Peking kabichi - kulima, makamaka kubzala kwa mitundu yabwino

Peking kabichi yokoma ndi yowutsa mudyo imakhala yotchuka kwambiri chaka chilichonse. Kuchokera pamenepo mukhoza kuphika mbale zosiyanasiyana zomwe si zokoma, komanso zothandiza. Kodi kabichi ya Peking, kukula ndi kusamalira chomera ndi chidziwitso chofunikira choyamba kwa wamaluwa.

Peking kabichi - ndondomeko

Chomeracho, chochokera ku Cruciferae, chinali choyamba ku China. Mu America ndi Europe, chikhalidwe ichi chinafalikira kokha m'ma 70s. Zapadera za kulima Peking kabichi sizikutanthawuza kupanga zinthu zapadera, anthu ambiri amazidyera pa ziwembu zawo. Anthu amatcha "Chinese saladi" kapena "pekinka". Fotokozani chomera ichi chingakhale chowonadi:

1. Pali mitundu itatu ya masamba awa: okaphika, oyenda ndi masamba.
2. Amagwiritsira ntchito Peking kabichi ku zomera za zaka ziwiri, koma nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito monga chikhalidwe cha pachaka.
3. Zomera zimakhala ndi timadzi timene timakhala ndi mchere wambiri komanso wosasinthasintha. Mphepete mwadzu ndi zamphepo kapena zimatentha. Mtundu umaphatikizapo malawi achikasu ndi ofiira.
4. Mitundu yomwe imakhala ndi mitu yambiri yomwe imapangidwa ndi masamba.

Peking kabichi - mitundu

Ndi bwino kubereka kusankha mtundu wosakanizidwa womwe unabzalidwa ndi obereketsa. Mmodzi mwa otchuka kwambiri akhoza kusiyanitsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana:

1. "Kukula kwa Russian". Wosakanizidwa wosagwirizana ndi mikhalidwe yovuta, yomwe pambuyo pakusasitsa kumabala masiku makumi asanu ndi atatu. Ndi bwino, Peking kabichi imakula mpaka makilogalamu 4.
2. "Cha-cha." Chokolola chochulukirapo m'kalasiyi chimakula mukamakula m'katikati mwake. Ngati mukukwiyitsa ndi kubzala mbewu kumayambiriro a masika, ndiye kuti zipatso zoyambirira zikhoza kukolola patapita masiku 55, choncho izi zimatchedwa nyengo ya pakati. Pafupifupi, amalemera pafupifupi 2.8 makilogalamu.
3. Orange Mandarin. Zosiyanasiyanazi ndi kukula msinkhu, kotero zikhoza kubzalidwa nthawi yonse ya chilimwe. Pazifukwa zabwino, zokolola zimasonkhanitsidwa masiku 40 mutabzala. Mitu yoyamba idzakhala yolemera pafupifupi 1 makilogalamu. Tiyenera kuzindikira kuti kutentha kwazitentha, kotero mtundu uwu ukhoza kubzalidwa bwino ku Siberia.
4. Vorozhey. Izi ndizosiyana-siyana maluwa omwe awonjezera elliptical flat flat ndi pang'ono m'mphepete. Ndi bwino kukula ngati masamba a saladi.
5. "Nika". Mtundu wosakanizidwa umene umabala zipatso mwamsanga. Nkhonozi ndi zazikulu komanso zooneka bwino. M'gawoli ali achikasu. Tiyeni tione kuti pakati pa mapepala ena a Peking kabichi amasiyana ndi kuyika kwa phula la sera ndi makwinya.
6. "Vesnyanka". Mitundu ina yoyamba yakucha, yomwe imasonyeza kuti imatsutsana ndi zida. Kuchokera pakuyamba kwa mbande ndi kuthekera kokolola, nthawi zambiri, masiku makumi atatu apitirira. Peking yotereyi imayesedwa bwino kwambiri.
7. "Galasi." Zoterezi ndizopakatikati, ndipo kukolola kudzatha masiku makumi asanu ndi awiri atatha. Masamba ali ndi mawonekedwe okongola, ndipo ndi owopsya ndipo ali obiriwira achikasu. Zoterezi ndi zovuta komanso kupeza zokolola zabwino, ndikofunikira kupanga zinthu zabwino.

Kubzala kwa Peking kabichi panja

Mosiyana ndi mbewu zambiri za masamba, mbewu za Peking kabichi sizikuyenera kuti zilowerere musanafese. Pa nthawi yomweyi, alimi odziwa bwino amalangiza kuti asagule mbewu, koma akuwongolera mu nsalu yonyowa pokonza kuti mbeu ikhale yoyenera. Ngati patatha masiku asanu sumawoneka, ndi bwino kugula mbewu m'sitolo. Kulima Peking kabichi kuchokera ku mbeu ziyenera kuchitika malinga ndi malamulo, omwe amakhudza kusankha malo abwino ndi kukonzekera mabowo.

Pecan kabichi kubzala zozizwitsa

Pali mndandanda wochepa wa zofunikira kuti zikhale bwino, zomwe ziyenera kuganiziridwa:

1. Samalani ndi khalidwe la nthaka, lomwe liyenera kukhala lachonde. Zosankha zosankhidwa zikuwonetsedwa pansipa. Dziko lapansi liyenera kukhala ndi umuna m'dzinja, pogwiritsa ntchito makilogalamu 4.5 a manyowa pa 1 m ² .
2. Sankhani malo odzala Peking kabichi m'chaka, kuti tsiku lowala likhale ndi maola osachepera 12. Kupanda kutero, chiopsezo cha maluwa ndi mbewu ziwonjezeka.
3. Tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tidziwitse kutentha kwa mlengalenga, kotero kuti nyengo yoyenera chizindikiro chiyenera kukhala 80%, ndipo chinyezi cha pansi ndi 65%.
4. Zidzakhala bwino kukula Peking kabichi, yomwe imamera m'munda umene kale unakula nkhaka, kaloti, mbatata, anyezi ndi adyo. Sitikulimbikitsidwa kubzala masamba pambuyo pa radish, turnips ndi zina zotchedwa cruciferous.
5. Kuti muteteze kabichi kuti musayang'ane ndi dzuwa loopsa kapena chimfine chozizira, mukhoza kubisa mabedi ndi agrofiber.

Kutalikirana pakati pa Peking kabichi nthawi yobzala

Kulima kungatheke ndi mbewu kapena mbande, kotero tiwunika njira ziwirizi:

1. Malamulo odzala Peking mbande za kabichi amatanthauza kuika mbewu miphika ndi nthaka mozama osapitirira 1 masentimita. Ndi bwino kudzala kuti mtunda wa pakati pa zomera zitsitsike ndi 1-2 masentimita. Kuwombera kumawonekera pakapita masiku angapo. Kuwaza mbande pamalo omasuka kungakhale, pamene pali masamba 4-5 enieni.
2. Mukamabzala mbeu ya Peking kabichi, kulima kumbali kumaphatikizapo kukonzekera mabedi, zomwe siziyenera kukhala zozama. Pakati pa mabowo ndi mizere iyenera kukhala mtunda wa masentimita 25-30. Pambali, mungathe kupanga zingwe zopapatiza, zomwe zimakhala zowonongeka kwambiri pakamwa.

Kulima masiku a kabichi wa Chinese

Lamulo lofunikira lomwe liyenera kuwerengedwa ngati likufunikanso, kukula kabichi ndi nthawi yoyenera kubzala. Nthawi yabwino ndi yamasika (April 15-20) kapena pakati pa chilimwe (July 20 mpaka 10 August). Ngati nthawi yopanga Peking kabichi silingaganizidwe, ndiye kuti mbewuyo idzaponyera mivi ndi maluwa, kotero kuti zokolola zabwino sizikhoza kuwerengedwa. Mitengo yoyambirira ikhoza kukolola pambuyo pa masiku 40-55 mutabzala, ndipo kenako - m'masiku 60-80.

Kabichi wa China - kulima ndi kusamalira

Ngati mutasamalira bwino chikhalidwe cha masambawa, mukhoza kukolola bwino. Kulima kwa Peking kabichi pamalo otseguka kumatanthauza kuchotsa nthawi zonse namsongole zomwe zimalepheretsa kukula bwino. Pewani maonekedwe awo mwa kugubuduza , mwachitsanzo, pogwiritsa ntchito udzu wouma. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, pogwiritsa ntchito njirayi, mukhoza kusunga chinyezi m'nthaka yaitali. Kuti mupeze zitsulo zowonjezera za Peking kabichi, kulima kumaphatikizapo ndondomeko monga kumangiriza mutu. Kuligwiritsa ntchito kumayambiriro kwa maonekedwe a ovary.

Zapadera za kukula kabichi m'dziko - nthaka

Palibe zofunikira zokhudzana ndi dothi kumene zomera izi zidzakula, ndipo mosamala munthu akhoza kupeza zokolola zambiri. Olima munda amalangiza kuti asankhe dothi lachonde ndi lachonde limene limadutsa chinyezi bwino ndipo sungasunge chinyezi, ndiko kuti, dongo liyenera kuchotsedwa. Ndi bwino kulima ndi kusamalira Peking kabichi pa loam.

Kukula mbande, ndi bwino kusakaniza humus ndi kokonati substrate, gawo lachiwiri liyenera kukhala kawiri. Chinthu china choyenera ndi chisakanizo chofanana cha nkhuni ndi peat. Peking kabichi, yomwe imakula pang'onopang'ono, imakula bwino m'nthaka ngati 0,5 l ya humus imaphatikizidwira bwino.

Peking kabichi - kutentha kutentha

Kuti mupeze chitukuko mwamsanga komanso choyenera, yang'anani pa nyengo ya kutentha. Peking kabichi, kulima komwe sikutanthauza kulengedwa kwapadera, kuli kozizira. Mbewu ikhoza kumera pa 4-6 ° C, ndipo mbande zingakhoze kupirira ndi kuzizira pang'ono. Kuti apange mutu wabwino, kulima kabichi ku China kumafunika kutentha kwa 13-20 ° C. Ngati zizindikiro zili zochepa kusiyana ndi mtengo wotchulidwa, ndiye kuti pangakhale chiopsezo chachikulu choyambira.

Mkhalidwe wa kulima Peking kabichi - kuthirira

Pa mbeu zambiri za m'munda, nkofunika kuti kabichi ikule muyeso wambiri pa nthawi yolima. Onetsetsani kuti dothi silinaume, koma siliyenera kutembenuka chifukwa chopweteka kwambiri kumayambitsa matenda a fungal ndi kuvunda kwa muzu. Kusamalira Peking kabichi panja kumatanthawuza kukhazikitsidwa kwa kuthirira masiku atatu alionse, ngati kulibe mphepo. Pamene mukukula mu wowonjezera kutentha, ulimi wothirira umachitika kamodzi pa sabata.

Kulima Peking kabichi m'dziko - kudyetsa

Pofuna kupeza mbewu zabwino, feteleza amchere ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito, koma sangagwiritsidwe ntchito, monga kulima kabichi, mwinamwake nitrates adzasungira masamba. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti ndi bwino kupanga zovala zapamwamba za Peking kabichi m'chaka, ndikusiya ndi kubzala pazinthu izi zimatanthauza kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza zovuta. Chomeracho chimayendetsa bwino kwa mankhwala olemera mu potaziyamu. Ndibwino kuti muzitsanulira phulusa la nkhuni pansi pa kabichi, zomwe sizingakhale bwino feteleza, komanso kuteteza tizilombo toononga.

Peking kabichi - matenda ndi tizirombo

Kuti mupeze zokolola zabwino, nkofunika kutsata minda kuti muwone zomwe zingatheke panthawiyo. Kulima Peking kabichi ndi kusamalira kunja kumatanthauza kuthana ndi matenda ndi tizirombo:

1. Chinyezi chochuluka chimayambitsa maonekedwe oyera, oviira ndi akuda, komanso matenda a fungal.
2. Mu nyengo yowuma, tizirombo zosiyanasiyana timabereka, mwachitsanzo, slugs , cruciferous utitiri ndi ntchentche, kabulugufe ndi tizilombo tina. Kuti athetse tizirombo, njira zoterezi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito: kulowetsedwa kwa adyo, yankho la ammonia ndi ena.