Kuyambira kubwera kwa makompyuta, olemba za sayansi yamabodza adabwera ndi zida zanzeru zomwe zimalanda dziko ndikupanga anthu akapolo. Asayansi poyamba ankaseka, koma monga momwe zipangizo zamakono zakhalira, lingaliro la makina ololera linaleka kuoneka ngati lodabwitsa kwambiri. Kuti aone ngati kompyuta ikhoza kukhala ndi luntha, mayeso a Turing anapangidwa, ndipo anapangidwa ndi wina osati Alan Turing, amene dzina lake linatchulidwapo. Tiyeni tikulankhulana mwatsatanetsatane za mtundu wa yeseso uwu ndi zomwe ungathe.
Kodi mungapereke bwanji mayeso a Turing?
Amene anayambitsa mayeso a Turing, tikudziwa, koma n'chifukwa chiyani adachita kuti asonyeze kuti palibe makina ali ngati munthu? Ndipotu, Alan Turing anali akufufuza kwambiri za "makina osokoneza bongo" ndipo anandiuza kuti n'zotheka kupanga makina omwe angathe kugwira ntchito monga maganizo. Mulimonsemo, kumbuyo kwa zaka 47 zapitazo, adanena kuti sivuta kupanga makina omwe akhoza kusewera chess bwino, ndipo ngati n'kotheka, ndizotheka kupanga makina oganiza ". Koma momwe angadziwire ngati akatswiri akukwaniritsa zolinga zawo kapena ayi, kodi mwana wawo ali ndi luntha kapena ndi wina wopita patsogolo? Pachifukwa ichi, Alan Turing adayesa yekha, zomwe zimatithandiza kumvetsetsa kuchuluka kwa nzeru zamakompyuta ndi anthu.
Chofunika cha mayeso a Turing ndi awa: ngati kompyuta ikhoza kuganiza, ndiye pokamba, munthu sangathe kusiyanitsa makina kuchokera kwa munthu wina. Chiyesocho chimaphatikizapo anthu awiri ndi kompyuta imodzi, onse omwe sawonana sakuwonana, ndipo kuyankhulana kumachitika mwa kulemba. Mndandanda wa zolembera umachitika pa nthawi zolamulidwa kuti woweruza asathe kudziwa kompyuta, motsogoleredwa ndi liwiro la mayankho. Chiyesochi chimawerengedwa kuti chinaperekedwa, ngati woweruza sangathe kunena ndi yemwe ali nawo makalata - ndi munthu kapena kompyuta. Kutsiriza kuyesa kwa Turing sikungatheke pulogalamu iliyonse. Mu 1966, pulogalamu ya Eliza inatha kunyengerera oweruza, koma chifukwa chakuti adatsanzira njira za katswiri wa zamaganizo pogwiritsa ntchito njira zogwiritsa ntchito makasitomala, ndipo anthu sanauzidwe kuti akhoza kulankhula ndi makompyuta. Mu 1972, pulogalamu ya PARRY, kutsanzira schizophrenic, yanyengerera 52% ya amatsenga. Chiyesocho chinachitidwa ndi gulu limodzi la akatswiri a maganizo, ndipo lachiwiri likuwerengera zolembazo. Magulu awiriwa asanakhale ndi ntchito yodziwa kumene mawu a anthu enieni, ndi pulogalamu yolankhula. Zinali zotheka kuchita izi pokhapokha 48% za milandu, koma mayesero a Turing amagwiritsa ntchito kuyankhulana pa intaneti, osati kuwerenga zolemba.
Lerolino pali mphoto ya Löbner, yomwe imaperekedwa mogwirizana ndi zotsatira za mpikisano wapachaka ku mapulogalamu omwe adatha kupambana mayeso a Turing. Pali golidi (zojambula ndi zojambula), siliva (audio) ndi mitu ya mkuwa (malemba). Mayi awiri oyambirira sanaperekedwe, ndondomeko ya mkuwa inaperekedwa ku mapulogalamu omwe angafanane ndi munthu pa makalata awo. Koma kulankhulana kotereku sikungatchedwe mokwanira, chifukwa kumakhala kofanana ndi makalata ochezeka omwe akukambirana, omwe ali ndi zigawo zogawidwa. Ndicho chifukwa chake
Mayesero a Inverse Turing
Chimodzi mwa matanthauzidwe a mayesero a Turing oyang'aniridwa anali akuyang'aniridwa ndi aliyense - ndi zopempha zokhumudwitsa za malo kuti atchule captcha (CAPTHA), zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuteteza masewera a spam. Zimakhulupirira kuti palibe mapulogalamu amphamvu okwanira pano (kapena iwo sapezeka kwa owerenga ambiri) omwe angakhoze kuzindikira malemba osokonezeka ndi kuberekana. Pano pali chododometsa chotere - tsopano tikuyenera kutsimikizira makompyuta kuti timatha kuganiza.