Halva ndi wakale kum'maŵa zokoma. Kwa nthawi yoyamba iyo inayamba kukonzekera ku Iran, mu zaka za m'ma 5 BC. Kuphika kwa halva kunaperekedwa kuchokera kwa bambo kupita kwa mwana, ndipo ambuye omwe anakonza mankhwalawa amatchedwa kandalachi. Mwa njira, ku Turkey, Iran ndi Afghanistan a halva akuphikidwa ndi dzanja, ndipo iyi ndiyo yabwino kwambiri.
Poyamba, mfundo yopanga mankhwalawa ndi yophweka: muyenera kusakaniza caramel (uchi, molasses kapena shuga), puloteni m'munsi (nthawi zambiri mbewu kapena mtedza) ndi mtundu wanji wa thovu lamtunda (root licice, dzira yolk, mizu ya sopo). Koma zonse sizili zophweka - muyenera kulingalira osati zongoganizira zokwanira za mankhwala, komanso nthawi, komanso dongosolo la kusakaniza kwawo, kupeza njira yowonongeka komanso yopanda phokoso pa njira yopulumukira, osati mawonekedwe ooneka bwino.
Mitundu ya halva
Halva amadziwika ndi zipangizo zomwe zimapangidwa. Pali:
- sesame (tahini);
- mtedza;
- mtedza wa mandimu;
- mpendadzuwa;
- halva pamaziko a ufa;
- komanso ngakhale halva masamba.
Malinga ndi zomwe amagwiritsira ntchito, calorie yokhudzana ndi halva idzasinthidwanso.
Ndi zotani zingapo mu sunflower halva?
Halva ya mpendadzuwa ndi yotchuka makamaka m'madera omwe kale anali USSR. Amapanga kawirikawiri njira zamakampani, ngakhale kuti n'zosavuta kuphika kunyumba.
Halva ndi mpendadzuwa
Zosakaniza:
- peeled mbewu za mpendadzuwa - 500 g;
- ufa - 250 g;
- madzi 150 g;
- mafuta a mpendadzuwa - 150 g;
- shuga - 150 g.
Kukonzekera
Mu youma Frying poto Fry mbewu mpaka golide. Thirani mbewu mu mbale. Pamene iwo akuzizira, pani youma zowuma zowonjezera ufa mpaka mtundu wa kirimu. Timaya nyembazo ndi chopukusira khofi kapena chopukusira nyama. Sakanizani ndi ufa.
Ndiye timakonza madzi: chifukwa ichi timatsanulira madzi mu poto, timayaka pamoto, kuwonjezera shuga. Kulimbikitsanso madzi, kuphika izo mpaka kukulitsa pang'ono. Kenaka yikani madzi otsirizidwa ndi batala mu ufa wosakaniza ndi mbewu za mpendadzuwa. Timasakaniza bwino, timayika mu zisakanizo, ndikutumiza ku firiji kwa maola asanu. Zakudya zili zokonzeka.
Mu mpendadzuwa mumakhala vitamini B1, komanso muli nicotinic acid (vitamini PP) ndi riboflavin (vitamini B2). Malinga ndi zomwe zimayambitsa mchere, zokomazi ndizomwe zimakhala zokhudzana ndi chitsulo - pafupifupi kawiri kuposa momwe munthu amafunira tsiku lililonse 100 g ya mankhwala. Lili ndi mchere monga potaziyamu, magnesium , sodium ndi phosphorous. Kaloriki wokhutira ndi mpendadzuwa ndi pafupifupi 520 kilograms.
Kaloriki wokhutira nyemba zamasamba
Mtundu wina wamba wa halva ndi peanut halva. Ndipo pali mitundu iwiri ya ubwino uwu: halva wa tahin-peanut ndipo makamaka mandimu. Yoyamba imakonzedwa kuchokera ku zitsamba, ndi kuwonjezera kwa nthula, caloric zokhudzana ndi halva iyi ndi 502 kilocalories. Mu mankhwalawa, monga mu mchere wa sunflower, mavitamini a gulu B (B1, B3), iron, magnesium ndi phosphorous ali.
Zopangidwa kuchokera ku nkhalango ya halva, zimakhala ndi zokhudzana ndi caloriki: pa magalamu 100 a mankhwalawa ali ndi 530 kcal. M'mawonekedwe amenewa a kum'maŵa kotentha amakhalanso ndi mavitamini B ndi iron, komanso vitamini E. Kuwonjezera apo, nthanga yamchere, monga mandimu, ndiwopambana kwambiri wa mapuloteni a masamba. Mwamwayi, mtedza ndi amphamvu kwambiri, choncho anthu odwala matendawa komanso ana aang'ono amayenera kugwiritsa ntchito halva kuchokera mosamala kwambiri.
Kuonjezerapo, ngakhale kuti muli ndi vitamini-mineral olemera, mu halva iliyonse muli zambiri zamakono, musamachite nawo nawo pamene mutaya kulemera. Komabe, nthawi zina mumadzipangira ndi chithandizo chokoma ndi chokomacho akadakalibe.