapu a pulasitiki ndikudula pansi pa izo. Ikani ma pallets, kenako mudzaze matanki ndi chomera chamchere.
2. Kubzala nkhaka mu makapu a mmera kumatanthawuzira pulasitiki mu chidebe chilichonse cha mbeu ziwiri pa 1.5-2 cm. Pamwamba ndi gawo lochepa la nthaka.
3. Pambuyo ulimi wothirira, gwiritsani ntchito mfuti. Zolinga zimatseka filimuyi ndikutumiza ku malo otentha, koma kutali ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa.
4. Pamene mphukira ikuwonekera, chotsani chivundikirocho. Mmodzi mwa mbande zokhwima kuchokera ku galasi lililonse ayenera kuchotsedwa, kusiya wina wamphamvu. Kubzala mbande zomwe zimamera pamtengowo zimapangidwa ndi kusintha.

Kusamalira mbande za nkhaka kunyumba

Kuti mupange bwino, muyenera kusamalira mbewu bwino. Waukulu kusamalira mbande za nkhaka pambuyo kumera ndi kuthirira , zomwe ziyenera kuchitidwa ndi madzi ofunda. Ndikofunika kuti usathire madzi ochuluka, mwinamwake mizu idzavunda ndipo idzafa. Nthawi zambiri kuthirira madzi ndi nthaka, choncho zimalimbikitsa kutenga dothi laling'ono ndikuyesera kulumphira mpirawo. Ngati izi zichitika, ndiye kuti ulimi wothirira siwunikira, ndipo ngati nthaka ikugwa, ndiye madzi.

Kodi kudyetsa mbande ya nkhaka?

Ngati nthaka inagwiritsidwa ntchito kubzala ndipo pali feteleza oyenera mmenemo, ndiye kuti feteleza ingapewe. Zowonjezeredwa zimalimbikitsidwa pamene masamba ali achikasu, kuthamanga kapena mbande sikulakula. Zowonjezera feteleza za mbande za nkhaka zikhoza kuchitidwa ndi yankho la phulusa, chisakanizo cha microelements, ngakhalenso kulowetsedwa kwa mullein kapena zitosi za mbalame. Ndikofunika kuwonjezera kuwonjezera zowonjezerapo kutsanulira nthaka m'dekha.

1. Kwa nthawi yoyamba zowonjezera zimapangidwa pambuyo poonekera kwa masamba awiri. Kuti muchite izi, gwiritsani ntchito urea, nitrate ndi superphosphate.
2. Nthawi yotsatira, feteleza akuwonjezeredwa musanadzalemo mbande m'nthaka. Kuti muchite izi, sankhani potassium sulfate ndi superphosphate kapena organic.

Kutenga nkhaka mbande

Mukafika mumatumba osiyana, kusankha sikuchitika, ndipo pambali ina pamafunika pamene masamba enieni awonekera. Pofotokoza ngati mukufuna kutenga nkhaka mbande ndi momwe mungachitire molondola, ganizirani izi:

1. Zosankha zingapangidwe mu miphika kapena makapu. Konzani dothi losakaniza, limene latchulidwa kale.
2. Pofufuza momwe mungamere bwino nkhaka mu mbande, ziyenera kuonetsedwa kuti musanasankhe, mbande imathiriridwa, kenako amachotsedwa ndi spatula kapena supuni ndi kanyumba kakang'ono ka dziko lapansi. Tumizani ku dzenje lokonzekera, kutsanulira pang'ono, kuwaza dothi ndikunyengerera pansi.

Kodi kudzala nkhaka mbande pamalo otseguka?

Izi zamasamba zikukula mofulumira ndipo kale masiku 25-27 mutatha kufesa n'zotheka kukafika pamalo osatha. Izo zatchulidwa kale kuti kubzala kwa mbatata mbande kumalo otseguka kumachitika pamene dziko lapansi liwomba mpaka osachepera 15 ° C, ndipo ichi ndi chiyambi cha June. Kwa wowonjezera kutentha, nthawi yoyenera imabwera masiku 10-20 a May. Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti malire awa amadalira nyengo ya nyengo. Zimalimbikitsidwa kuti zikhale zovuta za mbeu musanabzalidwe: choyamba, tsiku lirilonse, pendani mbande, ndiyeno mutenge maola angapo kuti mutsegule.

Matenda a nkhaka mbande ndi mankhwala

Ngati nyembazo zidabzalidwa molakwika kapena zosamalidwa zimatengedwa ndi zolakwika, ndiye kuti pangakhale mavuto osiyanasiyana. Malangizo a momwe mungamere bwino nkhaka pa mbande zimasonyeza kuti ngati mbewu sizimang'amba, masamba amatembenukira chikasu, kapena mbewu zikufota, izi ndi zizindikiro za matenda kapena matendawa. Ngati chinyezi chikuwonjezeka, ndiye kuti chitukuko cha white rot, powdery mildew, ndi mizu chimayambira. Komanso, kangaude wa kangaude akhoza kufalikira.

1. Ngati tchire chikugunda chakuda, ndiye kuti mbande ziyenera kuwonongedwa. Kuchokera ku matendawa a nkhaka mbande ndizotheka kuteteza tchire losagwidwa ndi mankhwala ndi antifungal fungicides.
2. Kukhalapo kwa imvi kuwonetseredwa ndi mabala akuluakulu a bulauni ndi imvi. Kuchiza, mabala amavuto amawaza ndi phulusa ndipo amasiya kuthirira.
3. Ngati pali mawanga oyera kapena ofiira pa mbande, ndiye powdery mildew, zomwe zimamenyana ndi kupukuta madera okhudzidwa ndi phulusa. Kuwonjezera apo, kubzala ayenera kutsitsidwa ndi yankho la colloidal sulfure.
4. Pamalo onse a chomera, nthawi zambiri, mavulu oyera amawoneka, omwe amazindikiridwa pa choyera choyera. Pofuna kumenya nkhondo, zowonongeka zimadetsedwa ndi mandimu. Kuonjezerapo, zomera zimachoka pambali ndi kusiya kuthirira.
5. Ngati muwona mfundo zachikasu ndi zowala, chiwerengero chake chikukula, ndiye ndi kangaude. Pakapita kanthawi, bubu la kangaude likuwonekera, ndikukongoletsa masamba kuchokera pansi. Pofuna kuthana ndi tizirombo, nkofunika kuti tichite mankhwala oyenera ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, monga "Phytoferm", "Agravertin" kapena "Carbophos".
6. Pofuna kukonza nkhaka, ngakhale atayikidwa bwino, akhoza kusungunula supuni ya aphid, yomwe imawonekera pamunsi mwa masamba ndi mphukira. Patapita kanthawi, zomera zimayamba kuuma. Ngati mphutsi zidawoneke, ayenera kutsukidwa pogwiritsa ntchito thonje la thonje lomwe linalowetsedwa m'madzi a sopo. Pamene zilondazo zikuluzikulu, mankhwala ophera tizilombo amachitika. Kupopera mbewu kumachitika kawiri pafupipafupi masiku atatu.