Kukula woyera kabichi - zothandiza malangizo kwa wamaluwa

Pakati pa ndiwo zamasamba za banja la Cruciferae pafupifupi mitundu yonse ndizo zabwino. Kukula kabichi woyera kumatchuka kwambiri kuposa mitundu ina - rapesed, radish kapena kufesa radish. Akulu misa kabichi, kukana chisanu ndi zosiyanasiyana mtundu wosakanizidwa amaonedwa ubwino wa masamba.

Kubzala nyemba kabichi

Popeza kabichi ndi biennial, chaka choyamba chimapanga masamba oviira okhaokha, pafupi kwambiri. Kudziwa momwe mungayamire kabichi woyera kuti mukhale ndi zokolola zambiri sikokwanira: ndikofunika kulingalira zosiyana siyana, ndondomeko yobzala, zomwe zimapanga feteleza ndi zina. Kukonzekera kubzala kumaphatikizapo:

1. Kuchotsa namsongole. Kabichi imayamba kuvutika ndi matenda ngati mabedi pansi pake sali namsongole bwino ndi kuchotsedwa namsongole. Pafupi ndi iwo, makina a cabbages samawoneka.
2. Kukhazikitsa nthaka yabwino yachonde. Mbali yaikulu ya bedi iyenera kuphimbidwa ndi loam: kulima kabichi woyera kumafuna zamtundu wambiri wa humus ndi ma level of low acid kapena ngakhale popanda iwo.
3. Kusinthanitsa kwa sitepe. Pambuyo pokolola masamba oyamba, nthaka imasulidwa ndipo chochepa cha zida zimagwiritsidwa ntchito - choko kapena ufa wa dolomite.

Kodi kubzala woyera kabichi mbande?

Ambiri mwa alimi amakonda mbande kubzala mbewu. Chofunika kwambiri ndi mwayi wokolola chaka choyamba, kupatula kuti mbewu za mitundu yoyamba yakucha zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kubzala nyemba kabichi m'nthaka zimapangitsa kuchepetsa nthawi ya kukhalapo kwa masamba pamtunda, pamene kuchepetsa kuopsa kwa maonekedwe a zowola ndi matenda ena. Lili ndi magawo angapo:

1. Kubzala mu peat kapena mapulasitiki apulasitiki. Mukasunthira pansi, mizu imawonongeka mosavuta, choncho ikhoza kutetezedwa poteteza kuphulika kwake. Chomera cha pulasitiki chingathe kudulidwa ndi kuikidwa ndi dothi ladothi m'kati mwa bedi.
2. Kukonzekera kwa zitsime. M'munda akukuta mabowo akuya osachepera 10 masentimita. Mmodzi mwa iwo amaika pang'ono humus.
3. Kutsika kwa mbande. Pofuna kubzala kabichi m'nthaka, dothi sayenera kuwerengedwera: dothi la pamwamba ndi lopanda nthaka, ngati likufunidwa, ndikulitsitsa ndi utuchi kapena singano.

Momwe mungabzalidwe nyemba za kabichi?

Bezrassadnaya kubzala amapereka masamba chikhalidwe chofunika phindu: mizu ikupangidwa popanda "nkhawa" mwa mawonekedwe a kumuika, kotero zawonjezeka chitetezo chokwanira ku chimfine ndi matenda. Kukula kwa gawo la mlengalenga kumayimitsidwa chifukwa cha kuzizira kwa masiku 10-15. Kulima nyemba za kabichi kukulimbikitsidwa pa ndondomeko iyi:

1. Kutsekula m'mimba kwa mbewu. Musanadzalemo, mbewu imathiridwa maola 2-3 mufooka ya potaziyamu permanganate kuonetsetsa kuti zowola ndi "mdima wakuda".
2. Mbewu yofesa. Iwo amamizidwa mu nthaka yonyowa pokonza 2-3 masentimita kwa 3-4 mbewu pa chisa, mphukira zoyamba zomwe zimawonekera pa 7-9 tsiku litatha kufesa.
3. Kutsegula pambuyo pa maonekedwe a tsamba loyamba la cotyledonous. Ngati mbali ina ya chomera imawoneka yofooka kapena yowonongeka, imang'ambika pa bedi.

Kodi kutalika kabichi woyera?

Kusunga mtunda wina pakati pa zomera ndikofunika kuti mizu yawo isagwirizanane, ndipo masambawo alibe matenda omwe ali pamutu wapafupi. Mtunda wa pakati pa mizere, womwe umawona pobzala nyemba kabichi, umadalira mitundu ndi kukula kwa mutu:

• kulemera kwa mphanda kabichi kuyambira 1 mpaka 2.5 makilogalamu - 30 cm;
• kulemera kwapakati kufika 4 kg - 40 cm;
• foloko yolemera kuchokera 4 kg ndi pamwamba - 50 cm.

Malo a kubzala woyera kabichi

Oyenera kubzala nthaka yolima, wolemera mu peat kapena nayitrogeni. Dothi lokhala ndi madzi ndi madzi amatha kuwononga masambawa ndi bacteriosis. Kubzala kabichi woyera m'nthaka ndi koyenera kuti otsogolera oyambirira - mbatata, nkhaka ndi nyemba. Mndandanda wa malamulo ena osankhidwa pa tsamba umaphatikizapo:

• Mvula yowonongeka m'nthaka kuti athe kuyendetsa mpweya;
• maulendo ofunikira - popanda dzuwa lotseguka ndi mthunzi wamphamvu;
• "Kumbuyo" kuchokera ku zomera zazikulu pamabedi oyandikana nawo;
• malo kutali ndi mitengo ya zipatso.

Maganizo obzala nyemba kabichi

Nthaŵi yobzala mbande kapena mbeu pamalo otseguka kapena wowonjezera kutentha zimadalira dera komanso nyengo yake. Kabichi si ya "mbewu zoyamba kubzala", zomwe zimasamutsidwa ku malo osatha a kukula pambuyo pa kutentha koyamba. Kubzala ndi kusamalira kabichi woyera kungasinthidwe chifukwa cha nyengo, komabe ndibwino kuti muyambe kutsata pamene mukudzala mbande pa nthawi zotsatirazi:

• m'madera akumwera - mu 10-15th March;
• msewu wapakati uli pa March 25-30;
• zigawo ndi nyengo yovuta - May 1-15.

Kukula kabichi yoyera pamalo otseguka

Pambuyo pa kusamutsira pansi muyenera kudutsa masiku osachepera makumi asanu ndi awiri (20), kotero kuti nkutheka kuti mumvetsetse mbeu yomwe inapangitsa mphukira yabwino, ndipo i-idzakhala yonda. Powonongeka mwadzidzidzi, mphukira ikhoza kuphimbidwa ndi pulasitiki kwa masabata awiri. Monga zinsinsi zazikulu za kukula kabichi woyera zimaganiziridwa:

1. Kusankha panthawi yake . Ngati zomera siziyenda bwino pa bedi, amachotsa masamba ena odwala kapena gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu.
2. Kutsegula mvula itatha. Dothi limasulidwa kuti limasulidwe mpaka masentimita 3-5.
3. Kuletsedwa mu kukula. Mitengo ya kunja yomwe imatuluka kunja kwa masamba imadulidwa kuti iwonjezere kuchuluka kwa mbewu.

Zapadera za kukula kabichi woyera - kuthirira

Pambuyo posamutsira kunthaka, mbande imamwe madzi ambiri tsiku lotsatira, kutsogolera mtsinje wa madzi pansi pazu. Kukula kwa kabichi woyera m'tsogolomu kumafuna kukonza madziwa:

• Masabata 1-2 pambuyo pa kutsika - masiku awiri ndi awiri;
• Masabata 3-4 - 1 nthawi mu masiku asanu;
• kuchokera miyezi iwiri - kamodzi pa sabata.

Kukula kabichi woyera - kuvala pamwamba

Kugwiritsa ntchito organic otetezeka feteleza amalola kuti kuwonjezera zokolola ndi kufulumizitsa njira yakucha masamba. Mbewu yabwino yobiriwira ikhoza kuperekedwa ngati mutayamba kudyetsa kabichi kwa masiku 20 mutabzala. Pa nthawi yonse ya kukula kwake, zidzakhala zofunikira kupanga 3-5 zowonjezera nthaka ndi feteleza zowonjezeredwa ku madzi otentha kwa ulimi wothirira. Manyowa abwino odzala kabichi woyera akuphatikizidwa mundandanda uwu:

• mullein ;
• mphothosphate ;
• nitrofosca ;
• potassium sulphate;
• zitowe za nkhuku.

Samalani kabichi woyera panja

Kuwonjezera pa nthawi yothirira ulimi ndi feteleza, kabichi amafunika ndikusamalira. Nthawi imodzi pamwezi, nthaka yowonjezera imapindula ndi nthaka yakuya kapena gawo lapansi ndi phulusa. Sikokwanira kumvetsetsa momwe mungasamalire woyera kabichi - ndikofunikira kuyang'anitsitsa nthawi yake, kuyang'ana masamba ndi muzu wa chomera. Ngati ndi kofunikira kuti athetse chithandizocho, kukonzekera kosankhidwa kumasakanizidwa ndi madzi ndi kuwaza masamba a zomera.

Matenda a kabichi

Zamasamba zimathandiza kwambiri pakukonzekera mankhwala, koma sizowonjezeka kuti azichiza ndi mankhwala owopsa. Izi zimaphatikizapo ndondomeko yothetsera matenda ena, kotero kuunika kwa nthawi yake kumabwera patsogolo poletsa chitukuko cha matenda m'mabedi. Kukula ndi kusamalira kabichi woyera kungathe kusokoneza munda ndi imodzi mwa matendawa:

1. Makuluwa a kabichi. Kupweteka kwa bowa kumakhudza masamba kapena zomera zazing'ono m'mabotolo. Mwinamwake iwo akhoza ngakhale kubzala mbande. Pazu ndi masamba a bowa amaoneka ngati akukula.
2. Powdery mildew. Amatchedwanso peronosporosis - bowawu limakhudza mitundu yonse ya kabichi ndi malaya oyera ndi madontho a chikasu.
3. Fusarium. Kabichi yoyera ikukula nthawi zambiri imayambanso bowawu, yomwe imawonekera kokha pamene kudula tsamba. Mnofu wa chomerawo uli ndi mitsempha ya bulauni.
4. Vuto la Mose. Ndi chida chodetsa komanso tizilombo toyambitsa tizilombo, amalowa m'matumbo a masamba a kabichi ndipo amachititsa kusintha kosasinthika. Pa izo zimawoneka mawanga osakanikirana, chifukwa masamba omwe amafota ndi kufa.
5. Msolo wakuda. Ndi kubzala kolimba, kuthirira mopitirira muyeso kapena kusakwanira kuwala, muzu wa chiberekero umakhala wakuda ndi wochepa mu zomera. Mbeu zazing'ono zimafooka ndikugwa.
6. Vuto loyera. Matendawa ndi ofanana ndi nkhungu. Amaphimba masamba a kabichi ndi mabala oyera a mucous ndi kuvala "fluffy".

Kabichi tizirombo

Kuphatikiza pa matenda opatsirana komanso opatsirana, pali matenda omwe amabwera ndi tizirombo . Amakhala ndi zizindikiro zofanana: Mzu wa ndiwo zamasamba zikuwuma, masamba amawonetsa chikhomo ndi ma desiccation. Kulamulira tizirombo wa kabichi kungapangidwe onse owerengeka mankhwala, ndi akatswiri okonzekera otchedwa tizilombo . Pamabedi ndi chomerachi, nthawi zambiri pamakhala majeremusi monga:

1. Spring kabichi ntchentche. Nyongolotsi yoyamba ikukhudza mizu ya chomera, ndiye imayamba kudya mizu mbewu.
2. Kabichi. Tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa timayambitsa kabichi, chifukwa mbozi zagulugufe zimadya masamba owometsera.
3. Kabichi nsabwe za m'masamba. Kachilombo ka tizilombo kamene kamayamwa kameneka kamakhazikika ndi mapesi pa phesi la kabichi, kupeza chinyezi ndi zakudya kuchokera kwa iwo.
4. Cruciferae utitiri. Kuwononga kukula kwake, tizilombo timadutsa pamabowo pamasamba.