Chifukwa chachikulu cha matenda a mtima , zilonda ndi kuvulala kwa mitsempha ya magazi ndi atherosclerosis. Chofunika kwambiri pa chitukuko cha matenda ndi cholesterol (lipophilic mowa), mamolekyumu omwe amakaikidwa pamakoma a mitsempha ndi ma capillaries ngati mawonekedwe ofiira. Mafupa ake ayenera kuchepetsedwa pofuna kupewa ndi kuchiza matenda a atherosclerosis.
Statins - ndi chiyani?
Anthu ambiri omwe akudwala matenda a mtima amadziwa kuti mankhwala omwe amatsitsa mankhwalawa ndi mankhwala othandiza komanso otetezeka omwe amachepetsa mafuta m'thupi. Awa sikutanthauzira kwenikweni. Kuti mumvetse bwino zomwe statins ali nazo, ndikofunikira kudziŵa njira yopangidwira ndi kuyendetsa lipopolisi mowa, cholinga chake ndi ntchito yake.
Cholesterol ikhoza kupangidwa mkati mwa thupi, ndi kulowamo kuchokera kunja, mwachitsanzo, ndi chakudya. Izi zimakhala zofunikira kuti:
- biosynthesis ya corticosteroids ndi mahomoni ogonana;
- chitetezo cha erythrocytes kuchokera ku hemolytic poisons;
- malamulo a cell permeability;
- kupanga mankhwala acidi ndi mavitamini a gulu D;
- kukhazikika kwa membrane ya plasma.
Thupi la munthu limapanga mapuloteni ovuta - lipoproteins. Amagwira ntchito yonyamula makulule a kolesterolini ku chiwindi kupita kumatenda ndi kumbuyo. Statins imaletsa kupanga mavitamini omwe amachititsa kuti lipoproteins ipangidwe. Chifukwa cha ichi, kuchuluka kwa cholesterol kulowa m'matumbo kumachepa, ndipo kuchuluka kwa kayendetsedwe ka kayendedwe kowonjezera kumawonjezeka. Zotsatira zake, chiwerengero cha lipopalic mowa m'thupi chimachepa. Pa nthawi imodzimodziyo, mankhwala omwe akugwiritsidwa ntchito akuthandizira kuti zikhale zowonongeka za zida ndi mafuta omwe alipo kale.
Mitsempha ya kolesterolo ndi yabwino komanso yoipa
Ngakhalenso mankhwala ogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala ochepetsa mankhwalawa amakhala ndi zotsatirapo zoipa, motero amaletsedwa kusankha ndi okhaokha. Ma Statins amalembedwa ngati pali umboni weniweni wa ntchito zawo. Nthaŵi zambiri, vuto la kolesteroloni limachepetsedwa m'njira zina zogwira mtima komanso zotetezeka. Izi zikuphatikizapo kukonza zakudya, kukana zizoloŵezi zoipa, kuwonjezeka kwa masewera olimbitsa thupi komanso kuwonetsetsa ulamuliro wa ntchito ndi kupumula.
Mitsempha ya kolesterolo ndi yabwino
Mankhwala osokoneza bongo akadali njira yokha yopewera ndi kuchiza matenda owopsa a mtima, pamene njira zopanda mankhwala sizinali zokwanira. Mapindu a statins ndi awa:
- kuchepetsa kupweteka kwa mtima;
- kupewa masoka a ischemic , masewera;
- kuchepetsa kupititsa patsogolo ndikuletsa kukula kwa matenda a atherosclerosis;
- normalization ya mtima ntchito motsutsana angina, ischemic matenda;
- chithandizo cha matenda a shuga;
- kulemera kwake ndi kunenepa kwambiri;
- Kufooketsa njira yotupa pamakoma a mtima;
- kukhazikika kwa miyala ya atherosclerotic ;
- Kuchulukitsa magazi, komwe kumachepetsa chiopsezo chokhala ndi magazi;
- chizoloŵezi cha njira zamagetsi m'thupi;
- vasodilation.
Mitsempha ya kolesterolini ndi mankhwala ogwira mtima komanso otetezeka kuti apititse patsogolo kukonzanso.
- kupweteka;
- sitiroko ya ischemic;
- opaleshoni yowonongeka;
- angioplasty;
- myocardial infarction;
- pulmonary embolism.
Kuvulaza maonekedwe
Chinthu chofunika kwambiri chogwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa ndi chiopsezo cha zotsatirapo. Mofananamo ndi kuchepa kwa kupanga lipoproteins, mankhwala a statin amachepetsa kupanga coenzymes Q10. Mankhwalawa amapereka mphamvu kwa thupi ndi ubongo. Chifukwa cha kusowa kwa coenzymes, mavuto awa akupezeka:
- kutopa;
- kufooka ndi kupweteka mu minofu;
- kusinthasintha ndi kupweteka kwamtundu wa magazi;
- kupweteka mtima kwa mtima;
- kuwonongeka kwa minofu (rhabdomyolysis).
Palinso zovuta zina zomwe zimapwetekedwa ndi zilembo zamtunduwu zikuphatikizapo:
- zovuta za kugona;
- kuwonongeka kwa kumva ndi kupweteka kwa kukoma mtima;
- kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa platelet mu magazi;
- kupweteka;
- magazi ambiri;
- kupweteka mu dera la epigastric;
- kuwonjezeka kwafupipafupi;
- zovuta;
- thukuta;
- kuphwanya potency;
- zosokoneza;
- chizungulire;
- chisokonezo;
- chifuwa chouma;
- phokoso edema;
- Kuwonjezeka kwa khungu kumaso kwa ultraviolet;
- chisangalalo;
- Kufiira ndi kuyabwa kwa epidermis;
- kukondwa;
- kusanza;
- kuchuluka kwafupipafupi kwa kubwereranso kwa mphumu yowonongeka;
- zovuta;
- kusokonezeka kwa ubongo;
- chisokonezo;
- mliri;
- kupweteka;
- phokoso;
- kuchulukitsa kwa nyamakazi ndi arthrosis;
- chisokonezo;
- kukwiya;
- zilonda zamatenda osagwidwa;
- anorexia;
- kusanza;
- Kujambula ndi kupukuta pamwamba pa khungu;
- chiwindi;
- Kusintha kwa shuga m'magazi;
- kugonjetsedwa ndi kutupa kwa impso.
Ngakhale ma statins otetezeka amakhala ndi zotsatira zoipa zambiri, koma zimachitika kawirikawiri makamaka mwa anthu omwe satsatira malamulo ogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala. Kuchiza ndi mankhwala ochepetsa mankhwalawa kumaphatikizapo kukana mowa, kusuta, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi nthawi zonse komanso zakudya zabwino. Ngati mumatsatira malamulo awa, zotsatira zake zimapewa mosavuta.
Mibadwo ya statins
Chinthu choyamba chotsitsa mankhwalawa chinali chokhachokha kuzinthu zachilengedwe. Malingana ndi mankhwalawa, mankhwala a lovastatin gulu anapangidwa. Mitundu yotsalira ndi mibadwo yatsopano ya mankhwala imapangidwira kuchokera ku zipangizo zopangira. Ndi kulakwitsa kukhulupirira kuti zilembo zachilengedwe kuchokera ku cholesterol ndizo zothandiza komanso zotetezeka. Mankhwala osakaniza amakhala ochepa kwambiri ndipo amalekerera. Kuphatikiza pa lovastatin, mbadwo woyamba wa mawotchulidwa omwewa ndiwo simvastatin ndi pravastatin.
Ngakhale mapepala oyambirira-kuchepetsa mankhwala osokoneza bongo amachititsa kuti zikhale zovuta. Zolemba zabwino kwambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popewera matenda, atherosclerosis, matenda a myocardial infarction, makamaka ngati pali zofunikira zowonongeka kwa zolemba zolembedwa. Zizindikiro za kutenga mankhwala oyambirira:
- chiwonongeko;
- Kulephera kudya zakudya zovuta ndi zolemera;
- primary hypercholesterolemia.
Mbadwo wachiwiri wa mankhwala owonedwa ngati akuyimiridwa ndi fluvastatin. Izi ndi mankhwala othandiza komanso otetezeka omwe angapangidwe ngakhale kwa ana a zaka 10. Zili ndi mchere wa sodium, choncho cholesterol mumagazi imachepa msanga. Zizindikiro zogwiritsira ntchito fluvastatin:
- Dyslipidemia ya mitundu yosiyanasiyana;
- matenda a mtima ischemic (kuteteza mavuto);
- chiwonongeko;
- chithandizo;
- Kupewa zotsatira zolakwika za mtima ndi opaleshoni yambiri.
Mbadwo wachitatu wa mankhwala ochepetsa kumwa mankhwalawa ndi atorvastatin. Chinthu chodziwika bwino cha mankhwalawa ndi chithunzithunzi cha kusintha kwa machitidwe a mtima wonse. Zimakhulupirira kuti statins kuchokera ku mafuta a kolesterolo ndi mapiritsi ofulumira kwambiri, othandiza kwambiri komanso otetezeka kuti athe kupewa matenda a shuga komanso matenda a mtima, kuphatikizapo matenda aakulu a ischemic. Zisonyezo za cholinga chawo:
- cholengedwa chobadwa ndi matenda a mtima wamagetsi;
- kuphatikizapo malungo;
- kuyeza hypercholesterolemia;
- kupita patsogolo kwa atherosclerosis.
Miyambo ya mbadwo watsopano ikuphatikizapo Pitavastatin ndi rosuvastatin. Mankhwalawa ndizochitika zatsopano m'munda wa pharmacology, ali ndi ubwino wambiri pa omwe amatsogola:
- zofulumira kwambiri (zotsatira zimapezeka kuchokera sabata yoyamba ya kuvomereza);
- mlingo wokwanira wochizira;
- chotsatira;
- chiwopsezo chachikulu cha zotsatira;
- kuthekera kwa kugwiritsidwa ntchito panthaŵi imodzimodzi ndi mawonekedwe a mtima;
- palibe zotsatira pa shuga yamagetsi.
Maonekedwe atsopano ochokera m'thupi la kolesterolini ndi mankhwala othandiza komanso otetezeka omwe akulimbikitsidwa pazifukwa zotsatirazi:
- hypercholesterolemia panthawi iliyonse;
- zowonjezereka, zovuta zokhudzana ndi matenda a atherosclerosis;
- chithandizo;
- shuga ;
- dyslipidemia;
- chibadwa choyambitsa matenda odwala matenda;
- kukonzanso pambuyo pa matenda a mtima, kupwetekedwa mtima, opaleshoni ya mtima.
Mndandanda wa mankhwala otchedwa Statin
Mankhwala omwe ali pamwambawa ali ndi mayina osiyanasiyana a malonda. Dzisankhira mosamala mankhwala omwe amachepetsa cholesterol m'magazi, simungathe. Zinthu zosayenera, mankhwala osayenerera, kuphatikizapo magulu ena a mankhwala osokoneza bongo angapangitse zochitika zoopsa kwambiri ndi kusintha kosasinthika kwa chiwindi, ntchito zamagetsi. Dokotala yekha woyenera ayenera kulangiza kuti ndi mankhwala ati omwe amachepetsa cholesterol m'magazi bwinobwino. Mbadwo wofunikira wa statins umasankhidwa ndi katswiri.
Simvastatin analogues
Zinthu izi zimagulitsidwa ngati mapiritsi a dzina lomwelo. Monga chogwiritsidwa ntchito, simvastatin ili ndi mankhwala awa:
- Simvastol;
- Zovatin;
- Simgal;
- Zocor;
- Simvagexal;
- Choposa;
- Simvard;
- Chosangalatsa;
- Simvakor;
- Ovenkor;
- Simlo;
- Vazilip;
- Sincard ndi ena.
Pravastatin analogues
Ichi ndi chiyanjano chabwino komanso chotetezeka cha mbadwo woyamba wa mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Zowonjezera zowonjezera zili ndi mankhwala otere omwe amachepetsa cholesterol m'magazi (statins):
- Ufulu;
- Mchitidwe;
- Pravastatin.
Lovastatin analogues
Choyamba kumwa mankhwala ozunguza bongo, kutali ndi penicillin bowa, si njira yabwino koposa, koma imodzi mwa njira zotetezeka kwambiri. Mankhwala omwe amachepetsa cholesterol, chochokera ku lovastatin:
- Chokwanira;
- Lolacor;
- Cardiostatin;
- Lovasterol;
- Mulungu;
- Chodabwitsa;
- Apexstatin;
- Lovahexal;
- Medostatin;
- Rovacor;
- Liprox ndi ena.
Fluvastatin analogues
Mavitamini ochokera ku mbadwo wachiwiri wa cholesterol amaimiridwa ndi chinthu chimodzi chokha. Pa maziko ake mapiritsi okha amapangidwa - Leskol. Zimagulitsidwa m'zinenero zitatu ndi mlingo womwewo (80 mg):
- Zakale (Leskol);
- Mpanda;
- XL.
Atorvastatin - analogues
Chophimba cha mankhwalawa ndi cha m'badwo wachitatu wa mankhwala. Kukonzekera kwa statin pamaziko ake:
- Lipiti;
- Anistat;
- Liprimar;
- Atorvastatin;
- Tulip;
- Atomax;
- Kanema;
- Torvacard;
- Atorvox;
- Chiwonongeko;
- Atoris ndi ena.
Rosuvastatin analogues
Zolemba za kuchepetsa kolesterolini kuchokera m'badwo wachinayi ndi njira zothandiza kwambiri komanso zotetezeka ndichitali chokhalitsa. Rosuvastatin, kuphatikizapo mapiritsi a dzina lomwelo, ili mu mankhwala otsatirawa:
- Mulungu;
- Rosulip;
- Mtanda;
- Rosewood;
- Akorta;
- Rosart;
- Chidziwitso;
- Roxer.
Pitavastatin analogues
Mankhwala ochepetsa mankhwalawa a m'badwo wachinayi adadzazidwa ndi mankhwalawa muzaka zingapo zapitazo. Mavitamini awa kuchokera ku cholesterol ndiwo othandiza komanso otetezeka pakati pa mankhwala onse ofanana. Zili ndi zotsatira zofulumira komanso zotalika kwambiri popanda ngozi iliyonse. Potsatira maziko a Pitavastatin, njira imodzi yokha idakalipo - Livazo.
Statins ya mbadwo watsopano omwe ali ndi zotsatira zochepa
Madokotala omwe amadziwa bwino amangofuna kuti adziŵe mankhwala osokoneza bongo omwe ali ndi mankhwala osakaniza komanso nthawi yaitali. Malamulo ogwira ntchito kwambiri kuchokera ku kolesterolini ndi rosuvastatin ndi Pitavastatin:
- Mtanda;
- Mulungu;
- Roxer;
- Valarox;
- Rosáv;
- Akorta;
- Rosewood;
- Livazo.