Legionellosis (matenda a Legionnaires, Pittsburgh chibayo, chiwindi cha Pontiac) ndi matenda oopsa opatsirana chifukwa cha mabungwe a Legionella. Matendawa nthawi zambiri amatsagana ndi malungo, kuledzeretsa kwa thupi, kuwonongeka kwa dongosolo lamanjenje, m'mapapo, m'magazi. Legionella ingayambitse ndi zilonda zosiyanasiyana za kupuma - kuchokera ku chifuwa chofewa mpaka ku chibayo chachikulu.
Zotsatira za matenda
Legionella ndi microorganism yomwe imapezeka kwambiri m'chilengedwe. Kawirikawiri legionella imapezeka m'mitengo yatsopano yamadzi ndipo imafalikira pa kutentha kwa madigiri 20 mpaka 45. Kutengera kwa munthu kumachitika ndi aerosol, mwa kuchepa kwa madontho ang'onoang'ono a madzi omwe ali ndi mabakiteriya a legionella, koma mwachindunji kuchokera kwa munthu mmodzi kupita kwina, matendawa safalitsidwa.
Kuwonjezera pa gwero la madzi (zitsime), mu dziko lamakono pali niche yokhazikika, yomwe imakhala ndi nyengo yabwino ya microorganism. Iyi ndiyo njira yamadzi yomwe imatha kutulutsa mabakiteriya, ma air conditioning ndi ma-humidification systems, yotsekedwa mu chizunguliro chimodzi, madzi osambira, mphepo yamkuntho, ndi zina zotero.
Kwenikweni, dzina la matendawa - legionellosis kapena "Legionnaires matenda" - amachokera ku mliri woyamba wolembedwa, umene unachitika mu 1976 ku msonkhano wa "American Legion." Gwero la kachilomboka linali mawonekedwe a mpweya ku hotelo, kumene msonkhano unachitikira.
Kunyumba zowonongeka kwapanyumba, chinyezi sichikhala ndi nthawi yokwanira yosonkhanitsa kuti chikhale chitsimikizo cha kuipitsidwa, kotero kuopseza kuli kochepa kumbali iyi. Zowopsa zingayimiridwe ndi anthu osokoneza bongo, ngati sasintha madzi nthawi zonse.
Legionella - zizindikiro
Nthawi yowonjezera matendayo, malingana ndi maonekedwewo, amachokera maola angapo mpaka masiku khumi, pakapita masiku awiri kapena awiri. Chizindikiro cha matendawa ndi Legionella matenda si chosiyana ndi zizindikiro za chibayo chachikulu chochitidwa ndi zina. M'madera ambiri a matendawa poyamba anati:
- kufooka kwakukulu;
- minofu yopweteka;
- zofooka za boma.
Kenaka kuwonjezeka kwa kutentha kumayamba, mpaka madigiri 40, omwe ndi ofooka kapena osagonjetsedwa ndi antipyretics, chills, mutu umatha. Poyamba pali chifuwa chofooka, chomwe chimakula mofulumira, kenako chimakhala chonyowa, mwinamwake chitukuko cha hemoptysis. Zowonjezereka ndi zizindikiro zina, monga:
- zowawa;
- chisokonezo;
- kutsekula m'mimba;
- ululu pamimba.
Mavuto akuluakulu a matendawa ndi okhudzana ndi kupuma kwa thupi, komwe kumachitika pafupifupi 25 peresenti ya odwala omwe amafunika kuchipatala.
Legionella - matenda ndi matenda
Kuzindikira legionellosis, monga chivundi china choopsa, sikumphweka. Kufufuza kumeneku kumaphatikizapo kuzindikira kuti bacteriyo a legionella ndi ovuta kwambiri, otalika komanso opangidwa okha m'ma laboratori apadera. Zogwiritsira ntchito nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsa ntchito njira za serological
Ngakhale kuti matendawa ndi ovuta, matendawa akhoza kuchiritsidwa ndi mankhwala opha tizilombo . Legionella imakhudzidwa ndi erythromycin, levomycetin, ampicillin, sakhala ndi vuto la tetracycline ndipo sichisamala penicillin. Kupititsa patsogolo zotsatira za mankhwala akuluakulu a mankhwala nthawi zambiri kuphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito rifampicin.
Chithandizo cha legionellosis chimachitika pokhapokha ngati chilipo, podziwa kuopsa kwake kwa matendawa komanso zovuta. Wodwala wosayembekezereka kuchipatala angayambitse zotsatira zake.