Matenda a m'maganizo m'masiku amasiku ano ndi achilendo ndipo chizoloŵezi n'choti pali syndromes atsopano zomwe sizinaphunzire ndi sayansi. Kusokoneza maganizo , makhalidwe osayenera, kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe - zonsezi zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a moyo ndizo chabe pamphepete mwa madzi.
Kodi matenda a m'maganizo ndi chiyani?
Matenda a m'maganizo kuyambira nthawi zakale amatchedwa matenda a moyo. Matendawa amatsutsana kwambiri ndi thanzi labwino komanso ntchito yake. Njira ya chisokonezo ikhoza kukhala yophweka, ndiye munthu akhoza kukhalapo pakati pa anthu, pa milandu yoopsa - munthuyo "watsuka". Matenda a maganizo opweteka kwambiri (schizophrenia, khunyu, uchidakwa mu sitepe ya matenda obisala) amachititsa psychosis, pamene wodwalayo akhoza kudzivulaza yekha ndi ena.
Mitundu ya matenda a maganizo
Mndandanda wa matenda a maganizo umaperekedwa mwa mawonekedwe a magulu akulu awiri:
- Matenda osokonezeka m'maganizo - amayamba chifukwa cha zovuta za thupi, nthawi zambiri mafupa ( schizophrenia , matenda a bipolar, matenda a Parkinson, senile dementia, matenda okhudzana ndi zaka).
- Matenda osokonezeka maganizo (chikoka cha zinthu zakunja - matenda opweteka kwambiri, matenda oopsa) - maganizo othandizira, maganizo, zipsyinjo za khalidwe.
Zifukwa za matenda a m'maganizo
Matenda a maganizo ambiri akhala akuwerengedwa ndi akatswiri, koma nthawi zina zimakhala zovuta kudziwa chomwe chimayambitsa izi kapena kupotoka, koma kawirikawiri pali zinthu zambiri zachilengedwe kapena zoopsa za chitukukochi:
- chilengedwe;
- umoyo;
- kusatenga mimba;
- chisokonezo;
- kugwiriridwa kwa ana muubwana;
- mpweya;
- Kuvulala kwakukulu.
Kodi matenda a m'maganizo amachotsedwa?
Matenda ambiri a m'maganizo amachotsedwa, zimakhalapo nthawi zonse, makamaka ngati makolo onse ali ndi matenda a m'maganizo m'banja, kapena okwatiranawo sakhala bwino. Matenda aumphawi:
- schizophrenia;
- matenda osokoneza bongo;
- kupweteka;
- khunyu;
- Matenda a Alzheimer;
- schizotypic matenda.
Zizindikiro za matenda a maganizo
Kukhalapo kwa zizindikiro zingapo, kumakulolani kuti muwone munthu yemwe ali ndi vuto ndi psyche, koma zokambirana zokhazokha ndi kafukufuku ndi katswiri angathe kuwulula matenda kapena umunthu. Zizindikiro zofala za matenda a m'maganizo:
- zojambula;
- delirium;
- dromomania;
- mkhalidwe wautali wa kupsinjika, kupeŵa anthu;
- chiwonongeko;
- kumwa mowa ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo;
- nkhanza ndi kutsimikizira;
- chilakolako chovulaza thupi;
- kusokoneza;
- kusokoneza;
- kuphwanya chifuniro.
Kuchiza kwa matenda a maganizo
Matenda a m'maganizo - matendawa, amafunikira thandizo lachipatala osachepera matenda ena onse. Nthaŵi zina mwapadera kusankha mankhwala, kapena psychotherapy yothandiza, imathandiza kuchepetsa kuwonongeka kwa umunthu mwa mitundu yoopsa ya schizophrenia, khunyu. Matenda a psyche, mankhwala ochizira:
- Odwala matendawa - amachepetsa kusokonezeka maganizo, kukhumudwa, kukhumudwa (aminazine, sonapaks);
- zotsitsimula - kuchepetsa nkhawa, kugona tulo (fenozepam, buspirone);
- Kugonjetsa - kuyambitsa maganizo, kusintha maganizo (miracetol, ixel).
Hypnosis Kuchiza kwa Matenda a Maganizo
Matenda a m'maganizo amachitidwa pamodzi ndi chithandizo cha hypnosis . Kulephera kwa chithandizo cha kuponderezedwa ndikuti ndi ochepa okha odwala matenda opatsirana. Koma pali zochitika zabwino zomwe zimatulutsa nthawi yaitali patatha masewera angapo, ndizofunika kukumbukira kuti matenda monga matenda a schizophrenia ndi dementia sachiritsidwa, choncho chithandizo chochiritsira ndicho chachikulu, ndipo hypnosis imathandizira kupeza masautso akale ndi "kulembanso" zomwe zidzachitike, zomwe zidzachepetsa zizindikiro zamatenda.
Kulemala kwa matenda a maganizo
Zolakwika ndi malingaliro aumphawi zimaletsa kwambiri ntchito zapakhomo za munthu, lingaliro lake la dziko likusintha, kumapita mozama mwa iyemwini ndi kusokoneza. Wodwalayo sangathe kukhala ndi moyo wathanzi, choncho nkofunika kulingalira ngati njira yolemala ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa phindu. Kodi ndi zifukwa ziti zomwe zimalepheretsa matenda a maganizo, mndandandanda:
- khunyu;
- schizophrenia;
- malingaliro;
- Matenda a Alzheimer;
- Matenda a Parkinson;
- malingaliro;
- matenda osokoneza maganizo a dissociative;
- matenda osokoneza bongolar.
Kupewa matenda a maganizo
Matenda a m'maganizo ndi matenda ambiri akufala masiku ano, kotero kuti nkhani zothandizira zimakhala zovuta kwambiri. Matenda okhudzana ndi psyche - Ndi zofunikira ziti zomwe zimayenera kuchitapo pofuna kupewa chitukuko cha matendawa kapena kuchepetsa ziwonongeko zomwe zikuwonongera kale? Psychohygiene ndi thanzi labwino ndizo ntchito zomwe cholinga chake chimathandiza kuchiza matenda:
- kusamalira bwino ntchito, kupumula;
- katundu wokwanira;
- kuzindikira nthawi yake ya nkhawa, neurosis, nkhawa;
- kuphunzira kwa pedigree yao;
- kukonzekera kwa mimba.
Matenda osokonezeka maganizo
Manic-depressive psychosis, schizophrenia, matenda a khunyu - ambiri amvapo za matendawa, koma palibe matenda omwe amapezeka m'maganizo omwe sali ochuluka:
- bibliomania - obsession ndi kupeza mabuku mwa wolemba wina ndi kufalitsa kwathunthu kwa bukhu;
- zozizwitsa zamatsenga - chilakolako chosayimitsa bodza, lembani za iwo okha nkhani zosiyana;
- Matenda a m'mimba kapena matenda opatsirana pogonana - wodwala amakhulupirira kuti ziwalo zake zimalowetsedwa m'thupi, ndipo pamene imfa imayendetsedwa - munthu amasiya kugona, amayang'ana mbolo;
- Kotara - munthu amene ali ndi matendawa amakhulupirira kuti wamwalira kapena kulibe, wodwalayo angaganize kuti ziwalo zake zikutha ndipo mtima sagunda;
- prosopagnosia - munthu amayang'ana zachilengedwe, koma sadziwa komanso sakuzindikira nkhope za anthu.
Amadwala odwala matenda a maganizo
Kuwonjezeka kwa matenda a m'maganizo kapena zovuta kukudziwikiratu - chifukwa nyenyezi zonse zikuwonekera, kubisa zinthu zoterezi ndizosavuta, ndipo ngakhale anthu otchuka amakonda kulankhula momasuka za mavuto awo, kukopa chidwi. Odyera okhala ndi zolakwika zosiyanasiyana:
- Britney Spears . Malingaliro ndi zochita za Britney "zinachoka pamtunda" sizinafotokozedwe kupatula kuti waulesi. Kuyesera kudzipha, kumeta ndekha mutu - zonsezi ndi zotsatira za kupweteka kwa postpartum ndi matenda a bipolar.
- Amanda Bynes . Nyenyezi yakuwala ya kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 90. Zaka 100 zapitazi zinasoweka mwadzidzidzi pazithunzi. Kugwiritsa ntchito mowa kwambiri ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo kunayamba kukhala phokoso lachizungu.
- David Beckham . Nyenyezi ya mpira imakhala ndi vuto lovuta kwambiri. Kwa David, ndondomeko yoyenera ndi yofunika ndipo ngati malo amatha kusintha m'nyumba mwake, izi zimapangitsa kuti alamu amphamvu.
- Steven Fry . Wolemba mabuku wa Chingerezi kuyambira ali wachinyamata anali ndi vuto la kuvutika maganizo, kudziona ngati wopanda pake, kuyesa kudzipha kangapo, ndipo pa 30 yekha, Steven anapezeka ndi matenda a bipolar.
- Herschel Walker . Zaka zingapo zapitazo, msilikali wa mpira wa ku America anapezeka ndi matenda a dissociative (splittingative) wa munthu. Gerchel kuyambira ali mwana adamva kuti ali ndi umunthu wamba komanso kuti asakhale wopenga anayamba kukhala wolimba mtima, wotsogolera.
Mafilimu okhudza matenda a maganizo
Zovuta za umunthu zimakhala zokondweretsa nthawi zonse ndipo zimafunidwa ndi cinema. Matenda a neuropsychiatric ali ngati zozizwitsa za moyo - zolinga, zolinga, zochita, nchiyani chomwe chimalimbikitsa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a maganizo? Mafilimu okhudzidwa ndi maganizo:
- " Masewera a Maganizo / Maganizo Abwino ." Katswiri wa masamu John Forbes Nash mwadzidzidzi amayamba kuchita zozizwitsa, kuyankhula pa foni ndi wodabwitsa wa CIA wothandizila, akuyika pamalo ovomerezeka olemba. Posakhalitsa zimakhala kuti kukhudzana ndi CIA ndi chipatso cha malingaliro a Yohane ndipo zinthu ndizoopsa kwambiri - chiwalo chachizungu chokhala ndi maonekedwe ndi zooneka bwino.
- « Chilumba cha Damned / Shutter Island ». Mafilimu omwe amawonongekawo amafikira pamapeto pake. Wothandizira wothandizira Teddy Daniels ndi wokondedwa wake Chuck akufika pachilumba cha Shatter, kumene kuli chipatala cha matenda a maganizo omwe amachiritsira odwala kwambiri a maganizo. Kuchokera kuchipatala, Rachel Solando, wakupha mwana, akusowa ndipo ntchito ya abambo ndi kufufuza kuti izi zitheke, koma pakufufuza za ziwanda zamkati za Teddy Daniels zimawululidwa. Firimuyi ikuwonetsa kuti munthu ali ndi schizophrenia.
- " Zowonongeka Zachibadwa ." Mwamuna ndi mkazi wake Mickey ndi Mellory akuyenda mozungulira maimfa a ku America kumbuyo kwawo. Filamu yochititsa manyazi yomwe imasonyeza kusokonezeka kwa umunthu wa dissocial.
- " Kuwopsa Kwambiri ." Nchiyani chingachititse kukhumba msanga pamapeto a sabata ndipadera, kuvutika kwapathengo kwa umunthu? Moyo wonse wa Dan umathamangira njira pambuyo pa kusakhulupirika: Alex wokongola anadzipha ndipo adafuna kudzipha ngati Dan sakupita naye, amamenya mwana wake wamwamuna.
- " Miyoyo Iwiri / Chisangalalo Pamtima ." Marta, mkazi wamasiye yemwe ali ndi ana awiri, amakhala moyo wamba m'tawuni yaing'ono ya ku France, akuchitira nawo ana, ulimi ndikulemba ndemanga za magazini. Chilichonse chimasintha usiku, pamene Marita akulowetsa m'maloto - pali moyo wina wodabwitsa, komwe ndi Marti, yemwe ndi mutu wa bungwe lolemba mabuku. Miyoyo yonse iwiri: zenizeni komanso zinthu zomwe zikuchitika mu malotowo zimagwirizana, ndipo Marita sangathe kusiyanitsa komwe kuli, komanso komwe malotowo ali. The heroine akudwala dissociative umunthu matenda.