Ngakhale kuti mankhwalawa amadziwika ndi tizilombo ta phwetekere omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti athetse tizirombo zosiyanasiyana za zomera zina, nthawi zambiri tomato iwowo amadwala matenda ndi tizilombo toononga. Mwamwayi, pali njira zambiri zolimbana, kuphatikizapo anthu, ndi zina kapena tizirombo tina ndi matenda a tomato.
Matenda wamba a tomato ndi njira zolimbana nawo
Choyamba ndi chodziwika kwambiri pa mndandanda wa matenda a tomato ndi mochedwa kwambiri . Matendawa, omwe amachititsa kuti tizilombo timene timayambitsa matendawa, amakhudza zomera zonse - zimayambira, masamba ndi zipatso. Kawirikawiri matendawa amafalikira ku mbatata yapafupi ndipo pang'onopang'ono amawononga zokolola za phwetekere.
Choyamba, mawanga amaoneka pamasamba a tomato, omwe amayamba kuuma ndi kutha, ndiye matendawa amafalikira kumtunda wonsewo. Mwamwayi, nthawi zambiri zipatso zimakhala ndi nthawi yokhwima musanafike choipitsa.
Njira yaikulu yothetsera vuto lochedwa kuchepa ndi kupatula mbatata kuchokera ku tomato. Ndipo ngati matendawa achitika, amangokhala kupopera mabedi ndi kulowetsedwa kwa adyo, Bordeaux madzi ndi njira yothetsera mchere.
Matenda ena a tomato ndi vertex zowola . Amawonetseredwa ndi maonekedwe a madzi obiriwira achikasu pamwamba pa chipatsocho, chomwe chimachititsa bulauni ndikuyamba kuwonongeka. Matendawa amayamba ndi mabakiteriya, osungidwa namsongole ndi zotsalira za zomera zapitazo.
Zinthu zokondweretsa matendawa ndi dampness. Ndizowona kuti m'mabotolo mumatendawa amayamba kwambiri kutentha ndi kutsika. Zinthu zikuwonjezereka chifukwa cha kusowa kwa nthaka mu gawo monga potaziyamu.
Njira yotsimikiziridwa yolimbana ndi kuvunda kwa vertebrate ikupopera tomato ku matendawa ndi njira zothetsera calcium chloride, Bordeaux madzimadzi , phytosporin. Monga njira yowonetsera, nthawi zonse ntchito ya feteleza ya phosphate-potaziyamu ku chidebe cha phwetekere ndi mankhwala osabzala asanavomerezedwe.
Matenda osadziwika - tsamba lofiirira . Chifukwa chake ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, zomwe zimakhudza masamba, zimayambira ndipo nthawi zina zipatso. Kugonjetsedwa kumayamba ndi masamba apansi ndi kufalikira pang'ono. Chirichonse chimachitika pa siteji ya zipatso zakucha. Njira zothana ndi matenda - mankhwala ndi phytosporin ndi maziko.
Nthawi zambiri timawona bulawuni pa macaroni (macrosporiosis) . Zimakhudza timapepala, timayambira ndi zipatso, timadziwonetsera tokha ngati mawonekedwe akuluakulu ofiira ndi bulauni omwe amadziwika bwino kwambiri. Mawanga amafunika kukhala sopo yamkuwa (20 g zamkuwa sulphate ndi 200 g sopo pa chidebe cha madzi).
Zina zosasangalatsa matenda a tomato
Nthawi zina tomato amawonekera ku matenda ena owopsa. Mwachitsanzo, zipatso zachabecha kucha , pamene mawanga achikasu amawonekera pa chipatso pamwamba pake, pang'onopang'ono kukhala omveka. Pansi pa khungu lowonongeka ndi minofu yakufa. Kupewa chodabwitsa ichi ndi pamwamba kuvala tomato ndi potaziyamu nitrate.
Nthawi zambiri zimatha kuwonetsa zipatso zomwe zimatchedwa
Pamene phwetekere imakhudzidwa pa mmera, msozi umakhala wakuda, woonda ndi wovunda, umatchedwa mwendo wakuda . Njira zothana ndi matendawa zimakhala zowonjezera zomera, kusunga mtunda wokwanira pakati pa mphukira. Ndipo kwa prophylaxis, trichodermine imayambitsidwira koyamba mu nthaka kwa mbande.