Munthu wonyansa - ndi matenda ambiri otani?

Zolakwika zamaganizo ndi zambiri. Pali zina zomwe zimachitika kawirikawiri, koma pali zolakwa zambiri zomwe zimaphatikizapo kupatukana kwa umunthu. Mliriwu, anthu angapo amakhala mu thupi laumunthu, ndipo angathe, ngati kuli kotheka, "kusinthana" kuchokera kumodzi kupita kumzake.

Kodi kupatukana kwa umunthu ndi chiyani?

Kutupa kapena kupatukana ndi munthu matenda a maganizo omwe munthu angakhale nawo ma ego awiri kapena kuposa. Amakhala mokhazikika m'thupi limodzi, ngakhale angakhale a mitundu yosiyana, amakhala osiyana, komanso osiyana. Matendawa amatchulidwa ku magulu a dissociative (kutembenuka), omwe amadziwika ndi kuphwanya ntchito monga:

• kukumbukira;
• chidziwitso;
• mwini wake.

Chofunika cha zochitikazo ndi chakuti njira za psyche za munthu ndi matenda osandulika zimachititsa zotsatira zogwirizanitsa anthu angapo. Mmodzi wa iwo payekha sangakhoze kuonedwa kukhala wangwiro ndi wodziimira. Panthawi inayake, psyche amasintha kuchokera ku chigawo chimodzi cha ego kupita ku chimzake. Munthu wogwira ntchito sakumbukira zomwe zinachitika pamene "I" yoyamba inali patsogolo.

Kodi pali umunthu wosagawanika

Matenda ambiri amtundu wa mankhwala ali ndi mayina osiyanasiyana. Anthu ambiri ali ndi lingaliro losadziwika la matenda awa, musakhulupirire kuti kulipo kwake; Ena amawona kuti ndi zotsatira za kumwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndipo amasokonezeka ndi schizophrenia. Zoopsya zoopsa zomwe zimachitika anthu osati zaka zana limodzi. Ngakhale mujambula za miyala ya Paleolithic, kumene amatsenga "amabadwanso" mu zinyama kapena mizimu, umunthu wambiri unadziwonetsera wokha. Chodabwitsa cha kudzidzidzimutsa kungathe kufotokozeranso malingaliro monga:

1. Kuyamba kwa mizimu, zochitika zina zadziko.
2. Kukhala ndi ziwanda.

Zaka mazana angapo zapitazo, ndi zochitika zatchulidwa pamwambapa, adalimbana ndi njira zawo, nthawi zina nkhanza (mpaka kutenthedwa pamtengo). Ndi chitukuko cha mankhwala ndi psychology, njirayi yasintha. M'zaka za zana la 18, pa chitsanzo cha nkhani ya odwala Victor Ras, amene sanakumbukire zomwe akuchita pamene akugona - mwachitsanzo. mu kusintha kwa chidziwitso - umunthu wagawanika unayamba kuonedwa ngati matenda omwe angapezedwe ndi kuchiritsidwa.

Kusuntha umunthu - zifukwa

Matenda a chidziwitso chogawidwa amawoneka kuti ndi osowa. Kwa zaka zana zapitazi, matenda 163 okha a matendawa alembedwa, ndipo sayansi silingayankhebe funso la chimene chimalimbikitsa munthu mmodzi kukhala wodala. Zolondola zenizeni sizitchulidwa, komabe zimatsimikiziridwa kuti anthu angapo akhoza kupanga zinthu izi:

• chiwawa nthawi zonse (kugonana, thupi, etc.);
• kuvutika maganizo komwe kunachitika kuyambira ali mwana;
• matenda;
• kugwiritsa ntchito gasi yosangalatsa;
• chiwonetsero kapena thunzi;
• kugwa kuchokera ku zenizeni (mafilimu, masewera a pa Intaneti, etc.);
• kusowa tulo ndi nkhawa.

Kugawa umunthu - momwe zimachitikira

Kugawidwa kambiri kwa umunthu kumagwirizana ndi lingaliro la kusokoneza - njira yothetsera kuteteza maganizo , pomwe chochitikacho chimayamba kuzindikiritsidwa mosiyana, ngati kuti zochitika sizichitika ndi munthu mwiniyo, koma ndi wina. Kugawanitsa chidziwitso ndi kuwonetsera kwakukulu kwa kusokonezeka. Izi zimachitidwa mosadziŵa, kuti asamangokhala ndi maganizo olakwika. Pamene njira yotetezera imatulutsidwa nthawi ndi nthawi, pali vuto la kutembenuka.

Kugawa umunthu - zizindikiro

Matenda a kusokonezeka kwa umunthu amakhudzidwa ndi anthu akuluakulu omwe adakumana ndi zowawa muunyamata. Matenda a dissociative amachititsa kuti munthu asakhale wosokonezeka komanso wosokonezeka, amalepheretsa khalidwe labwino. Matendawa ali ndi mitundu itatu: kuwala, sing'anga komanso katundu. Poyambirira, zimakhala zovuta kudziwa kuti umunthu wambiri umagawanika , makamaka payekha. Ndipo zizindikiro zina zimasonyeza kuti matendawa ndi awa:

1. Wodwalayo akunena chinthu chomwe sichidziwika bwino ndi iye.
2. Zochita zake zimatsutsana.
3. Pankhaniyi, munthu wachiwiri samadziwonetsera yekha. Munthu amadzizindikira yekha ndi iye ngati amodzi.

Pazigawo zoopsa kwambiri za chitukuko cha matenda, umunthu waumunthu umadziwika ndi zizindikiro zotsatirazi:

• kukhumudwa, kukumbukira pang'ono;
• matenda ndi malingaliro;
• kusinthasintha kumasintha;
• kuchepetsa kuyankhidwa kuchitetezo cha kunja;
• mutu;
• kutuluka thukuta;
• kusamvana.

Kodi mungayambitse bwanji umunthu wagawanika?

Matenda a umunthu sikuti nthawi zonse amatenga matenda ndi zotsatira za njira yotetezera muvuto. Kukhumudwa kungathe kumvekedwa ngakhale ndi anthu abwinobwino pambuyo pobatizidwa kwathunthu muzochitika zina: pafupifupi (masewera a pa intaneti), buku, ma cinematographic. Nthaŵi zina, kuchitira miyambo yachipembedzo ndi kulumikiza muzithunzithunzi kungathandizire kupeza chithandizo chaching'ono cha dissociative.

Momwe mungachitire umunthu wogawanika?

Munthu wodula amatha kukhala ndi matenda osapitirira moyo wake wonse. Kulimbana ndi vuto loyenera kumakhala kovuta, ndipo nthawi zambiri anthu omwe ali ndi matenda opatsirana pogonana amathera zaka zambiri kuchipatala cha maganizo. Kuchiza kwa matenda ndi mitundu itatu:

• mankhwala;
• psychotherapeutic;
• njira zonse ziwiri.

Nthaŵi zina amachititsa munthu kuganiza, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi komanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi Ngati tikulankhula za kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, anthu omwe amapezeka kuti ali ndi umunthu wamtunduwu nthawi zambiri amatchulidwa kuti alimbana ndi matenda ozunguza bongo komanso osokoneza bongo. Zimathetsa kuvutika maganizo komanso kuchepetsa ntchito yowonjezera. Chokhacho chokhacho cha njira iyi ndizowonongeka msanga.

Kusuntha umunthu - zochititsa chidwi

Anthu ambiri amakhala ndi munthu yemweyo - chinthu chodabwitsa chomwe chimakhudza akatswiri ndi anthu wamba kwa zaka zambiri. Pali zowonjezereka zokhudzana ndi iye:

1. Anthu omwe ali ndi khalidwe logawanika amaonedwa kuti ndi owopsa. M'malo mwake, amadzivulaza okha, kuposa ena. Ambiri amavomereza kuti adayesa kudzipha ndi "dongosolo" la chimodzi mwa zolakwika zawo.
2. Kusintha kuchokera ku "I" kupita kwa ena kumachitika nthawi yomwe munthu amamva kuti akuopsezedwa. "Kuyenerera" kwa munthu wina kumamupatsa chidaliro.
3. Pochita chithandizo cha matendawa tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tizichitira anthu onse ulemu womwewo.
4. Chithunzi chodziwika kwambiri cha munthu yemwe ali ndi umunthu wogawanika ndi Dr. Jekyll ndi Bambo Hyde.
5. Kuyambira 1 mpaka 3% mwa anthu onse padziko lapansi amadwala matenda a dissociative.

Anthu otchuka omwe ali ndi umunthu wambiri

Malingana ndi ziwerengero, matendawa ndi ofala pakati pa Amereka, ngakhale anthu a msinkhu uliwonse ndi dziko lawo ali ndi vutoli. Wodwala woyamba amene anapezeka ndi matenda a umunthu anali wazaka 45 wa ku France, yemwe anali ndi anthu atatu odziimira komanso odziwika. Munthu wotchuka kwambiri ali ndi umunthu wambiri komanso wapadera kwambiri ndi Billy Milligan. Chingwecho chinali ndi anthu 24, khumi mwa iwo anali ofunika, kuphatikizapo Billy mwini, ena onse ndi achiwiri. Anthu ena otchuka omwe ali ndi matenda ofanana ndi awa:

• Mtsikana wina dzina lake Juanita Maxwell, yemwe anapha malo ogona nyumbayo pamene anali m'gulu lake lachisanu ndi chimodzi;
• Mayi Wachichewa Kim Noble, yemwe anali ndi anthu 20;
• Wasayansi wa ku America Robert Oxenem (11 ego amati);
• Chris Sizemore, "mwini" wa anthu atatu kapena 22;
• Trudy Chase ndi umunthu wake 92, wosiyana kwambiri ndi wina ndi mnzake.

Mabuku okhudza kupatukana kwa umunthu

Chodabwitsa cha kugawanika ndi chidwi kwa ambiri, koma osati kuphunzira mokwanira. Mayankho a mafunso opanda pake okhudza matendawa angapereke mabuku ofotokoza za umunthu ndi ntchito zamakono:

1. "Nkhani yachilendo ya Dr. Jekyll ndi Bambo Hyde" ndi Robert Lewis Stevenson (1886) ndi nkhani yachidule yokhudza munthu wokhala ndi makhalidwe awiri.
2. "Limbani ndi Club" Chuck Palahniuk (1996) - imodzi mwa mabuku otchuka kwambiri, kenako amajambula.
3. Daniel Kees a "Multily Billy Milligan" (1981) , pogwiritsa ntchito zochitika zenizeni.
4. "Sybil" Flora Rita Schreiber (1973) - nkhani yeniyeni yokhudza umunthu wamwamuna mmodzi.
5. "Pamene kalulu akuwomba" Truddy Chase (1981) - nkhani yochokera kwa munthu woyamba.

Matenda a umunthu wambiri - mafilimu

Anthu omwe ali ndi khalidwe logawidwa komanso nkhani zawo zodabwitsa amawonetsedwa mu cinema. Mabuku ambiri otchuka adasamutsidwa pawindo ndipo adawuza nkhani zatsopano pamutu uno. Zina mwa izo:

1. Chisangalalo cha Hitchcock "Psycho" (1960).
2. Chojambula cha "Bibil" (1976), choyamba kufanana ndi Flora Rita Schreiber.
3. "Voices" (1990) - pamakalata a Truddy Chase.
4. "Limbani ndi Club" (1999) yochokera m'buku la Palanika.
5. Zosangalatsa zachinsinsi "Identification" (2003).
6. Zosokoneza "Adani akuganiza" (2010).
7. Kupatulidwa (2016) ndi zokondweretsa zamaganizo za mnyamata yemwe ali ndi umunthu 23.

Mutu wokhudzana ndi kupatukana kwa umunthu

Kugawanika umunthu ndi matenda, omwe amawonetsa masewera ambiri, masewera ndi kuwopsya mafilimu amawomberedwa, koma osati kutalika kwake okha. Matenda a m'maganizo - nthaka yokhala ndi zowonongeka. Ndipo matenda a odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a splitting ndiwo maziko abwino a chiwembu. Mndandanda wina, omwe anthu ake ali ndi anthu ambiri:

1. "Jekyll" (2007) ndikutanthauzira kwamakono nkhani ya Dr. Jekyll ndi Bambo Hyde.
2. "Tara wosiyana" (2008-2011) - nkhani ya mtsikana amene ali ndi "Ine" zisanu ndi chimodzi.
3. "Motel Bates" (2013-2017) ndi TV prequel ya "Psycho" ya Hitchcock.

Masiku ano, kuti munthu adziwe kuti pali kusiyana kotani sikumadabwitsa aliyense. Zambiri zake zauzidwa ndipo zosachepera zimasonyezedwa. Komabe, matendawa ndi matenda osadziwika a psyche, omwe ndi ovuta kuika komanso ovuta kuchiza. Nthawi zina, matenda a dissociative amakhala aakulu. Odwala amafunika chithandizo chokhazikika kwa zaka zisanu kapena zina, kuti chiwerengero cha anthu chichepetse kukhala chimodzi.