Euphemism m'malankhulidwe amakono a Chirasha

Mawu akuti "euphemism" amatanthauza kusalowerera ndale komwe kumalowetsa mawu osayenera kuti mawuwo akhale ovuta kapena ophimbidwa. Akatswiri a za ndale, akatswiri a zachikhalidwe cha anthu ndi otsatsa malonda akugwiritsa ntchito njira yotereyi, pogwiritsa ntchito chojambula chojambula. Kodi mungaphunzire bwanji lusoli ndikuyang'ana bwino mafananidwe amenewa?

Kodi "chiyeso" ndi chiyani?

Ewuphemism ndi mawu osaloŵerera kapena kufotokoza kumene amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo mwa zosayenera kapena zosayenera. Mawuwa anadza kwa ife kuchokera kwa okamba a ku Greece, ndipo kumasulira kumatanthauza "kulankhula bwino". Chida chojambulachi chikugwiritsidwa ntchito:

• mmalo mwa ndale, kusocheretsa kapena kugwiritsira ntchito mfundo;
• muzinthu zosindikizidwa kuti mutengere matemberero kapena mawu osayenera kuchokera ku malo apamtima.

Kufunikira kwa ziganizo zotereku kunayambira kuyambira nthawi ya zilankhulo za chinenero, pamene zinaletsedwa kutchula maina a milungu kapena matenda oopsa, ndi zochitika zina za chirengedwe. Pambuyo pake, mu nthawi ya Chikhristu, mawu oti "zodetsedwa" adalowetsa chikumbutso cha satana. Udindo wa mafilimu unakula kwambiri mu bwalo la akuluakulu, pamene malamulo a mayendedwe amafunikira zilembo zamakono. Masiku ano, mawu ovomerezeka oterewa amalowetsa bwino mawu osamveka ndi okwatirana.

Ntchito za mafilimu

Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa mphotho kumayesedwa ndi chikhumbo chopewa mikangano, kusamvetsetsana, kusunga malingaliro oyankhulana , kuyesera kukhazikitsa mkhalidwe wabwino kwa oyankhulana. Ntchito zazikuluzikuluzi:

1. Fotokozani zomwe akuchita kapena chinthu chofewa, osati chokhumudwitsa: "zovuta kumva" mmalo mwa "ogontha".
2. Kuwonetsa chowonadi chenicheni, tanthawuzo la mawu: "bungwe" mmalo mwa "ndende", "wapadera" - "woweruzidwa".
3. Kubisa kwa anthu onse tanthauzo lenileni la lembalo: "Ntchito yopindulitsa kwambiri kwa atsikana popanda makompyuta" - "Uhule".

Makhalidwe ogwiritsira ntchito mphotho

Euphmisms inayamba kale ndipo ikupitiriza kuwonjezeredwa, ikhonza kugawidwa m'magulu awiri:

1. Nthawi zonse . Pali zaka zambiri.
2. Osakhazikika . Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazochitika zina pamene akutsutsa mawu.

Mawu-mafilimu amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamagulu onse kuti asinthe malingaliro ndi zolemetsa zamaganizo kapena zolemba. Mu gawo laumwini iwo amasintha malingaliro awa:

• Njira zakuthupi: "matenda aakazi" - kusamba;
• ziwalo za thunthu, zogwirizana ndi mbali ya pansi, ziwalo zoberekera;
• ubale pakati pa mwamuna ndi mkazi .

M'magulu a anthu, chiyeso chimakonda kwambiri, chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kubisa choonadi:

• kukambirana zapadera;
• kuponderezedwa ndi akuluakulu kapena matupi;
• chitukuko cha usilikali ndi zinsinsi;
• ntchito yamalamulo;
• mgwirizano pakati pa anthu;

Zomwe zimachitika m'mafilimu

Zochita za mafilimu m'mabuku a zisudzo zimakhala zofanana, zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti zikhale zogwirizana kwambiri:

1. Ntchito ya akuluakulu a boma: "akuluakulu a boma" - "maofesi a federal";
2. Kufotokozera za mikangano ya nkhondo: "kuyeretsa gawo" - "chiwonongeko";
3. Kuwonetsera ndondomeko zachuma: "piramidi yachuma" - "nkhanza za ndalama";
4. Kulemba kwa dziko kapena magulu a anthu: "Munthu wopanda malo okhalamo" - "opanda pokhala", "African-American" - "Negro".
5. Mayina a ndondomeko za mayiko akunja: "dziko lopanda maikoli" "lolamulira ku America."

Mauthenga Othandizira pa Kuyankhulana kwa intaneti

Mipukutu yamakono ya Chirasha imapangidwira kuganizira zatsopano zamakono ndi mawu, njira yowonjezeramo ndiyo imodzi mwazofunikira pazochita za anthu. Kufunika kwa mayina atsopano kungabwere pazifukwa zitatu:

• chikhalidwe;
• makhalidwe;
• maganizo.

Popeza m'magulu onse oyankhulana ndi maulamuliro oletsedwa amaletsedwa, mawu opweteka amaloledwa ndi zilembo zolemba kapena "ulemu". Zomwezo zikugwiranso ntchito pofotokozera katundu wogulitsa kugonana kapena ubwino wa mautumiki apamtima. Osonkhanitsa amapanga ziganizo zawo, zomveka bwino kwa iwo, nthawi zambiri zimatanthawuza kumalo osungirako malonda osaloledwa mwalamulo kapena osagwirizana ndi malamulo, kumene zinthu kapena zogulitsa zimagulitsidwa.

Zomwe zimayambitsa malonda

Kugwiritsa ntchito uphemism mwaluso pamalonda, anthu a PR amayesetsa kupeŵa mawu omwe amakhumudwitsa kapena akupatula wogula. Izi ndizofunikira makamaka pa PR za mankhwala ndi zodzoladzola, kumene kuli kofunikira kufotokozera mbali zonse zogwira mtima mu mawonekedwe obisika: "njira yothetsera kutsekula m'mimba" - "kuthandizira ndi kutsekula m'mimba." Makhalidwe a chikhalidwe cha zilembo izi muzolemba zamalonda:

1. Mawu otsutsa omwe angawoneke ngati osavomerezeka, awononge phindu kapena fano la bungwe: "zabwino zopangira kugonana" - "kuthandizira kupanga chikondi."
2. Kuwononga okwera makampani mu bizinesi: "mankhwala athu opindulitsa kwambiri, mosiyana ndi enawo."
3. Kupewa nkhani za msinkhu, makamaka pofotokozera katundu kwa akazi: "zonona kwa amayi a ukalamba" - "njira yabwino yotsitsimutsira."

Zochitika za ndale zoyenera

Kukonzekera kwa ndale kumafuna kupewa mawu omwe amachititsa kuti anthu asamamve chisoni komanso amalemekezedwe, choncho chidziwitso cha uzimu pakati pa ndale chimalemekezedwa kwambiri. Kuchita maulendo ovomerezeka pa ndale ndi mawu awa:

• kuchepetsa kusankhana ndi ukalamba: "wokalamba" - "munthu wokalamba";
• kupatula chisankho kwa anthu olumala kapena kutaya maganizo : "olumala, olumala" - "munthu amene ali ndi zosowa zapadera";
• kubisa mtima wamanyazi kwa anthu omwe sali apamwamba apamwamba: "wogwiritsa ntchito makina" - "milkmaid";
• kusokoneza zochitika zosasangalatsa muchuma: "zosakondweretsa" - "kuwonjezeka kwa misonkho."

Kugonana kwachiwerewere

Kodi euphmism imatanthauza chiyani pazokhudzana ndi kugonana? Awa ndi mawu omwe amalowetsa mawu osayenerera oti alankhulane m'malo amtundu: "mbolo", "abambo", "orgasm". Kupititsa patsogolo kotereku kumatchuka kwambiri pa malo ochezera a pa Intaneti, pamene ndemanga zimayikidwa pafupipafupi, ndipo pakati pa alendo kumeneko angakhale ndi ana. Lingaliro la uphemism limalola kugwiritsa ntchito fanizo - kutulukira kuchokera ku zinenero zina, posachedwapa olemba malemba olemba mablogi anayamba kugwiritsa ntchito "olowera", otchuka ndi Azungu. Ambiri mwa iwo ndi awa:

1. M'masipanishi mawu akuti "choka m'mimba" amalowetsa "kutaya chidutswa". "Mbolo yamphamvu" amatcha "gulu la Dracula."
2. A French akuti "Ndikufuna kugona" akufotokozedwa kuti "ndikumangirira," koma za mbuye yemwe ali ndi chifuwa cha saggy akuti "anayamba kupereka kusintha".
3. Mkazi wa ku Japan ali ndi nkhope yoipa, koma wotchuka kwambiri wotchedwa baku-hsiang - "wokongola kumbuyo."