Ngati mumakonda kwambiri ulimi, ndiye kuti mwachibadwa mumafuna kubwerera bwino, kutanthauza kukolola kolemera. Zoonadi, zonse sizidzachitika, muyenera kuyesetsa kwambiri: kusamalira zomera, kuzidula pakapita nthawi, kuziwathira, kuzidyetsa, kuzikhalira. Pokhapokha mutha kuwona zotsatira zabwino kwambiri. Ndipo kwa mitengo, chisamaliro ndi chofunikira monga momwe ziliri ndi minda ya pachaka.
Spring pamwamba kuvala kwa yamatcheri
Ngakhale nthawi yabwino kwambiri yopanga feteleza osati yamatcheri okha, komanso mitengo ina iliyonse ndi autumn, komabe kufunika kwa kasupe kudya sikungayesedwe. Pamene zinthu zonse zamoyo zimayamba kudzuka, zimasowa zopitilira chitukuko, maluwa othamanga komanso mtsogolo - fruiting. Kotero kusankha kwa feteleza yoyenera ndi kofunikira kwambiri. Makamaka pankhani achinyamata chitumbuwa mbande.
Kodi feteleza amtundu wanji ngati kumapeto kwa nyengo?
Onse wamaluwa amadziwa kuti feteleza onse amagawidwa mu organic ndi mineral. Zamoyo zimakhala ndi zinthu zomwe zimathandiza kuti zomera zizikula mofulumira. Organic feteleza ndi peat, humus, manyowa, manyowa ndi zina zotero. Mitengo yamchere imaphatikizapo mankhwala omwe ali ndi zakudya zofunika kwambiri.
Ndipo choyamba chofunika, zofunika yamatcheri m'chaka, ndi nayitrogeni. Amathandiza kwambiri popanga mitengo yaing'ono. Mavitamini a feteleza ndi urea, calcium ndi ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulphate. Ndikofunikira kwambiri kuwerengera bwino nayitrojeni osati kupitirira apo, ngati simungapeze zotsatira zosiyana: mmalo mwa maluwa m'munda mudzakhala zomera zosasinthika, zochepa.
Amakhalanso ndi mchere wofunikira - phosphoric-potashi. Ndizofunika makamaka patangotha zaka zitatu za yamatcheri anu. Zinthu zimenezi zimalimbikitsa kukula kwa mitengo pokonza zakudya zawo.
Yolondola luso lamakono kudyetsa yamatcheri m'chaka
The sayansi ya kudya yamatcheri m'chaka imadalira, choyamba, pa zaka za mitengo. Choncho, ngati mutangomera mmera, zinthu zambiri zowonjezera zimayikidwa mu dzenje kuti zikhale zokwanira kwa zaka zitatu. Komabe, mutabzala, nayitrojeni siyikidwa, koma popeza ndi yofunika kwambiri, ndiye kuti masika amatha mutabzala, muyenera kufalitsa 120 gramu ya feteleza mchere kuzungulira thunthu ndikusindikiza ndi nthaka yonyowa pokonza 10 cm.
Njira yabwino yowonjezera kukula kwa mtengo wachinyamata - katatu pa May, imere ndi urea. Pa nthawi yomweyo, chiwerengero chake ndi 20-30 magalamu pa 10 malita a madzi. Kuwonjezera kuthirira, muyenera kumasula nthaka.
Kwa chaka chachinayi mutabzala, mizu yayamba kale bwino, choncho feteleza ambiri adzafunika. Choyambirira ndikofunikira kupanga mizere ya mphete pamtunda wa 30 mm m'lifupi pa korona, kuti ukhale nawo 150-200 magalamu a urea ndi kuwonongera nthaka.
Pambuyo pa chaka chachisanu, kuwonjezera pa nayitrogeni feteleza, yamatcheri amafunika superphosphate, phulusa (galasi), potaziyamu mchere ndi humus (chidebe). Pambuyo pa chaka chachisanu ndi chitatu cha moyo, mitengo yonse yapamwamba ya feteleza iyenera kuwonjezeka katatu.
Nthawi yabwino yopanga feteleza
Kuvala koyamba kumapeto kwa kasupe kumapangidwa asanayambe maluwa. Ndipo monga feteleza ntchito nayitrogeni, nitrate ndi urea. Feteleza imapangidwa ndi njira ya mizu, ndiko kuti, zinthuzo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mwachindunji ku nthaka, osati kwa korona yopopera mbewu.
Kuwonjezera yamatcheri pa maluwa imathandizidwanso pansi pazu, kapena m'malo - mu mitengo ikuluikulu. Panthawiyi ndibwino kupanga osati nayitrogeni, komanso organic (nkhuku manyowa kapena fetereza feteleza).
Pambuyo maluwa, chitumbuwa chimadyetsedwa makamaka ndi organic matter - manyowa kapena wapadera mitundu yosakaniza. Foliar pamwamba kuvala yamatcheri pambuyo maluwa ndi nayitrogeni-munali okonzekera wapangidwa m'chilimwe.