Kuikidwa magazi ndi jekeseni ya m'magazi ya zinthu zonse kapena zigawo zina. Opaleshoniyo imakhala yovuta, chifukwa pali kuyika kwa minofu yamoyo. Njira imeneyi imatchedwa kuikidwa magazi. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito mwakhama pa opaleshoni, matenda, matenda, ana ndi madokotala ena. Ndi njirayi, voti yoyenera ya magazi imabwezeretsedwa, pamodzi ndi mapuloteni, ma antibodies, erythrocytes ndi zigawo zina zimawoneka m'thupi.
Nchifukwa chiyani amasintha magazi?
Kuika magazi ambiri kumachitika chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa magazi. Maonekedwe akuluakulu ndi pamene wodwalayo ataya magawo opitirira atatu pa voliyumu yonse mu maola angapo. Kuonjezera apo, njirayi imasonyezedwa kwa nthawi yayitali, kutaya magazi kosasinthasintha komanso ntchito zovuta.
Njirayi ikhoza kuperekedwa mosalekeza. Kawirikawiri izi zimapezeka ndi matenda a kuchepa kwa magazi, matenda a hematological, mavuto a purulent-septic ndi oopsa kwambiri toxicosis.
Kuwongolera magazi ndi zigawo zake
Hemotransfusion ikugwiritsidwanso ngati njira imodzi yoopsa kwambiri. Zingasokoneze kwambiri ntchito yofunikira. Choncho, akatswiri ayenera kutenga mayesero onse asanayambe kupeza zotsatira ndi zotsatira zake. Zina mwa izo ndi:
- mtima;
- myocarditis ;
- chodabwitsa;
- chowopsa;
- mavuto ndi kutuluka magazi kwa ubongo;
- zovuta zosiyanasiyana.
Kuphatikiza apo, amayi omwe ali pangozi ndiwo omwe anali ndi vuto lobadwa ndi anthu omwe ali ndi matenda opatsirana ndi matenda osiyanasiyana.
Kawirikawiri, madokotala amachititsa njirayi ngakhale podalirika, mwina ngati munthu sangathe kukhala ndi moyo. Pa nthawi imodzimodziyo, chithandizo choonjezera chimaperekedwa, chomwe chimalepheretsa kukhumudwa. Pa ntchito, wodwala mwiniwakeyo amagwiritsidwa ntchito pasadakhale.
Zotsatira za kuikidwa magazi
Pochepetsa kuchepetsa zotsatira za zotsatirazi, madokotala amapereka mayesero ambiri. Ngakhale izi, ndondomekoyi ikhoza kuyambitsa mavuto ena. Kaŵirikaŵiri izi zimasonyezedwa ndi kuwonjezeka pang'ono kwa kutentha, kuzizira ndi malaise. Ngakhale kuikidwa magazi sikukuchitidwa opaleshoni yopweteka, zosangalatsa zosasangalatsa zingaonekere. Pali mitundu itatu ya mavuto:
- mapapo;
- chiwerengero;
- zolemetsa.
Zomwe zimachitika nthawi zambiri zimapita mofulumira ndipo sizikhala ndi zotsatira pa ntchito ya ziwalo zofunika.
Njira yowonjezera magazi
Mfundo yapadera yakhazikitsidwa, malinga ndi kuika magazi komwe kumachitika:
1. Zisonyezo ndi kutsutsana zimatsimikiziridwa.
2. Gulu limodzi ndi chinthu cha Rhesus cha munthu chimapezeka. Kawirikawiri izi zimachitika kawiri pazosiyana. Zotsatira ziyenera kukhala zofanana.
3. Sankhani mfundo zoyenera ndikuwonetsetsani zoyenera:
- pasipoti yoyamula;
- nthawi yomwe mungathe kugwiritsira ntchito ndipitirira masiku 35;
- zolimba za phukusi kapena botolo;
- maonekedwe oyenera a magazi.
4. Gulu lopereka ndalama liwongosoledwanso pogwiritsa ntchito njira ya AB0.
5. Kuyezetsa kumachitika kuti munthu azigwirizana mofanana ndi njira yomweyi ndi Rh .
6. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Pachifukwachi, 20 ml ya zinthu zopereka amaperekedwa kwa wodwala katatu pa masekondi 180. Ngati mkhalidwe wa wodwalawo uli wokhoza - kupuma ndi kutentha sikukuwonjezeka,
7. Kutulutsidwa nthawi kumadalira mmene wodwalayo akumvera. Kawirikawiri, amapangidwa pa liwiro la madontho 40-60 pamphindi. Pa nthawiyi, katswiri ayenera kuyang'anitsitsa nthawi zonse kutentha kwa thupi, kuthamanga ndi kupanikizika, nthawi zonse pozindikira zizindikirozo.
8. Pambuyo pa ndondomekoyi, dokotala ayenera kudzaza zolemba zonse zofunika.
9 Wodwala amene walandira magazi ndithudi amawoneka ndi dokotala, osachepera tsiku.