Njira zambiri za feteleza za nthaka zomwe zimadalira mankhwala achilengedwe zakhala zikudziwika kale: mankhusu anyezi , phulusa , adyo, fumbi, fodya, udzu, mazira, malita kapena manyowa. Koma sikuti aliyense amadziwa kuti n'zotheka kuti manyowa adzalitse zomera zina pamtunda. Mitengo yotereyi imaphatikizapo mpiru, odziwika bwino pophika ndi mankhwala, ngakhale kuti sizingakhale zachilendo kwa wamaluwa kuti azigwiritsa ntchito feteleza m'minda yawo.
Msuzi wa mpiru ndi chaka chomera mafuta, ndi mizu yakuya ndi waukulu wobiriwira, kuyambira masentimita 30 mpaka 80 mu msinkhu. Pamene ukuphuka kumawonekera chikasu maluwa anasonkhana mu burashi ndi amphamvu, uchi fungo kuchokera chipatso ndiye anapanga - yaitali poto ndi mbewu. Komabe imatchedwa siderat - fetereza fetereza.
Mbali za kulima mpiru
Pofesa mpiru pansi pa feteleza, mofanana ndi nthaka ya podzolic, yokhala ndi feteleza, koma ikhoza kukula pa mchenga wokhala ndi mchenga. Sitikukula pa dothi losavuta, losambira ndi dothi la solonchaks.
Chilala chodzala ndi chosalekerera chomera, makamaka amakonda kuthirira nthawi ya kumera ndi kupanga mapangidwe.
Kabichi sayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito monga chithunzithunzi, chifukwa iwo ali ochokera m'banja lomwelo cruciferous ndipo ali ndi matenda wamba.
N'chifukwa chiyani mpiru imagwiritsidwa ntchito kufesa nthaka?
- Popeza mpiru uli ndi mizu imene imalowa pansi, imamasula, imamangirira ndi kukhetsa.
- Mzuwu wokha umatulutsa chinthu chomwe chimayambitsa wayaworm , kotero zimapewa malo oterowo.
- Pamene msuzi wa mpiru umalowa m'nthaka, tizilombo tina tizilombo timawoneka m'nthaka, zomwe zimachita komanso zimapindulitsa.
- Amathetsa kukula kwa namsongole, pamene ikukula mofulumira.
- Amatha kutanthauzira zovuta zowonjezera zakudya (phosphates), zosatheka kwa zomera zambiri, mu mawonekedwe osavuta.
- Mizu ya mpiru imateteza nthaka kumayambiriro ndi kumapeto kwa kutentha kwa madzi ndi mphepo, ndipo m'nyengo yozizira amaletsa kuzizira kwambiri.
- Zomwe zili ndi mafuta ofunikira m'madera onse a chomera ndizo zowononga kuti zisawonongeke.
Kodi ndi liti komanso momwe mungamere mpiru za nthaka?
Msuwa wa msuzi ukhoza kufesedwa panthawi yonseyi: Kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa kasupe mpaka kumayambiriro kwa September, kufesa malo alionse aulere. Koma mbeu yaikulu ya mpiru monga feteleza ikhoza kuchitika kawiri pachaka:
- m'chaka - mwezi umodzi musanadzalemo masamba a chikhalidwe (mwachitsanzo: mbatata);
- m'dzinja - mutatha kukolola.
Ndi bwino kufesa mpiru nthawi yomweyo mutatha kukolola, kuti musatayike mthunzi komanso nthaka siuma. Pali njira ziwiri zofesa:
- Mbewu ikhale yakuya 1.5 - 2 masentimita m'mizera patali mtunda wa masentimita 15 (mbeu ya 120-150 g pamtunda mamita);
- Manyowa awononge mbewu pamabedi, ndikugwiritsanso ntchito makoswe, ndi kuwaza ndi nthaka (300-400 g mamita mita).
Mbande adzawonekera mu 3-4 masiku.
Patapita pafupifupi mwezi ndi theka, pamene chomera chimakula mpaka 15-20 masentimita, ndevu iyenera kugwedezeka (pamene masamba a chomerawo ali atsopano, yowutsa mudyo, ndibwino kuti muchite kufikira maluwa ake aakulu). Kenaka misa imakhala pansi ndipo imakhala pansi, imathiridwa bwino ndi kukonzekera EM ("Baikal", "Kuwala", "Kubwezeretsa", etc.), yokutidwa ndi filimu yakuda kapena pepala lapaulendo.
Mukasindikiza ndevu, ziyenera kukumbukira kuti kuwonongeka kwa mabwinja a chomerachi kumadutsa kokha ngati pali chinyezi chokwanira m'nthaka, choncho kuthirira kudzafunika nthawi yamvula.
Choncho, pogwiritsa ntchito mpiru m'dera mwanu ngati feteleza, mudzakhala ndi nthaka yokongola pofika m'dzinja: kutayirira, wathanzi komanso opindulitsa ndi zinthu zonse zofunikira kukula kwa zomera.