Kulima mbatata ndizodziwika bwino kwa eni eni a nyumba za chilimwe. Pali njira zingapo zolima: malo ena a chilimwe amapanga matelojeni osagwiritsa ntchito pogona, odwala kwambiri amayesetsa kukula mbatata ndi mbewu.
Kukonzekera kwa mbatata kubzala
Mbeu iliyonse idzaphuka mofulumira ndikupereka zokolola zabwino, ngati pang'ono kumuthandiza. Thandizo lochokera ku chilimwe chimakhala ndi kupewa matenda ndi kudzaza ndi zakudya. Kukula mbatata ku dacha kudzafuna khama lalikulu kuti tubers kukula bwino ndipo mbewu ikukondwera ndi kuchuluka kwake. Osati mfundo yotsiriza yomwe idzakhale kumera kwa kubzala.
Kuposa kukonza mbatata musanafike?
Mankhwala a mbatata ya mbatata asanadzalemo ndi cholinga choletsa matenda ndi maonekedwe a tizirombo, kukulitsa kukula ndi kuwonjezera feteleza.
- Kusamba kwa maso ndi chinthu chofunika kwambiri pakukonzekera kwa tubers, ndipo kukula kokondweretsa kumathandiza kuchita izi moyenera. Pakati pa maina osawerengeka m'matumba omwe ali mu sitolo, chidwi chiyenera kulipidwa kwa mankhwalawa "Potitein." Kuwonjezera pa kudyetsa tubers ndi nthaka ndi manganese, "Micon" wothandizira amathandiza, izo amasangalala zosowa zochepa.
- Mwachizoloŵezi, malo a chilimwe amathira mbewu ndi mkuwa wa sulfate, kuchepetsa supuni ya supuni ya ufa mu botolo la lita atatu. Muyenera kumiza mbeuyo mu njirayi, koma musayipese. Mankhwalawa amachitidwa masiku atatu kapena anayi asanafike.
- Zokhutitsani mbewu ndi zakudya zimathandiza "Nitrofoska" ndi "Solvent". Ntchito imayamba nthawi yayitali musanafike: masiku khumi aliwonse, muyenera kukonzekera mbeuyi ndi yankho katatu.
- Kwa kulima mbatata, "Kutchuka" kwakhazikitsidwa palokha monga chotetezera kachilomboka cha Colorado. Zomwe zimakhala zotetezeka kukolola zidzakuthandizira kukonzekera "Kutchuka" ndi "Maxim", omwe adzidziwa bwino nyengo ya chilimwe akugwiritsa ntchito njirayi si chaka choyamba. Kuchokera pa crunches ndi bwino "Mphamvu", imagwira bwino ndi wireworm.
Momwe mungamere mbatata kuti mubzalidwe?
- Kumera mu kuwala. Mbatata imakhala yokhazikika muzitsulo imodzi m'mabokosi apulasitiki kapena pulasitiki, omwe amakhala pamwamba pa wina ndi mnzake. Zonsezi zimayikidwa popanda dzuwa lachindunji, ndikuphimba pamwamba pa mbeu za gauze. Njirayi imatenga pafupi mwezi. Kutentha kutsika pang'onopang'ono kuchoka pa 20 ° C mpaka 12 ° C, kotero kuti tubers ndi ouma.
- Mbatata musanadzale kusunga utuchi kapena peat. Chilichonse chidzachitika mofulumira, pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zochepa. M'mabokosi omwe ali ndi filimu yowonongeka, pamtundu umodzi umodzi wa tubers. Zonsezi zimatsanuliridwa pa gawo lapansi lonyowa, nthawi ndi nthawi zowonjezera. Mu masiku 20 padzakhala mphukira.
- Njira zowonjezera zimapereka zotsatira zowonjezereka ndipo zimalola kukonza zolephera. Pambuyo pa kuyera kumera, tubers imatumizidwa ku gawo lapansi lonyowa kwa sabata.
- Kupopera mbewu ndi njira yothetsera anthu okhala m'nyengo ya chilimwe, omwe sangathe kuchita njira zitatu zoyamba kukonzekera mbewu. Malo opangira mahatchi, okhetsedwa kapena ofanana ndi omwe ali ndi filimu ndi mbewu zobalalika zomwe zakonzedwa kale ndi kukonzekera pansi. Musanadzalemo, ndibwino kuti muzisamalira tubers ndi nitrogen feteleza .
Njira zobzala mbatata
Pali njira zamakono zamakono zowononga mbewu. Anthu ambiri omwe ali m'nyengo ya chilimwe amayamba kulima mbatata zatsopano, zomwe sizikufuna kuchoka ku chikhalidwe cha tuber. Njira zonse zobzala mbatata zimakhala zofunikanso, aliyense ali ndi ubwino wake, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti alimi azikonda. Kuphatikiza pa kalasi yamakono yopangira mbatata akhoza kuikidwa pansi pa filimu kapena udzu.
Kukula mbatata kumatseguka pansi
Kwa zaka zambiri luso la kubzala mbatata silinasinthe, limakhala lofunikira kwa alimi amakono a galimoto:
- Mabedi akukonzekera kuyambira autumn, kutulukira ngalande ya masentimita makumi asanu ndi atatu (45 cm) pa masentimita makumi asanu ndi atatu (45 cm), pambuyo pa zokolola, zotsalira za zomera zimatsanulidwira kunja, zitsamba zakakhitchini pambuyo pa saladi, zonsezi zimakhala ndi masamba osagwa (ndikofunika kuti musamagwirizane ndi zigawozo);
- M'chaka, muzitsulo zokonzedwa, phulusa, kuwonjezera manyowa ndi superphosphates;
- Tizilombo timayikidwa pamtunda wa masentimita 8, owazidwa ndi nthaka;
- pamene pa mabedi zimayambira kukula kufika masentimita 15, zimayamba kugwira ntchito, njirayi imabwerezedwa kangapo;
- kuthirira kwakukulu kumadalira nyengo: mu chilimwe chilimwe nthawi zambiri madzi, nthawi ya mvula kuthirira ndi kuchepetsedwa kwambiri, ndipo mwezi usanakwane kukolola.
Kubzala mbatata pansi pa udzu
Pogona la udzu amachotsa mndandanda wa zofunikira zamtunda, kukumba nthaka (yokwanira kumasula), zimachepetsa madzi okwanira chifukwa cha chinyezi. Komabe, kulima mbatata pansi pa udzu kumakhala malo abwino okhalamo, mwinamwake kuyesa konse kudzakhala kopanda pake. Apo ayi, palibe mavuto:
- kuchepetsa kukonzekera kwa nthaka kumathandiza mabedi ogona ndi makatoni, chifukwa namsongole amatha kulimbana nawo pansi ndikukhala feteleza;
- Kulima mbatata kumayamba kuyambira kumapeto kwa May mpaka kumayambiriro kwa June: zowona zosapitirira masentimita 40 zimapangidwa pansi;
- Onjezani phulusa pang'ono pokhapokha ngati tubers idabzalidwa kuti zisawononge maonekedwe a slugs;
- Nkhumba zokha zokha zokonzedwa ndi dziko lapansi, kenako zimadzazidwa ndi udzu ndi masentimita 45;
- kotero kuti mu youma youma mulibe slugs zosafuna, mzere wa mzere ndi wofiira wa eggshell;
- madzi okha panthawi youma;
- makamaka mutha kukolola, chifukwa mukusowa fosholo ndikukakola mbatata pamwamba, sizingakhale ndi zomangira zapadziko lapansi.
Kulima mbatata pansi pa filimu
Firimuyi yamalonda wamakono agrarian ndiwothandiza kwambiri. Kutchuka kwake kukukula chaka ndi chaka, monga n'zotheka kukula mbatata pansi mwamsanga komanso popanda khama. Njira iyi ndi yabwino kwa mitundu yoyambirira:
- Mitundu ya tubers ikufunafuna zazikulu, zimakhala bwino kulekerera zomwe zili pansi pa filimuyo;
- Timasankha malo odzala kumwera, kumene nthaka imamera mwamsanga pambuyo pa kuzizira;
- mbatata zoyambirira monga zowala zowonongeka ndi zouma zouma zophimba, zabwino kwambiri poyambitsa kusakaniza kwa 30 g wa potaziyamu kloride ndi 1 g zamkuwa sulfate, kuchepetsedwa mu khumi-lita mphamvu;
- kufalikira kwa filimuyi ndi pafupifupi masentimita 120-180, pamene kukula mbatata izi ndi zofanana ndi mitengo itatu yobzala, kukulitsa kubzala ndi masentimita 8;
- Firimuyi imatambasulidwa pa chimango kapena kuikidwa pansi;
- dikirani 20 ° C ndipo mphukira yoyamba kuyambitsa mpweya wabwino tsiku ndi tsiku, kutentha kwake kutangotentha kwambiri ndipo tchire tafika pa masentimita 25, mabowo amapangidwa muzithunzi zochepa mu filimuyo;
- Chovala choyamba chakumwamba pamapeto pa sabata lachitatu mutatha kubzala, tengani urea ndi ammonium sulphate muyezo woyenera;
- Nthawi yachiwiri iwo amapanga potaziyamu nitrate ndi potaziyamu sulphate musanayambe, madzi kapena owuma mawonekedwe akuloledwa;
- m'nyengo yamvula, kuthirira sikukufunika, mlingo wa madzi okwanira ndi 50 malita pa lalikulu.
Njira za kulima mbatata
Anthu ambiri okhala m'nyengo ya chilimwe omwe ali ndi mwayi woyika mabokosi pazenera zawo ndi mbande, akukonzekera bwino nyengoyi ndi kumera mbewu za tomato, nkhaka kapena eggplant. Koma zimakhala zenizeni kukula mbatata ndi njira njira. Inde, ndipo buku lachidule la tuber liri ndi zosankha zambiri zoyambirira. Zomwe zimakhalira kubzala mbatata zimadalira kwambiri kukula kwa chiwembu, zolinga ndi zokolola zomwe mukufuna.
Momwe mungamere mbatata ku mbewu?
Malo oti akuyamikidwe amafunika nthawi zochepa, mbatata sizodwala matenda, sichidziwika kuti ndi zovuta kwambiri, izi ndi njira yabwino yopezera ubwino wokwirira kubzala kudutsa nyengo. Koma ngakhale kulima koyenera kwambiri kwa mbatata sikungakupulumutseni ku mavuto ena, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osiyanasiyana nthawi zonse kuti musunge mphukira zopanda phokoso komanso zopanda phindu:
- Kukonzekera kwa mbeu kumakhala kuumitsa, kukwera mumadzi, kapena kukula kolimbikitsa;
- kumapeto kwa March amayamba kulowa m'mabokosi: chisakanizo cha gawo lapansi ndi magawo anayi a peat chimaphatikizidwa ndi feteleza ndi kusungunuka;
- Mbeuzo zimabzalidwa pa mabedi 5 masentimita khumi ndi awiri ndikukhala ndi mchenga (mchengawo umakhala wochepa pang'ono kuti asasambe panthawi ya kuthirira);
- Kwa madera ambiri ndi bwino kuyendetsa mbatata m'mitengo yobiriwira, mbande zikamera pakuonekera kwa masamba awiri zikupitirira mu miphika ya peat;
- Mapeto a May ndi ofunda kwambiri chifukwa cha kuika pamalo otseguka.
Kubzala mbatata ndi tubers
Ngakhale kuti tuber njira imatengedwa yachikale, ili ndi zingapo zosangalatsa zothetsera. Zizindikiro za kukula mbatata nthawi zonse zimachokera ku zikhalidwe za kukula ndi mwayi wa chilimwe wokhalamo:
- Kuwonjezera pa njira zodziwika kale pansi pa udzu kapena filimu, kubzala m'mphepete kumagwiritsidwa ntchito, pamene tubers sabzalidwa m'malo osungunuka, koma m'mabedi odzaza ndi slide (nthaka imawombera mwamsanga, siyeneranso kutsanulira ndi chinyezi nthawi zonse zimayendera mumzere);
- pamene pali malo ochepera pa tsamba, pangani mbatata m'matumba kapena pamabedi ang'onoang'ono;
- Anthu ena okhala m'nyengo ya chilimwe adatha kuzindikira njira yakukula muzitsamba zamtundu.
Zinsinsi za kukula mbatata
Kuchita bizinesi yoyenera ndi kulingalira nthawi zonse kudzapereka zotsatira. Pamodzi ndi njira zolemekezeka za kubzala ndi kusamalira mbatata, ndi bwino kuyesa njira zoterezi:
- kuthamanga kwakukulu kumapangitsa kuti maso asamveke, komanso apakati ndi otsika, ndipo izi ndi shrub yamphamvu komanso yopindulitsa m'tsogolomu;
- Kudyetsa bwino kumayenda kuchokera kumpoto mpaka kummwera;
- Ngati masabata awiri mutatha maluwa kuti athe tsinde la chitsamba pamtunda wa masentimita 10, zakudya zimabwerera ku mizu ndikugwira ntchito kuti zithandize mbeu;
- Mitengo yoyamba idzapangidwe kuti ikhale ndi mbeu ziwiri: mutatha kukumba, zida zazikulu zokhazokha zimachotsedwa ndipo chitsamba chimabwereranso kumalo ake, atatsanulira chidebe cha madzi m'dzenje usanagwe, chitsamba chidzapereka mbewu yachiwiri.
Nthawi yobzala mbatata
Chodabwitsa kwambiri, koma kubzala kwa mbatata zoyambirira pansi pa kanema kumachitika nthawi zina, kugwa kumapeto kwa March ndi kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa April. Pansi pa chisanu filimu, tubers si zoopsa. Ngati ndizofunika kubzala poyera ndi njira yapamwamba, ndiye kuti kudikira kuti nthaka ikhale yotentha mpaka 8 ° C. Kwa chigawo chilichonse ndi tsiku lawo. Zindikirani kufika kwa nthawi yofunikila kungakhale pazifukwa izi:
- maonekedwe a timapepala pa mtengo wa birch ndi kutsegula kwa mbalame mtengo wa chitumbuwa - chizindikiro choyenerera pa ntchito yoyamba, apa ndikuphatikizanso kutsegula kwa dandelions;
- Ndi bwino kuona maulendo a nyengo pamasabata awiri otsatira m'mabuku angapo.
Feteleza kwa mbatata mukamabzala
Mzu wa chikhalidwe sukula bwino, choncho, tubers ayenera kudyetsedwa mwamsanga pamene ikufika, motero kupereka chiyambi chabwino. Kukula ndi kusamalira mbatata kumakhala kosavuta kwambiri ndi feteleza zotsatirazi zitaponyedwa m'menje:
- Anthu oyambirira kumayambiriro a chilimwe amayamba kukonda ndi kulemekezedwa ndi anthu oyambirira, chifukwa amakhala nyumba yosungiramo potaziyamu, phosphorous ndi manganese.
- Pangani nthaka kuti ikhale yopuma komanso mupange phindu losawerengeka.
- ndibwino komanso nthawi zonse zothetsera vutoli - kuwonjezera pamene mukudzala humus, ndalamazo ndi zofanana.