Kukula tsabola kumakhala kunyumba - zinsinsi zobzala bwino ndi kukonzekera mbewu

Kulima nyemba za mbatata kunyumba kumayenera kuyamba m'nyengo yozizira, kuti panthawi yomwe ikamatera imakula kwambiri ndipo yayambira masiku makumi asanu ndi atatu mpaka 100. M'nyumba kuti muchite ntchitoyi si kophweka, koma ndizomveka ngati patapita nthawi ndikuphunzira bwino zonse za chisamaliro cha chomera ichi chakumwera.

Kukula mbande za tsabola

Mitengo yobiriwira ndi yotsekemera imadziwika ndi nthawi yaitali ya zomera, choncho zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kupeza mbewu yabwino pakati pa mbewu yoongoka. Zimayambitsa ntchito ya chikhalidwe chomwe mbewu za chikhalidwechi sizikupezeka mosavuta ndipo zimapirira kulemekeza zomwe zili pawindo. Ngati kuthetsa vuto la momwe mungamere mbande zabwino za tsabola kunyumba, kubwera mozama, kukonzekera bwino mbewu ndi dothi, kupereka ma germs ndi bwino backlight, ngakhale mumzinda wophweka, mukhoza kupeza zotsatira zabwino.

Zomwe muyenera kuziganizira posankha tsabola zosiyanasiyana:

1. Nkhumba zimadya mtengo woposa mitundu, koma zimakhala ndi zokolola zambiri komanso zochepa.
2. Kukula mbande za tsabola kunyumba kuchokera ku mbewu zawo, kukolola ku hybrids, sikovomerezeka. Zizindikiro za makolo pakali pano sizikufalitsidwa, zomwe zimakhudza zokolola.
3. Zimalangizidwa kubzala mitundu ndi nyengo yochepetsera mosiyana kuti mukhale ndi zipatso zokoma m'nyengo yozizira.
4. Ziyenera kukumbukira kuti nyengo yoziziritsa (Siberia, Urals) mochedwa mitundu yomwe imakhala yokhwima kokha pamaso pa wowonjezera kutentha.
5. Tsabola yakukula ndi masiku 80-100, kwa mitundu yapakati - mpaka masiku 130, mochedwa mitundu - masiku 135-140 ndi zina.
6. Mmene kamwana kameneka kamakhalira, kamangidwe kake, koboidal, oval.
7. Kukula kwa chipatsocho ndi 5 cm ("Kolobok") mpaka 25 cm ("Sweet Banana") ndi zina.
8. Mtundu wa zipatso.
9. Zowonjezera - pali malo apadera a wowonjezera kutentha ndi munda wa khitchini.
10. Kutalika kwa tchire kumakhala masentimita 30 mpaka 170 cm.

Kukonzekera kwa tsabola mbewu za kubzala pa mbande

Kulima mbande za tsabola bwino panyumba kumapezeka kokha ndi kupezeka kwa mbewu zabwino komanso zabwino. Mbewu iyenera kukhala yatsopano. Kuyimira kumera kumakhala ndi mbeu ndi zaka 1-2, patapita zaka zitatu kumera kungagwe ndi 50%. Ngati pali zinthu zakale, cheke iyenera kuchitika pasadakhale, nthawi yofiira tsabola imatha kusiyana pakati pa masiku asanu ndi masiku makumi asanu ndi atatu ndi zina pansi pa zofanana.

Chithandizo cha tsabola mbeu asanabzalidwe pa mbande imagwiritsa ntchito disinfection mu 2% yankho la manganese kwa mphindi 20 kapena hydrogen peroxide 10%, ndiye yatsuka ndi madzi. Mafani ena amayamba kusefukira m'madzi ndi compressor, yomwe imawonjezera madzi ndi mpweya. Malinga ndi akatswiri, njira imeneyi imakula kumera kwa mbande m'nyumba ndipo imachepetsanso kumera. Nthaŵi ya opaleshoniyi ili maola asanu. Ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti kubzala zinthu monga mawonekedwe kapena capsules sizingatheke.

Kodi ndibwino bwanji kuti mulowetse mbewu za tsabola pazomera?

Mu funsoli, nthawi yowonjezera njere za tsabola chifukwa cha mbande, okonda amatsogoleredwa ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zomera. Ndibwino kuti tipeze njirayi kuyambira pakati pa February mpaka March 5, kuti panthawi yomwe zomera zimasamutsidwa kutsegula dothi, adzalandira mbande ndi maluwa amodzi. Pogwiritsa ntchito othandizira kukula , nthawi zonse muzitsatira malangizo omwe akufotokoza momwe mungathetsere vutoli komanso nthawi yomwe mukumera.

Momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito nyemba za tsabola pokula kunyumba:

1. Kulowa mu stimulator " Epin " kapena " Zircon ", monga njira ina, mukhoza kutenga potassium humate, "Albit", "Ideal" kapena mankhwala ena.
2. Kenaka, inoculum imayikidwa mujambo wothira kapena ubweya wa thonje kwa masiku awiri, ndikukulunga mu polyethylene.
3. Kuphimba kwathunthu ndi mbewu za madzi siletsedwa, chifukwa mpweya wabwino wamakono wopititsa patsogolo ndi wofunikira.
4. Zinthu zabwino kwambiri zowonjezera tsabola ziri kutentha pafupifupi 22-24 ° C.

Kodi kubzala tsabola lokoma pa mbande?

Kusankha mopitirira malire kumalimbitsa chitukuko cha zomera kwa milungu iwiri, malamulo odzala tsabola pa mbande zimaphatikizapo kubzala mu mapiritsi kapena tray wamba, kenako kutsatiridwa ku makapu ndi maonekedwe a mapepala awiri. Mpweya wabwino kwambiri wa mphikawo ndi 1 lita kapena 2 malita, koma izi ndizotheka kumakhala wowonjezera kutentha kapena kugwira ntchito ndi mbande zingapo. Pamene mukukula mbande za tsabola kunyumba, muyenera kuchepetsa makapu 100 ml - 200 ml kapena chidebe choposa masentimita 15.

Kodi kudzala tsabola pa mbande?

Poyembekeza masiku oyenera kubzala tsabola chifukwa cha mbande, timaganizira zosiyana siyana za chikhalidwe ndi nyengo m'dera lathu. Mitengo yakucha yofesa imabzalidwa kwa masiku 60-65 musanadzalemo, pakati pa kucha kucha obzalidwa masiku makumi asanu ndi awiri. Tsabola yotsekemera imatha nthawi yambiri yokula, choncho mitundu iyi ndi nyemba zimabzalidwa masiku makumi asanu ndi awiri ndi makumi asanu ndi atatu (80) asanayambe kukwera m'munda. Mavesi oyandikana nawo mu chipinda cha malo ambiri - kuyambira pa 20 February mpaka pakati pa March.

Ground kwa mbande za tsabola

Dothi ndi lofunika kukonzekera lotayirira, koma lopatsa thanzi, kuti likhale ndi chinyezi bwino. M'masitolo apadera, magawo okonzedwa bwino amagulitsidwa, pamene akulimbikitsidwa kuwonjezera mchenga pafupifupi 1: 6 kuti apangidwe bwino. Kulima mbande za tsabola zabwino kunyumba kungathe kuchitidwa m'nthaka yokha, yokonzedwa kuchokera ku zigawo zikuluzikulu zomwe zilipo.

Kukonzekera kwa malo a nyumba kwa mmera tsabola:

1. Ndikofunika kutenga magawo awiri a kompositi yabwino.
2. Tikuwonjezera magawo awiri a peat mu chidebecho.
3. Kuti apange kuwala, onjezani 1 gawo la mchenga woyera wa mtsinje.
4. Timasakaniza nthaka.
5. Sieve gawo lapansi ndi sieve.
6. Kenaka mukhoza kutenthedwa mu ng'anjo kapena muwotchera mu boiler wachiwiri kuti muwachotsere mankhwala kuchokera ku tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndikuchotsani mbewu za namsongole.

Ndiyenera kuika tsabola mozama bwanji pa mbande?

Ngati chidebe chimasankhidwa kuntchito, nthaka imagona tulo 2 cm pansi pamphepete mwake. Mbewu imatha pambuyo pa masentimita awiri, kotero kuti ziphuphu zamtsogolo sizidzitonthozana. Kuzama kwa kubzala tsabola mbewu pa mbande ndi 1.5 cm, kenako nthaka iyenera kukhala yopindikizidwa ndi manja. Kenaka, ikani chidebe pamalo otentha, kusunga kutentha kwa 25-30 ° C. Timayang'anitsitsa nyengo ya chinyezi ndikupanga kupopera mbewu nthawi zonse, osalola kuti iume.

Bzalani tsabola mu mapiritsi a peat a mbande

Kubzala tsabola kumachitika motere:

1. Pa ntchito, muyenera kugula mapiritsi oyenerera ndi masentimita 4 masentimita. Ayenera kuikidwa mu chidebe ndikutsanulira ndi madzi otentha, kuyembekezera kutupa kwa gawo lapansi.
2. Timatsanulira chinyezi chochulukirapo, timapanga mabowo pamwamba pa mapiritsi mpaka masentimita 1.5 ndikuyika mbewu zomwe zatsimikizika.
3. Tsopano perekani zokhazokha ndi dothi, kuphimba tray ndi filimu ndikuyiyika pamalo otentha.
4. Tsabola amamera m'mapiritsi a peat amakula bwino kutentha kwa 25 ° C. Pambuyo pa kuwonekera kwa mphukira zoyamba, chidebecho chiyenera kuikidwa mwamsanga ndi kutentha pang'ono, ndipo polyethylene imachotsedwa.
5. Pambuyo pa mbande 3-4 zikuwoneka pa mbande, ndipo rootlets zimayamba kutuluka pansi, zimasamutsidwa ku makapu osiyana ndi gawo la zakudya. Pamene kuziika zomera sizingathetsedwe ku piritsi, koma ukonde pa izo ndi zofunika kuchotsa, kotero kuti sikungasokoneze chitukuko.

Kukula mbande za tsabola mu cochlea

Muzipinda zing'onozing'ono sizingatheke kupeza malo abwino oika mabokosi ndi makapu ambiri okhala ndi mbande. Pofuna kusunga malo, amateurs amapanga njira zatsopano zopangira zokongola ndi zomera, nthawi zambiri kupeza zotsatira zabwino. Kukula tsabola kunyumba kunyumba mu nkhono ndi njira yatsopano, koma n'zosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito ndipo mwamsanga kumatchuka.

Momwe mungamere tsabola pa mbande mu nkhono:

1. Pogwiritsa ntchito ntchito m'pofunika kukonza chidebe cha pulasitiki chofunikira, gawo la gawo lopangidwa ndi laminate ndi m'lifupi kuchokera mu mpukutu wa pepala la chimbudzi mpaka 1.5 mamita m'litali, mapepala awiri a raba, paketi ya polyethylene, mbewu ndi nthaka.
2. Ife timayika tepi kuchokera ku gawo lapansi pa tebulo.
3. Top ndi woonda wosanjikiza wa wothira nthaka ndi rammed.
4. Kusiya pamphepete mwa tepiyo mpaka 2 masentimita, ikani mbewu yokolola ndi nthawi ya 1-2 masentimita, kuigwedeza mopepuka ndi zala zawo pansi.
5. Pa ntchitoyi timayamba kupotoza cochlea, pang'onopang'ono tikupita patsogolo pa tepiyo.
6. Kupukuta "mpukutu" wamtundu woyenera, timamangiriza ndi gulu losungunuka kuti likonze mawonekedwe.
7. Timayika chophimba pamtambo ndi mbeu kumtunda ndikuphimba zitsulo ndi nthaka, ndikukwera pamwamba.
8. Timasuntha nkhono ku sitayi ya pulasitiki.
9. Dzimitsani nthaka kuchokera pa utsi.
10. Timaphimba nkhono ndi phukusi, kupanga tinthu ting'onoting'ono towonjezera kutentha, kuyimitsa mpukutuwo ndi gulu lofunda.
11. Ndi madzi okwanira, sitimatsanulira madzi osati nthaka, koma mkati mwa poto.
12. Timayika nkhono kukhala kutentha.
13. Pamene mphukira ikuwonekera, phukusilo lichotsedwa.

Ndi tsabola angati omwe ali ndi mbande?

Wakulira pawindo la tsabola, amamera kawirikawiri amawoneka osagwirizana kunyumba. Vutoli limapezeka nthawi zambiri pogwira ntchito ndi zowuma. Yankho la funso lakuti tsabola limakula nthawi yaitali bwanji pa mbande zimatengera mtundu womwe umatuluka ndikukula. Kusagwiritsidwa ntchito pa stimulator ndi mbeu sizinamere kumatha masiku 20-30. Ngati mukufuna kupititsa patsogolo ndondomekoyi ndikupeza mbande kwa masiku 7-15, omwe ndi ofunika kwambiri nthawi yobzala, simunganyalanyaze kutuluka.

Kodi kusamalira mbande za tsabola?

Kusamalira kwa masamba a tsabola ndikumwa madzi okwanira nthawi zonse komanso kumakhala ndi kutentha kwakukulu kwa 26-28 ° C. Pa 30-35 ° C zomera zimatambasula mofulumira, chiopsezo chotenga matenda a fungus chimawonjezeka. Timachotsa filimuyo tikangomenya mphukira. Kuunikira kwapadera kwa tsabola m'miyezi yozizira ndilofunika, tsiku lowala kwambiri lokulitsa chikhalidwe ichi - maola 12-14. Mvula yamtambo, zojambula zowonetsera zojambulazo zimathandiza kuti zinthu zikhale bwino.

Kuthirira tsabola mbande

Onse atsopano amakhudzidwa ndi vuto la momwe angamwetsere mbande za kunyumba ya tsabola nthawi zambiri. Mapangidwe a zouma zouma panthaka padziko lapansi sizowonongeka kusiyana ndi kukhazikitsa madzi ochulukirapo. Caviar kapena madzi okwanira ayenera kuchitidwa nthawi zonse, koma popanda nthaka yolemetsa yopitirira. Madzi ochepa panthawi ya kulima amachititsa " mwendo wakuda " ndi mavuto ena. Amachepetsa chiopsezo cha matenda pogwiritsa ntchito gawo lokhala ndi kuwala komanso makonzedwe a ngalande m'madzi.

Kodi mungasankhe tsabola pa mbande?

Ngati tsabola yakula pamtundu waukulu, ndiye kuti imafunika kuyenda. Izi zimachitika mu gawo la masamba awiri, musanayambe kudula nthaka. Tumizani mbande kuti mulekanitse beakers mu 150-200 ml. Chinthu chachikulu mu nkhaniyi ndi momwe mungatengere mbande za tsabola kunyumba - musamawononge mizu yachisomo ndikunyamula zomera mosamala pamodzi ndi tchire tating'ono. Mizu ya mizu imayikidwa 0,5 cm. Pambuyo posankha, miphika imathiriridwa ndikuyikidwa mumthunzi kwa masiku oyambirira, kenako imabwereranso kuwindo lawindo.

Kodi kudyetsa mbande tsabola?

Pamene mukukula pakhomo kwa miyezi iŵiri, pang'onopang'ono dothi latha, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chilephereke kukula. Pakatha masabata awiri mutatha kusamba supuni ya urea ndi 2.5 ml ya sodium humate mu madzi okwanira 1 litre. Kuberekanso feteleza kumachitika patatha masiku khumi ndi awiri kutuluka kwa tsamba lachisanu. Zimapangidwa ndi urea (0.5 tsp / madzi okwanira 1 litre) ndi potaziyamu monophosphate (1 tsp / lita imodzi ya madzi). Zokonzera zopangidwa ndi feteleza zopangira feteleza mbande za paddy tsopano zimagulidwa mosavuta m'masitolo. Chokongola, Aquadon Micro, Fupi ya Micro Orton kapena kukonzekera kofanana ndi koyenera.