Ndi bwino kuyang'ana mabedi obiriwira a kaloti ndi anyezi, mazira omwe akuphulika a mbatata, mkwapu yobalalika ya maungu ndi zukini, tchire la currants ndi gooseberries kuti maluwa ndi zipatso. Koma kuti amuna athu obiriwira okongola amawoneka okondwa ndi okhutira, amayenera kukonzedwa bwino, kuphatikizapo feteleza. Koma ndi feteleza otani ndi momwe tingawagwiritsire ntchito, tidzakambirana lero.
Kodi feteleza ndi chiyani: magulu ndi malamulo ogwiritsira ntchito
Masamulo a m'munda wamakono ndi masamba a masamba ndiwo zodzaza ndi matumba ndi matumba kuti mitundu iwonongeke. Ndipo sizosadabwitsa kuti oyamba kumene chilimwe akukhala osokonezeka muzojambula zosiyanasiyana zazamaluwa za feteleza ndi feteleza. Koma izi ndizoyang'ana koyamba, pali mitundu inayi yokha ya fetereza. Nazi izi:
1. Manyowa opangira. Gululi limaphatikizapo zonse zomwe chilengedwe chimapanga pochita ntchito yake yofunikira. Mitundu yambiri ya feteleza ndi: manyowa, nyota (makamaka nkhuku), peat, humus, kompositi, utuchi.
Chomera chabwino kwambiri cha feteleza ndi chaka chotsatira cha kavalo ndi mullein. Lili ndi kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka kwa zakudya zowonjezera zofunika kwa zomera. Kuonjezera apo, kudyetsa sikunkhwimitsa ngati kanjakiti komweko, komwe kumayenera kubzalidwa ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito m'magawo ang'onoang'ono.
Peat nthawi zambiri amawonjezeredwa kompositi ndi humus. Izi zimapangitsa kuti feteleza zizikhala bwino komanso zimapangitsa kuti nthaka ikhale ndi zakudya zambiri. Ngakhale kompositiyi, yomwe ili ndi zowonongeka zowonongeka, ndi zitsamba kapena masamba a humus, ali abwino pamodzi payekha. Chirichonse chimadalira pa chilengedwe ndi chikhalidwe cha nthaka yomwe amapanga.
Koma nkhuni ndi utuchi sizitsamba feteleza pa se. Koma iwo, kumasula nthaka, kuwonjezera aeration, yomwe ili yofunikira kwambiri m'madera olemera a clayey. Kuwonjezera apo, nkhuni zamatabwa zimamwa madzi bwino, zomwe zimapulumutsa zomera kuchokera kumadzi okwanira m'mapiri ndi otsika.
2. Mchere wamchere. Gululi la zokongoletsera m'munda limagawidwa m'magulu awiri - osavuta komanso ovuta kapena ovuta. Mitundu ya feteleza yowonjezera ndi yowonjezeramo - nayitrogeni, potaziyamu, phosphorous, ndi zina zotero. Gulu la feteleza zovuta kumaphatikizapo zomwe zili ndi zigawo ziwiri kapena zina, mwachitsanzo, "azofosca" yomwe imakhala nayitrogeni, phosphorus ndi potaziyamu.
Mitundu yabwino ya mitundu yonse ya feteleza yamchere imatengedwa ngati phulusa la nkhuni.
3. feteleza feteleza. Ndipo gululi la feteleza limapangidwa ndi zosakaniza za mabakiteriya osiyanasiyana opindulitsa. Amathandiza
4. Ma microfertilizers. Ponena za mtundu uwu wa feteleza ndibwino kunena kuti ichi si chovala chokwera pamwamba, koma mchiritsi. Zili ndi zinthu zofunika kuti zomera monga manganese, chitsulo, zinki, boron, mkuwa, molybdenum, ndi zina zothandizira kulimbana ndi matenda a fungal ndi mabakiteriya. Chitsanzo choonekera kwambiri cha microfertilizers ndi "phytosporin".
Magulu anayi a feteleza amapanga zida zosiyanasiyana zamaluwa. Tsopano mumadziwanso.