Malingana ndi chiwerengero, khansara ya mmero, zomwe zizindikiro zake zimakhala zobisika, zimawerengera pafupifupi 70% za matenda a chiwalo ichi. Gulu loopsya limapangidwa ndi amuna - odwala oncology, oncology amapezeka kawirikawiri. Chiwerengero cha anthu ochiritsidwa ndi mankhwala apanthaŵi yake ndi 60%.
Khansa yoopsa - imayambitsa
Khansara ya mmero imaphatikizidwa ndi ululu wa mucous nembanemba ndi larynx ndi pharynx. Kawirikawiri, atapanga mapangidwe, foci imayamba kufalikira kumagulu ndi ziwalo zoyandikana nazo. Zomwe zimayambitsa kukula kwa matenda ndizochuluka, motero nthawi zambiri zimakhala zovuta kuti madokotala asapangitse chinthu china chokhumudwitsa. Zina mwa zifukwa zomveka zofotokozera zomwe zingathe kukhala khansa ya mmero, madokotala amatha kukhala:
- amagwira ntchito yovulaza komanso kuyambitsa mafungo owopsa (kupanga varnishes ndi pepala, mankhwala);
- kuphwanya kwaukhondo;
- kusuta;
- umoyo;
- zotupa za mutu, khosi;
- matenda amphamvu a ma radiation ;
- Kuwonjezera pa zakudya zamchere ndi zakuta fodya, kudya masamba ndi zipatso.
Kukhoza kwa kukula kwa matenda kukuwonjezera kukhalapo kwa matenda otsatirawa:
- Matenda akuluakulu opuma opuma ( pharyngitis , laryngitis, sinusitis);
- chithunzi;
- mafoni;
- kuvulala pamutu;
- papillomatosis .
Kodi khansa imachitika zaka zingati?
Kawirikawiri, matendawa amalembedwa odwala achinyamata. Ndi matenda a kansa ya mmero, zaka za odwala nthawi zambiri zimaposa zaka 60. Malinga ndi ziwerengero, matendawa amachitidwa ndi amuna ambiri - kugonana kolimba nthawi zambiri kumatanthawuzira kusonyeza chikonga ndi zizolowezi zina zoipa zomwe zimakhudza thanzi. Pafupifupi wodwala aliyense yemwe amasuta fodya kapena amene wakhala akuledzera kwa nthawi yayitali.
Mitundu ya Khansa ya Throat
Nthaŵi zambiri, chifuwa cha khosi cha chiwombankhanga chimagwirizana ndi squamous cell carcinoma. Malingana ndi zomwe akatswiri a oncologist amanena, mavoti oposa 95% amapezeka m'matendawa. Malingana ndi maonekedwe a morphological a mawonekedwe a chotupacho, kusiyanitsa:
- neorogovevayuschy;
- keratinizing;
- khansa yosiyana kwambiri.
Mtundu woyamba umakhala ndi chitukuko chofulumira komanso mapangidwe ambiri a metastases. Chotupacho chimayamba kumayambitsa mazira. Amapezeka kawirikawiri kuposa ena ndipo amapezeka kumtunda wa larynx. Khansara ya khosi yopanda chonchi, chithunzi chomwe chaperekedwa m'munsimu chifukwa cha kukula kwachangu kumapangitsa kuti phokoso likhazikike, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mpweya ukhale wosasuntha.
Khwangwala ya pakhosi, zomwe zizindikiro zake zimatchulidwa pansipa, zili ndi pang'onopang'ono ndipo sizimapanga mavitamini m'magulu ena. Malo okondedwa a chitukuko ndi chingwe cha mawu. Ndi mtundu wosiyana kwambiri, kutenga nawo mbali mofulumira kwa zida zathanzi muzomwe zimachitika. Khansara yoteroyo, zomwe zizindikiro zake ziri pansipa, ndi zovuta kuchiza.
Khansa yoopsa - zizindikiro zonse
Zizindikiro za khansa ya m'kamwa, nthawi ya maonekedwe awo, kuopsa kwake kwa zizindikiro zimachokera kumalo ophunzirira matenda. Choncho, kugonjetsedwa kwa magawo apamwamba pakati pa zizindikiro zoyamba, odwala amamva kupweteka pamene akumeza, kupweteka kwanthaŵi yaitali pammero. Monga chizindikiro chowonjezerapo, madokotala amalankhula kupweteka m'mano komanso imfa.
Pamene chotupa chimapanga m'munsi, ndi ululu wa larynx, odwala amazindikira kusintha kwadzidzidzi kwa mawu. Pamene kusiyana kwa mawu kutsekedwa, wodwala sangathe kuyankhula nkomwe. Pa milandu yovuta, ngati palibe chithandizo choyenera, kupuma, kupuma, kuopseza moyo wa wodwalayo n'kotheka.
Khansara yotentha - yoyamba zizindikiro
Kusintha kwadzidzidzi kwa mawu, mantha, kuzizira popanda kukhala ndi catarrhal ndi matenda opweteka ndizo zizindikiro zoyamba za khansa ya mmero. Pamene kukula kukukulirakulira, dysphagia -kumva kupweteka pomeza chakudya ndi madzi. Mawonetseredwe a matendawa amadalira mwachindunji pa siteji ya khansa ya mmero. Kupanda chithandizo chabwino kumayambitsa matendawa komanso kuwonekera kwa zizindikiro zatsopano:
- ziwalo zowonjezereka za khola lachiberekero ;
- zonunkhira zochokera pakamwa;
- maonekedwe a m'matumbo a zonyansa za magazi;
- chifuwa ndi phlegm;
- kuchepetsa kuwonjezeka kwa kumva (nthawi zina).
Khansara yoopsa - gawo 1
Pamene wodwalayo amakula ndi khansa ya kummero, zizindikiro zoyambirira za matendawa zikhoza kukhala palibe. Pofufuza matendawa, chikhalidwe cha chotupachi, madokotala amamvetsera:
- kukula kwa chotupa;
- kuyenda kwa zingwe za mawu;
- metastases (chiwerengero, kukula).
Mmene khansa ya khosi imawonekera ikudalira pa siteji ya matendawa. Pachiyambi choyamba chotupacho chikuyamba kuwonjezeka muvunduku ndipo chiri pamwamba pa phula, liwu silinasinthe. Selo la khansa likupezeka mu glottis, koma mitsempha imathabe kugwira ntchito bwinobwino. Kukula kwa chotupacho ndi chochepa - kuvulaza mamita ochepa. Maselo amatsenga alipo mu mucous nembanemba ya larynx.
Khansara yoopsa - Gawo 2
Pachigawo chachiwiri, khansara ya mmero (zizindikiro zoyambirira zikhoza kukhala palibe) zimadzikweza mwa kusintha mau. Njira yokhala ndi vutoli imatulutsa khosi. M'magulu a epiglotti, madokotala amatha kuzindikira zambiri, kuphatikizapo, zizindikiro zowonongeka zimapezeka m'magulu oyandikana naye. Chotsatira chake, kayendetsedwe ka kayendedwe ka mawu kamasokonezeka, komwe kumayambitsa zizindikilo za makhalidwe: kusasinthasintha, kupuma. Pang'onopang'ono, chotupacho chimatha kugwira mitsempha, koma palibe metastases mu ma lymph nodes.
Khansara yoopsa - gawo 3
Panthawiyi, khansara ya mmero, zizindikiro ndi zizindikiro zomwe sizisiyana ndi zomwe tatchula pamwambapa, zimagwiritsira ntchito mitsempha ndi zowonongeka. Zingwe zazingwe sizikhoza kusuntha, kotero kutaya kwa mawu kwathunthu kumachitika. Maselo amatsenga amapezeka mwachindunji m'matenda a larynx. Pa matendawa, madokotala amazindikira kuti maselo amtunduwu amachokera pambali pa chotupacho. Mimba ya m'mimbayi imatha kufika pamtunda wa masentimita atatu.
Khansara yoopsa - siteji 4
Ndi matenda oterewa, ngati khansa ya mmero, gawo lotsiriza la matendali likuphatikizidwa ndi kugonjetsedwa kwathunthu kwa khungu ndi pharynx. Njira yokhala ndi vutoli imadutsa pamtunda wakupuma. Manyowa ndi metastases amatha kufalikira ku ziwalo za khosi, trachea, chithokomiro, nthawi zina zimadutsa kumtunda kwa thupi - zimakhudza mimba. Lymph nodes imakula kwambiri mu volume. Mapaundiwa amafika pamtunda wa masentimita 6. Kusintha kumeneku kumasokoneza mimba ndi kupuma.
Khwangwala yowopsya - matenda
Kuzindikira khansa ya mmero kumachokera pa kufufuza kwakukulu kwa pharynx, larynx. Zizindikiro zoyamba za matenda zimatha kudziwika ndi laryngoscopy. Njirayi imathandizira kufufuza zitsulo pogwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zapadera - laryngoscope. Potsatira ndondomekoyi, dokotala amayesa phokoso lamakono, lachitsulo, pharynx ndi pakamwa. Pogwiritsa ntchito laryngoscopy, n'zotheka kutenga zitsanzo zazitsamba zotsatizana. - Kuphunzira kwake komwe kumatsimikizira kukhalapo kwa maselo a khansa.
Kuti azindikire khansa ya mmero, zizindikiro zomwe zimachitika panthawi yoyezetsa magazi, njira zotsatirazi zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito:
- chiwerengero cha tomography (CT);
- Ultrasound;
- Maginito opanga maginito (MRI).
Khansara yowopsya - kufotokozera
Ndili ndi matenda ngati khansara ya mmero, ndi odwala angati omwe amakhala-funso ili limakhudza odwala kwambiri. Madokotala samapereka yankho losavomerezeka. Zamakono zamakono zamagetsi sizitithandiza kuti tizindikire molondola kuti liwiro lidzakula bwanji, zomwe ziwalo ndi ziwalo zidzakhudzidwa ndi matendawa.
Zomwe zanenedwa ndi madokotala zimachokera pazidziwitso za zochitika zachipatala, kusanthula kusintha kumene kumachitika ndi odwala khansa ya mmero, zizindikiro zomwe nthawi zina zingasinthidwe. Mfundo zazikulu zomwe madokotala amalingalira pofufuza matenda ndi:
- gawo la chotupa;
- kuchuluka kwa kuwonongeka;
- nambala ya ziwalo zokhudzidwa;
- kuya kwa kupweteka kwa chotupa;
- zaka za wodwala;
- chiwerengero cha metastases.
Kodi n'zotheka kuchiza khansa ya mmero?
Ngati chithandizo cha khansa ya m'kamwa chimayambika kumayambiriro koyamba, kuthekera kosalepheretsa kudwala ndiko kwakukulu. Maziko a mankhwalawa ndi opaleshoni yophatikizapo. Njira yogwiritsira ntchito, voliyumu yake imatsimikiziridwa kuganizira makhalidwe ndi mawonetseredwe a matenda a matendawa. Zotsatira zabwino kwambiri zimasonyeza njira ya kuchotsa zotupa za laser mu magawo oyambirira a khansara. Njira yogwiritsira ntchito imagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri pa magawo 1-2 a matendawa. Pankhani ya matenda, zigawo 3-4 zimagwiritsa ntchito chemo- ndi radiotherapy . Njirazi zimachepetsanso chithunzithunzi, zimapangitsa kuti wodwalayo akhale ndi moyo wabwino, azikhala ndi moyo wathanzi.
Khwangwala yowopsya - kupulumuka
Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, palibe katswiri wokhoza kulongosola momwe kupweteka kwa mmero kupweteka kudzaperekedwera kuchipatala kapena kudzapita molimba, ngakhale mankhwala akuchitidwa. Akatswiri amangoganizira zomwe zidzachitike kwa wodwalayo, potsatira mawonetseredwe a chipatala ndi mkhalidwe wa thanzi lake. Pachifukwa ichi, sitiyenera kuiwala kuti chiwalo chilichonse chili chokha, choncho zotsutsana ndizomwe zingatheke.
Ngati mumagwiritsa ntchito ziwerengero zomwe zimasonkhanitsidwa kwa zaka zingapo, odwala omwe ali ndi khansa ya m'khosi 1 amatha zaka 5 atapezeka kuti ali ndi 85%. Zomwe zimakhalapo kwa zaka zisanu pakati pa odwala omwe ali ndi masewero 4 ali 20%. Chodziŵikacho chikhoza kukhala laryngectomy - opaleshoni yochotsa zingwe zamagetsi. Kuchita opaleshoniyi kumawonjezera moyo wa wodwala, kumasiya kufalikira kwa chotupacho. Koma pakuchita, si odwala onse omwe amavomereza kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito.